Gum Yield Research Articles

Changes in agronomic characteristics and galactomannan content in twenty cluster bean genotypes of different origins affected by sowing dates

Cluster bean guar or (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) a valuable and multipurpose legume, due to its galactomannan and the seeds high in protein, is widely used in different industries. A field study was carried out using factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications to evaluate the influence of different sowing times (May 15, June 22, and July 27) on performance (seed yield, harvest index, biological yield, etc.), qualitative attributes (galactomannan, protein, carbohydrate, etc.), metabolic traits (lipid, pHenol, fiber, etc.) and yield components (branch/plant, pod/plant and plant height) of 20 guar genotypes (RGC-1066, BR-99, Sarbaz, HG-867, RGC-936, S-5488, S-5490, Dalgan, Iranshahr, Pishen, RGC-1038, RGC-1017, S-5498, RGC-1031, Saravan, S-5499, RGC-986, RGC-1003, HG-884 and HG-563) from three different origins (India, Iran and Pakistan). According to the ANOVA results, plant height, harvest index, the number of pod/plant, total chlorophyll, carbohydrate rate, gum content, and gum yield were significantly changed (p < 0.01) by sowing dates. Guar traits such as plant height, the length of crop cycle, number of pod/plant, harvest index, and protein yield were significantly (p < 0.01) impacted by a two-factor interaction (planting time × genotypes). Based on the results, RGC-1066 and Dalgan showed the maximum and minimum amount of seed yield, respectively. However, the maximum and minimum amount of protein was obtained from RGC-1003 and RGC-1038, respectively. July × HG-884 and July × HG-563 interactions showed the maximum amount of protein yield. The number of branch/plant, pod/plant, harvest index, gum content, and gum yield showed a positive significant correlation with seed yield. Regarding galactomannan and protein contents, HG-884 and RGC-1066 are suitable for gum extraction and guar meal, whereas HG-563 and RGC-1003 due to the high protein content are suitable for meal. RGC-1066 and Iranshahr exhibited the maximum amount of carbohydrate content. In addition, RGC-1066 and RGC-1038 exhibited the maximum amount of galactomannan and can be used for industrial applications.

Drought resistance and gum yield performances in a Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton progeny trial in Senegal

With continued global change as a result of land use changes, invasive species and changing climatic patterns, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the adaptability of Senegalia senegal provenances to maximize resilience in managed and natural populations of this species. The objective of this study is to investigate Senegalia senegal genotypic differences in water use efficiency (WUE) measured by stable 13C isotope composition in foliage according to their ploidy levels. Secondary objectives are to discuss inherent adaptive variation related to soil pH, survival, growth indexes, gum arabic yield and WUE within provenance in the climate change context. A Senegalia senegal progeny trial, in Dahra, Senegal was used in this study: 443 adult trees consisting of 60 families nested within 4 provenances were assessed in this study. Results showed significant differences in gum yield among provenances (P = 0.0002) and families (P < 0.0001). Diamenar and Ngane provenances showed overall similar annual gum yield despite a lower tree survival rate of Ngane than Diamenar. Growth traits, especially stem volume index and crown area index were larger on Ngane provenance, which also displayed significantly higher foliar WUE and lower leaf area index (LAI) than the other provenances. WUE was positively correlated with gum yield (P = 0.0302), but the coefficient of determination was only 2%. Foliar δ13C varied significantly (P < 0.0001) between diploids (− 27.91‰) and polyploids (− 27.12‰). However, within each provenance no significant difference was found. Only 15% of isotope compositions could be explained by ploidy level variation. Differences found in growth and gum yield may be attributed to genotype-specific variation. However, a significant correlation between soil pH and tree survival rate was found (P = 0.0051; r = 0.60). This study confirmed a possible improvement of the gum arabic sector through genotype based selection. Ngane and Diamenar seem to be more profitable to grow in Dahra than the other tested provenances. Future research should investigate the effect of soil pH, other soil physical and chemical properties, and management activities to improve site quality on tree survival and gum yields among provenances. Further, more research is needed to clarify inherent traits underlying drought tolerance in the field and gum yield performance.

