Yield Of Green Mass Research Articles

RESEARCH OF INNOVATIONS IN FEED PRODUCTION - PANNONICA PEAS (VICIA PANNONICA СRANTZ)

Indicators of productivity of a mixture of Lathyrus pannonicus with Triticosecale, as an innovative product in fodder production, have been introduced. Observations have shown that in the interphase period from full sprouting-budding of Lathyrus pannonicus Triticosecale were in the phase of full earing. According to the average daily increase in green mass, a variant was noted in which 75% of Triticosecale (115.2 kg / ha) and 50% of Lathyrus pannonicus (65.2 kg / ha per day) were sown. In Lathyrus pannonicus with different sowing rates, the average daily yield increase decreased to 55.8–59.4 kg / ha against the background of N45P45K45, and for the dose of mineral fertilizers N30P30K30 it was 44.5–49.2 kg / ha. As the dominant crop of the phytocenosis, Triticosecale has the same tendency, where the growth, respectively, reached 107.0–112.8 and 95.7–101.9 kg / ha per day. It was found that option 6 dominated in the yield of green mass, which provided 46.2 and 8.77 t / ha of dry matter with a seeding rate ratio of 75: 50% against the background of mineral fertilizers N45P45K45. The increase in the yield of green mass was by 10.8 and 12.0% of dry matter for option 3 (50: 50%), as well as by 16.7 and 11.0%, respectively, compared to the background N30P30K30. Lathyrus pannonicus provided single-species sowing 17.72-21.35%. The indicators of the chemical composition of Lathyrus pannonicus changed when grown in a mixture with Triticosecale. With the maximum dose of mineral fertilizers and a ratio of seeding rates of 50: 50%, it was 20.15%, or increased by 2.79% than against the background of N30P30K30, or was lower than single-species sowing by 1.20%. Fluctuations in crude protein content between seeding rates and fertilizers were 0.16–1.11 and 2.42–3.29%, respectively. The content of crude fiber in mono-sowing of peas was 26.09–27.72%, and in binary mixtures it increased by 2.20–2.63%. Depending on the studied, the proportion of crude fiber decreased from 3.35 to 26.78%. The total percentage of crude protein in dry matter was caused by the proportion of Lathyrus pannonicus and Triticosecale in the botanical composition. With the application of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N45P45K45, the content of crude protein in var.6 was 14.69%, which is explained by the high percentage of the cereal component in the herbage and the low content of crude protein. By means of exchange experiments, the high digestibility of plant raw materials of a mixture of Triticosecale with Lathyrus pannonicus was determined.

Comparative study of prospective variety numbers of meadow clover in the conditions of the Smolensk region

The purpose of the work was to study the best populations of meadow clover in comparison with the control variety in a competitive variety trial and select the best ones to create a new variety. When summarizing the breeding work from 2011 to 2017, the most productive populations of meadow clover were identified during the selection. Their comparative characteristics are given, morphological characteristics and economically useful indicators and properties are described. In the conditions of the Smolensk region, under normal weather and climatic conditions during the studied period, on sod-podzolic light loamy medium acid soil with a high level of mobile phosphorus and medium mobile potassium, in the nursery of the competitive trial from 6 varieties, a population under the number U-6 emerged in terms of indicators yield of green mass and air-dry matter. The control was the Novichok variety, released since 2000. The cultivar of meadow clover U-6 has increased winter hardiness (99.2%), the yield of green mass is 53.9 t / ha, while the Novichok control is 42.5 t / ha, and the high collection of air-dry matter is 12.4 t / ha (control - 10.6 t / ha). The leafiness of the variety was 42.38% (control - 40.2%), the content of crude protein - 16.58%, which is 5.6% higher than the control variety. The average seed yield for two years is 3.7 centners / ha; this figure exceeds the control by 19.4%.

RODENA – NEW ALFALFA SOWN SYNTHETIC (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.) INTENSIVE TYPE

Further development of the livestock industry in our country depends primarily on the production of feed, their quantity and quality. The most effective way of solving this problem is to create and implement in the production of new varieties and hybrids of forage crops, which have higher yields of green mass, hay and seeds, better foliage and feed quality, intensity of regrowth in spring and after mowing, growing season, durability, stability to diseases and pests, winter hardiness and drought resistance and other features that determine their economic value. Another problem is the elimination of protein deficiency in the diets of farm animals by expanding the sown area under high-protein crops. The synthetic synthetics of alfalfa sowing Rodena was created on the basis of the hybrid population of Vinnichanka (Ukraine) x Vella (Denmark) at the Institute of Feed and Agriculture Podolia during 2003-2016. Posted in the state register of plants suitable for distribution in Ukraine, 09.11.2020 (Certificate of state registration of plant varieties of Rodena No. 200895 dated November 9, 2020, certificate of authorship on the variety of Rodena plants No. 16196001, Patent No. 210082 on January 19, 2021 ). When evaluating the feed and seed productivity of a variety on experienced fields of the Institute of Feeds, the advantage of Rodena varieties over the Syniuha Standard was established. Testing the suitability of a variety to distribute 8 points of research by the Ukrainian Institute of Examination of Plant Varieties confirmed higher rates of feed and seed productivity of the specified grade compared to the conditional standard. Creating a Synthetic Synthetic based on the use of clone genotypes, which, having a complex of economic and valuable signs, is highlighted by a high overall combinational ability, confirms the efficiency of this research direction. Rodena grade is recommended to use in clean and mixed crops with other perennial herbs for the production of high-quality feed in the soil and climatic zone of the Steppe of Ukraine.