English

The study aimed to investigate the effect of the application of different concentrations of Methyl Jasmonate (JA-Me) on yield and quality of gum in Hashab (Acacia senegal) trees. Moreover, also studied the anatomy of the treated trees, and characteristics of gums produced. The study was carried out in two locations, Gedarif State (high rainfall area-clay soil) and North Kordofan State (low rainfall area- sand soil) in eastern and western Sudan respectively. JA-Me was applied at three different concentrations (50, 100 and 150 mg/L) as foliar spray and covered with plastic bags for 4-16hours to allow the JA-Me to enter into the tissues. The results showed that a suitable concentration of JA-Me for maximum gum yield per tree was 100 mg\L. The gum ducts in A. senegal trees treated by JA-Mewas wider compared to those of untreated (control) trees and finally one large duct was formed, where gum appeared as drops on the bark of the tree. There was no effect of JA-Me (100 mg/L) application on gum shape and colour when compared to the untreated control. The gum produced was red coloured spherical nodules with high solubility in cold water. The significance of the study and its outcomes is very important to treat the trees in areas of gum Arabic trees which have less capability to produce gums due to climatic changes and drought occurred in the areas of Acacia belt in Sudan. The study focused on areas of high production affected by environmental changes. Key words: Sudan, gum Arabic, gum yield, natural hormones, gum duct, gummosis, Jasmonate.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Calorimetric Investigations of Extraction Mode on Flaxseed Gum Composition.

We discussed about the influence of extraction mode on the flaxseed gums composition and their thermal stabilities. In order to do so, flaxseed gum was extracted by both classical magnetic stirring method and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). As a function of time, protein content, gum yield, pH values were evaluated and samples were characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The flaxseed gum extracted in aqueous solution correspond to a mixture of different components, including polysaccharides, proteins and sometimes lignan derivatives. It is found that the protein and gum contents increase with the extraction duration for both the ultrasonic assisted and the traditional extraction while the pH decreases at the same time. As expected, compared to traditional magnetic stirring method, ultrasonic assisted extraction method can significantly enhance the yield of polysaccharides, lignans and proteins. The variation of pH is correlated to the increase of lignan molecules in the extracted samples. For thermic methods, SEM experiments showed that lignan derivatives which ester-bonded to polysaccharides associated to proteins are responsible to the formation of globular aggregates. Supplementary rod-like molecular organization were obtained from UAE and questions on the nature of the amphiphilic mesogen carbohydrate structures.

Evaluation of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba (L.) Taub) Genotypes for Fruit and Gum Yield

An experiment on evaluation of cluster bean genotypes was conducted at the department of vegetable crops, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam. Fifty genotypes of gum type of cluster bean from NBPGR, Regional Station Jodhpur, two varieties viz., Thar Bhadavi and the check variety Pusa Navbahar were collected for the study. The collected fifty two (Ct - 1 to Ct - 52) genotypes were evaluated for their growth, yield and gum content for three seasons from November 2013 to February 2015. The data collected from the 52 genotypes. The three seasons data were pooled and statistically analysed. From the above study it is concluded that the variety Pusa Navbahar (Ct – 52 check variety) recorded highest total fruit yield per plant, fruit length, number of seeds per fruit and seed yield per plant than other genotypes taken for evaluation. The same genotype Ct - 52 also recorded the highest guar gum content of 13.44 per cent followed by 12.94 per cent in Ct – 39 and the lowest gum yield of 5.79 per cent was observed in Ct - 47.

Growth and Biomass Studies of Fodder cum Gum-yielding Trees under Different Spacing in Bundelkhand Region

The Bundelkhand region typically represents semi-arid conditions, where inhabitants of rural areas generally depend upon farming and livestock cultivation. Low availability of water and soil nutrients is the major hindrance in fodder production for livestock. Under such conditions, local people largely depend on fodder producing tree species. Senegalia Senegal sub species Senegal/kerensis and Acacia nilotica sub species indica are two important species of semi-arid region which produce nutritive fodder and also yield valuable edible gum. In present study S. Senegal and A. nilotica were planted in three different spacing viz., 10x10, 10x5 and 5x5 m, to test the effect of spacing on their survival, growth and fodder production. After six years, survival of S. Senegal and A. nilotica ranged from 61-86 (maximum in 10x10 m) and 69-90% (maximum in 5x5 m), respectively S. Senegal planted in wide spacing and A. nilotica planted in close spacing attained maximum height as well as stem diameter Both the species recorded maximum canopy spread and utilizable biomass (kg tree -1 ) in 10x10 and minimum in 5x5 m spacing; however, total biomass (tons ha -1 ) was found higher in close spacing 5x5 m). Apart from this, S. Senegal (37.63 g tree -1 ) and A. nilotica (12.21 g tree -1 ) started yielding gums after five years of plantation. This plantation is expected to yield good quantum of gum in coming years that can be an added advantage to the local inhabitants. Thus, based on the results obtained from the present study it can be concluded that un-utilized piece of lands available in Bundelkh and can be considered for developing S. Senegal and A. nilotica based silvipastoral system which may reduce the scarcity of fodder for livestock farmers in Bundelkh and region and may increase their income through revenue from gum yield.

Effects of Different Agitator Blades on the Production Process of Biopolymer WL Gum by Sphingomonas sp. WG

The effects of three agitators with different blade shapes, including the commonly-used six-flat-blade disc turbine, six-curved-blade disc turbine, and six-arrow-blade disc turbine on the production of biopolymer WL gum by Sphingomonas sp. WG was investigated in detail. The experiments were performed at the agitation speeds ranging from 100 to 500 r/min. The results showed that the moderate agitation speed was conducive to cell growth and WL gum production when using the agitators with curved-blade and arrow-blade. The maximal cell growth and WL gum were obtained at 300 r/min and 400 r/min, respectively. The six-arrow-blade disc turbine yielded the highest cell growth (11.74 g/L), WL gum production (40.89 g/L), and broth viscosity (91.62 Pa•s) among the three agitators. A comparison of the mixing characteristics showed that the power consumption of a six-arrow-blade disc turbine was the lowest. Overall, the six-arrow-blade disc turbine is suitable for WL gum fermentation with low energy consumption and high WL gum yield and viscosity. This work provided valuable information for large-scale industrial production of biopolymer WL gum.

Optimization of Crude Polysaccharides Extraction from Plantago ovata Forsk Seed by Response Surface Methodology

Background: Plantago ovata Forsk (Psyllium seed) is an annual plant of plantago genus. This plant widely grows in India and Iran. The Psyllium seed contains mucilage, protein, sugar, fat and tannins. Seed’s husk is a known source to extract hydrocolloid. Objective: The aim of this study was to optimize gum extraction from the Psyllium seed. Methods: The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to estimate the effect of independent variables on the extraction yield of Psyllium gum. The obtained experimental data were fitted to a second- order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and analyzed by appropriate statistical methods. A central composite design (CCD) was used for experimental design and analysis of the results to obtain the best possible combination of extraction temperature (X1= 60-80°C), extraction time (X2= 1-3 h), and the ratio of water to raw material (X3= 30-70%) for the maximum gum extraction. Results: Optimum extraction conditions were extraction temperature of 79°C, extraction time of 2.5 h, and the ratio of water to the raw material of 57%. The experimental extraction yield under optimal conditions was found to be 9 ± 0.25%, which was in agreement with the predicted value of 9.4%. Conclusion: This study showed that Psyllium gum can be used as a hydrocolloid source for pharmaceutical and food industry such as edible films for food packaging.

Effects of Harvest Intensities on Tragacanth Gum Production and Health of Astragalus Verus

In recent decades, tragacanth gum extraction from Astragalus verus has dramatically increased across Iranian rangelands. However, little information is available about the best method of gum harvest, which is economically efficient and maintains the health of the plant. This research was conducted as a factorial combination and in a completely randomized design, during spring and summer of 2018-2019, at Baraghban rangeland. Three levels of stem cuts (i.e. 1, 2, and 3 cuts on the main stem of each plant) and four frequencies of gum removals (1 to 4 times) with 10 replications were applied on 120 individual plants. Results indicated that all cut and gum removal levels significantly reduced the vigor of A. verus, but no significant relationship was detected between gum removal levels and plant vigor. There was an increase in the gum yield by increasing the number of gum harvests, but no increase was found by increasing cut numbers. Based on the ecological and economic comparisons (estimating costs and benefits), we suggest one cut and four times of gum removal as the most suitable method.