Comparative biological characteristics of pea (Pisum sativum) varieties

Some basic quantitative signs and phenological indicators were analyzed for samples of seven forage peas (Pisum sativum L.) of different origins. Plant material from both, aboveground and root biomass was analyzed: i) in the beginning of flowering stage: plant height (cm), fresh stem weight (g), dry stem weight (g), root length (cm), fresh root mass weight (g), dry root mass weight (g), nodules per plant and nodule weight per plant (g); in the technological maturity of seeds stage: number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed weight per plant (g), number of seeds per pod and seed weight per pod (g). Broad sense heritability (Hbs) was calculated. Hierarchical cluster analysis was applied for the grouping of genotypes by similarity and correlation analysis for the finding the relationships between the signs and their variability. Specimens which meet the highest plant length requirements, green mass yield root length, number and weight of nodules were shown. They are considered as suitable for inclusion as parent components in future breeding programs. Some correlations were found, i.e. between the fresh stem weight and the nodules (r = +0.951), between the nodule number and the root length (r = +0.949) and between the weight and the number of seeds (r = +0.950). The findings could be of use for the breeding process in peas.

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ УРОЖАЙНОСТИ КУКУРУЗЫ ПОСРЕДСТВОМ НЕКОРНЕВОЙ ПОДКОРМКИ РАСТЕНИЙ

The article analyzes the experimental data obtained in field experiments carried out at All-Russian Research Institute of Corn in 2018-2020 in the zone of sufficient moisture in Stavropol Territory. We studied the effect of mineral fertilizers N30, N30P30K30 applied for pre-sowing cultivation and their combination with leaf feeding of plants with the agrochemical product Vuksal Macromix at a dose of 2.5 l / ha at the phase of 7-8 leaves, as well as sole feeding of plants with Vuksal Macromix at a dose of 2.5 l / ha at the phase of 7-8 leaves. The object of the research was hybrids of different ripeness groups: Mashuk 185 MB, Mashuk 220 MB and Mashuk 355 MB. According to the research results, a positive effect of fertilizers and leaf feeding of plants with Vuksal Macromix agrochemical product at a dose of 2.5 l / ha at the phase of 7-8 leaves on vegetative growth, yield increase of green mass and corn grain was established. The increase of plant height according to the variants of the experiment: hybrid Mashuk 185 MV was 5-9 cm, Mashuk 220 MV - 8-14 cm, Mashuk 355 MV - 9-15 cm. The increase of green mass yield when N30 and N30P30K30 were applied for pre-sowing cultivation was 7.2-22.6% and 16.8-35.5%, N30 for pre-sowing cultivation + Vuksal Macromix at a dose of 2.5 l / ha at the phase of 7-8 leaves - 9.5-27.2%, N30P30K30 for pre-sowing cultivation + Vuksal Macromix at a dose of 2.5 l / ha at the phase of 7-8 leaves - 15.0-33.5%. The application of sole Vuksal Macromix at a dose of 2.5 l / ha at the phase of 7-8 leaves for leaf fertilization increased the green mass yield by 13.3-22.8%. Increase of grain yield when applying N30 and N30P30K30 for pre-sowing cultivation amounted to 4.2-8.3% and 5.0-7.9%, N30 for pre-sowing cultivation + Vuksal Macromix at a dose of 2.5 l / ha at the phase of 7-8 leaves - 4.2-7.5%, N30P30K30 for pre-sowing cultivation + Vuksal Macromix at a dose of 2.5 l / ha at the phase of 7-8 leaves - 3.0-12.1%. The application of Vuksal Macromix fertilizer for leaf fertilization at a dose of 2.5 l / ha at the phase of 7-8 leaves as an independent intake increased the grain yield by 8.0-11.5%.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ КОМБИНАЦИОННОЙ СПОСОБНОСТИ СОРТОПОПУЛЯЦИЙ ЛЮЦЕРНЫ ИЗМЕНЧИВОЙ (MEDICAGO VARIA L.) ДЛЯ УСПЕШНОЙ СЕЛЕКЦИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ СРЕДНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