Production and optimization of xanthan gum from three-step sequential enzyme treated cassava bagasse hydrolysate

Abstract Xanthan gum was produced by microbial fermentation of enzyme hydrolyzed cassava bagasse. Cassava bagasse (CB) contains about 55–60% starch bound in a complex cellulose – hemicelluloses matrix. A mixture of pectinase and cellulase was used to release bound starch which was further hydrolyzed by alpha amylase and glucoamylase to recover maximum reducing sugar from CB. Up to 68% reducing sugars can be recovered from CB by this three step sequential enzyme hydrolysis. This was about 40% higher than that obtained by the acid hydrolysis. Cassava Bagasse hydrolysate (CBH) obtained after enzyme hydrolysis was used for xanthan gum production using Xanthamonas campestris NCIM 2956. Inoculum size, initial sugar concentration, nitrogen source and C/N ratio were optimized for xanthan gum production using enzyme CBH. Xanthan gum obtained was characterized using 1H NMR, FTIR, and gel filtration chromatography. Under optimized conditions, xanthan gum yield obtained from enzyme treated CBH was 0.469 g xanthan gum/g CB.

Effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on gellan gum biosynthesis by Sphingomonas paucimobilis.

2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) is a non-metabolizable glucose analogue and competitive inhibitor of glycolysis. Effect of 2-DG on gellan gum biosynthesis by Sphingomonas paucimobilis ATCC31461 were studied in this research. The concentrationand the addition time of 2-DG significantly affected the biomass and gellan gum accumulation. The maximum gellan gum yield of 20.78g/L was obtained with the addition of 50µg/L of 2-DG at 24h. The mechanism of 2-DG addition favoring to gellan production was revealed by determining the activities of key enzymes. Results indicated that 2-DG addition increased the activities of glucosyltransferase and inhibited UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity. The result indicated that 2-DG inhibited glycolysis and changed metabolic driving force to activate gellan gum biosynthesis metabolism pathways.

Xanthan gum biosynthesis using Xanthomonas isolates from waste bread: Process optimization and fermentation kinetics

Waste bread hydrolysate was used as a biosource for xanthan production by various isolates and standard bacteria (Xanthomonas campestris DSM 19000). Influence of operational conditions used in the process of xanthan production were evaluated through yield of xanthan, rheological properties of aqueous solution and fermentation kinetics. For the highest yield and viscosity, optimum conditions including carbon source concentration, inoculum volume and agitation rate were determined for 4 different strains by using response surface methodology. The highest gum yield as 14.3 g/L was obtained by Xanthomonas axonopodis vesicatoria and the highest conversion rate of waste bread to xanthan gum was found as %14.1 for Xanthomonas hortorum pv. pelargonii. Whereas, the highest aqueous solution viscosity of gum produced from standard bacteria was 11.2 Pa.sn at glucose ratio of 4%, inoculum volume of 5% and mixing rate of 225 rpm. For fermentation kinetics; the values of growth associated parameters revealed that they are mostly affected by the rate of xanthan gum production and substrate consumption. In general, optimum conditions to obtain the highest xanthan gum yield were different from that to achieve the highest viscosity. This study shows the potential of waste bread hydrolyzates as the promising economic carbon source for xanthan gum production.

Bioproduction of low-pigment xanthan gum by a cell-wall deficient mutant of Xanthomonas campestris

This work aims to enhance the bioproduction of xanthan gum by screening a hyper-yield producer from the wild-type Xanthomonas campestris during a long-term continuous subculture. We reported a cell-wall deficient mutant, which performed a shift of cell morphology from rod-shaped to round-shaped. Both the yield of xanthan gum and the conversion rate of feedstock were assessed using sucrose as a carbon source with the supplement of yeast extract powder, l-glutamic acid, and other raw materials. After 96 h aerobic fermentation, the yield of xanthan gum of the mutant reached up to 32 g/L, which was 3.4 times of that of the wild-type strain. The conversion rate of feedstock in the mutant was up to 92.1%, which was 3 times of that of the wild-type (31.2%). Furthermore, pigments generated were determined and compared. As a result, the fermentation broth of the wild-type performed an OD560nm of 0.296, which was 5.8 times of that (OD560nm = 0.051) of the mutant. Microscopy analysis showed that the percentage of free-living cells in broth affected the color of the final product. Moreover, the robustness of the fermentation performance of the cell-wall deficient mutant at a pilot scale showed potential for industrial application.

Valorisation of chicken feathers for xanthan gum production using Xanthomonas campestris MO-03.

Xanthan gum is an important commercial polysaccharide produced by Xanthomonas species. In this study, xanthan production was investigated using a local isolate of Xanthomonas campestris MO-03 in medium containing various concentrations of chicken feather peptone (CFP) as an enhancer substrate. CFP was produced with a chemical process and its chemical composition was determined. The addition of CFP (1–8 g/l) increased the conversion of sugar to xanthan gum in comparison with the control medium, which did not contain additional supplements. The highest xanthan production (24.45 g/l) was found at the 6 g/l CFP containing control medium in 54 h. This value was 1.73 fold higher than that of control medium (14.12 g/l). Moreover, addition of CFP improved the composition of xanthan gum; the pyruvate content of xanthan was 3.86% (w/w), higher than that of the control (2.2%, w/w). The xanthan gum yield was also influenced by the type of organic nitrogen sources. As a conclusion, CFP was found to be a suitable substrate for xanthan gum production.

Construction and application of a Xanthomonas campestris CGMCC15155 strain that produces white xanthan gum

In the industrial production of xanthan gum using Xanthomonas campestris CGMCC15155, large amounts of ethanol are required to extract xanthan gum from the fermentation broth and remove xanthomonadin impurities. To reduce the amount of ethanol and the overall production cost of xanthan gum, a xanthomonadin‐deficient strain of CGMCC15155 was constructed by inserting the Vitreoscilla globin (vgb) gene, under the control of the LacZ promoter, into the region of the pigA gene, which is involved in xanthomonadin synthesis. The insertion of vgb inactivated pigA, resulting in the production of white xanthan gum. The lack of xanthomonadins resulted in a decreased yield of xanthan gum. However, the expression product of vgb gene, VHb, could increase the metabolism of X. campestris, which allowed the production of xanthan gum to reach wild‐type levels in the engineered strain. The yield, molecular weight, and rheological properties of the xanthan gum synthesized by the engineered and wild‐type bacteria were essentially the same. When the same volume of ethanol was used, the whiteness values of the xanthan gum extracted from engineered and wild‐type bacteria were 65.20 and 38.17, respectively. To extract xanthan gum with the same whiteness, three and seven times the fermentation volume of ethanol was required for the engineered and wild‐type strains, respectively. Thus, the engineered train reduced the requirement for ethanol in xanthan gum production by 133.3%. The results demonstrated that the engineered bacteria used less ethanol, thus reducing the downstream processing cost in xanthan gum production.

Effect of spray drying on the properties of camelina gum isolated from camelina seeds

Camelina gum from camelina seed was solubilized with water and isolated using spray drying method. Ethanol precipitation method was used as control. The effect of drying temperature (140–180 °C) on the properties of camelina gum was studied. The camelina gum yield from spray drying isolation is up to 1.89% of camelina seed, which is significantly less than that from ethanol isolation method (2.04%). In addition, the camelina gum isolated from spray drying has lower polysaccharides (62 vs 72%) and higher protein (7 vs 6%). In general, the viscosity of camelina gum isolated from spray drying is less than that isolated from ethanol precipitation method. Results showed that relative high temperature (165 °C) had a positive effect on the gum yield, purity, and viscosity. High drying temperature (180 °C) led to decreased gum yield and viscosity due to chemical structure decomposition of gum. Camelina gum solution exhibited superior stability in both acidic and weakly basic ranges. At pH 12, its viscosity was greatly increased, attributed to the promotion of crosslinking between polysaccharides and protein in camelina gum. The results of the additive effects on the rheological properties of camelina gum revealed that camelina gum has a good compatibility with those additives studied, indicating that camelina has a great potential for being used as a stabilizer.

Non-destructive harvesting of oleo-gum resin in Commiphora wightii (Arnott) Bhandari—A critically endangered plant

Commiphora wightii (Arnott) Bhandari is an immense medicinal important plant. It yields a valuable oleo-gum-resin which is widely used in Ayurvedic medicines. The traditional destructive method for guggul gum harvesting was one of the causes for its population decline and making this plant critically endangered. Present study was conducted on two sites viz. Jodhpur, Rajasthan and Bhuj, Gujarat. It describes the effect of season, cut size, cut orientation and girth on gum yield. Monthly observation revealed winter season (November to February) as best period for guggul gum harvesting when average gum yield was 4.22 ± 0.44 g per plant. A significant variation was found in gum yield due to different cut sizes (F = 5.076, P < 0.01) and different cut orientations (F = 5.106, P < 0.01). Gum yield increased with cut size and horizontal cut was the best for gum harvesting. Regression analysis between gum yield and girth class at two sites was positively correlated (R2 = 0.239, F = 2.430, P < 0.01). Some putative high gum yielder genotypes were also identified through regression analysis. There were no casualties in any of the experimental plants irrespective of treatments given even after three years at Jodhpur and two years at Bhuj site. Injuries were healed up within two months and plants remained as healthy as non-treated plants.

Simultaneous degumming and production of a natural gum from Crotalaria juncea seeds: Physicochemical and rheological characterization

The oil extracted from Crotalaria juncea (Sunn-hemp) contains 70% of gum. Several methods of degumming are attempted in order to maximize the yield of gum. During appropriate water induced degumming, about 95–98% of phosphatides are separated. The maximum oil yield for two types of degummimg processes are 0.59% and 0.69% corresponding to hot water and pure O-phosphoric acid (19.88 N) treatment respectively. The % oil yield obtained for TOP degumming is about 0.78%. Physico-chemical characteristics of the isolated gum such as moisture, ash, protein, fat and aqueous solubility along with FTIR and TGA analysis are studied in order to evaluate the effect of extraction process. The behaviour of gum on the molecular scale is evaluated through alcohol treatment. Chromatographic analysis determines the monosaccharide content of the gum with glucose: xylose: arabinose::54: 34:1. Rheological characterization shows that the juncea gum solutions are shear rate dependent and the behaviour is shear-thinning (or pseudoplastic). Results show that the temperature dependent viscosity decreases with increasing shear rate.

Ultrasound, microwave and Box-Behnken Design amalgamation offered superior yield of gum from Abelmoschus esculentus: Electrical, chemical and functional peculiarity

Background and objectiveIn present investigation, ultrasonic assisted followed by microwave irradiation involving extraction process was developed under the umbrella of Box-Behnken design for gaining superior yield of gum from okra fruit, Abelmoschus esculentus. Methods and resultsStationed on single factor layout, Box-Behnken design was employed to calculate the optimized conditions for isolating the okra fruit gum (OFG) using ultrasonic waves and microwave radiations. The extracted gum was further characterized for particle size, zeta-potential, surface morphology, thermal stability, functional groups, and polymorphism. The optimized conditions like water to raw material ratio of 44.98 ml/g, extraction time of 40 min and ultrasonic power of 60 W provided the uppermost extraction yield of 31.52% ± 0.22% that was analogous to the predicted value. The average mean diameter of OFG was measured to be 256.3 ± 18.4 nm in addition to the zeta potential of −9.85 ± 0.12 mV. SEM image of OFG powder revealed irregular, rough surfaced and amorphous structure of OFG powder. The degree of esterification was measured to be 7.8 with high thermal stability, as exposed by DSC. The FT-IR spectrum of OFG displayed a broad peak at 3405.20 cm−1 announcing presence of OH group and hydrophilicity attribute. The spectrum also presented the small peak at 1605.20 cm−1 (CO) owing to the presence of galacturonic acid besides galactose and rhamnose. ConclusionIn conclusion, ultrasound and microwave irradiation assisted extraction process under the shed of Box-Behnken design offered superior yield of OFG that may be used as a pharmaceutical excipient for designing medicated or health products.

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Cistus Ladanifer

Different parts of Cistus species are traditionally used in folk medicine as a remedy for several microbial disorders and infections. At the beginning of the study, crude extract of the Cistus leaves was obtained to determine its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Then volatile compounds were extracted using hydrodistillation and hexane. The Cistus oil was obtained by hydrodistillation of fresh material, using leaves in an altered Clevenger-type device. Aqueous extract of Cistus leaves was neutralized to precipitate gums. The yield of gum was determined as 1%. Resinoid was obtained after ethanol extraction of gum. Antibacterial activities of extract were determined using disc diffusion and micro-dilution assays against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The extract of Cistus leaves tested and exhibited antibacterial activities by inhibiting one or more microorganisms. The tested plant extract was more active against gram-positive bacteria compared with gram-negative bacteria. Total phenol content of the extract was determined with Folin-ciocalteu method. Total phenolic content of Cistus extract was 520 ± 15 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/ g extract. The water soluble (ACW) and lipid soluble (ACL) antioxidant capacities of the extract were also determined. ACW and ACL antioxidant capacities of Cistus extract were found as 650±80 μg Ascorbic acid/ mg extract and 540 ±30 μg Trolox Equivalent/ mg extract, respectively. In this study, there is a clear relationship between the total antioxidant and phenol content analysis results and antibacterial activities. Hereby, bioactive natural compounds present in Cistus species can be used as natural raw material in some related industrial applications.