The article presents results of the research work on assessment of the total combining ability of 14 varieties of variegated alfalfa (Medicago varia L.) of various ecological and geographical origin for identifying the best ones in terms of productivity in order to include them in the breeding process in the Middle Volga region. The study of the original varieties and their hybrid forms was carried out in a field experiment of 2012 sowing year with a three-year usage of the herbage (2013–2015). The characteristics of the varieties are given according to the main morpho-biological characteristics (the intensity of early spring growth, the height of plants at cutting ripeness stage) and economically significant parameters (content of green phytomass, leafiness, seed yield) in comparison with the traditional zoned variety Kuibyshevskaya. According to the green mass yield, the following were identified: KSI 24, Population 8, KSI Super, KSI 13, characterized by an average value of total combining ability (104.2 - 101.9%); Population 4, Izumruda and KSI T / Z provided reliably high productivity for 3 years of grass stand usage (14.0 - 16.0 kg / m2), with a high total combining ability effect (108.0-123.5%). According to the seed yield, the most productive varieties with a high total combining ability were identified: Population 2 (113.5%), Population 7 (111.8%), Gyuzel SP 03 (110.8%), Population 4 (109.8%), KSI T / Z (107.3%), KSI 24 (105.6%), KM population (105.1%). According to the results of the study, such varieties of variegated alfalfa as KSI T / Z, KSI 24, KSI 13, Gyuzel SP 03 were included as components of new polycross populations for further breeding work. Currently, these populations are undergoing selection formation in plots of biotypic selection on a field provocative background.

Сравнительный анализ сортообразцов клевера лугового питомника конкурсного сортоиспытания с высокими кормовыми качествами

Abstract. The article provides information on the yield of green mass, dry matter, nutritional value, as well as the yield of seeds of promising numbers of meadow clover in a competitive variety test. The purpose of research on the combination of economically valuable characteristics (dry matter yield, dry matter yield) is to identify promising cultivars of single-grained diploid meadow clover in nurseries of competitive variety testing for further work and transfer of promising material to breeding nurseries. Research methodology and methods. The material for the study was 14 cultivars of meadow clover, self-selected, obtained by hybridization and polycross, standard is Orion. In the nursery of the competitive variety testing (sowing 2018), the productivity was evaluated during spring sowing, under the cover of spring wheat. The accounting area of the plot is 100 m2, when evaluating the numbers for feed productivity, the repetition is fourfold. Observations and records were carried out according to the generally accepted methodology. Meteorological conditions in 2018–2020 varied significantly from the long-term average. Results. The yield of green mass for two years was 51.35–63.3 t/ha. The numbers significantly exceeded the standard: Ogonek × Ermak (7) – by 7 %, Orfey – 10.5 %, Oniks – 11.4 %, Vitebchanin × Orfey (5) – by 10.7 %. The collection of dry matter for two seasons was 10.93–13.95 t/ha. The numbers were highlighted: Ogonek × Ermak (7) – 13.7 %, Orfey – 15.3, Oniks – 8.5, Vitebchanin × Orfey (5) – 9.8 and 143-98 – 10.8 %. The seed yield in 2019 was 92–176. 6 kg/ha. The protein content for the season was 14.20–17.52 % in 2019, and 12.89–16.60 % in 2020. The average protein harvest for two years was 1593–2196 kg/ha. The highest indicator was provided by the following numbers: Ogonek × Ermak (7) – 2135 kg/ha (+15.8 % to st.), Orfey – 1960 kg/ha (+6.3 %), 143-98 – 1958 kg/ha (+6.2 %), Oniks – 2054 kg/ha (+11.4 %) and Vitebchanin × Orfey (5) – 2196 kg/ha (+19.2 %). Scientific novelty. As a result of the conducted research, promising cultivars were identified, which will be included in the further selection study.

The Influence of Different Seeding Application Rates and Sowing Time on Maize Hybrids’ Productivity in the Conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan’s Southern Forest-Steppe Zone

Maize takes the leading place in yield and is one of the most common crops in the world. Selection of the optimal seeding application rate and time is among the central issues in maize cultivation technology and is highly relevant. The research made in 2018–2020 aimed at improving the maize technology block for grain (seeding application rate and sowing time, southern forest-steppe, the Republic of Bashkortostan). For this purpose, a field experiment was launched in a fourfold replication. The experimental design included hybrids: Nur, Mashuk 171, Baikal and Mashuk 220 with a planting density of 60 (control), 70, 80, and 90 thousand pcs/ha. The experiment revealed a high correlation dependence of the yield of green mass and grain on the sowing time (r = 0.876–0.915 and r = 0.951–0.963). In the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan’s southern forest-steppe, Baikal and Mashuk 171 hybrids are recommended to be used for animals and poultry diets and the planning of maize cultivation technological schemes at early sowing time (May 10) and a seeding application rate of 80 thousand pcs/ha. The results of the research apply to the formation of agricultural feeding diets.

Productivity and nutritional value of Sudanese grass when cultivated for green fodder

Increasing the productivity and quality of forage crops is a necessary condition for creating a solid feed base that will ensure the full feeding of farm animals. The paper considers the results of studies on the influence of mineral fertilizers and pre-sowing seed treatment with Raikat Start on the production processes of the Sudan grass of the Julia variety on chestnut soils in the Lower Volga region. It was found that the highest yield of green mass of Sudan grass 28.6 t / ha was formed on the variant with the introduction of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N120 P120 K90 + N30 and the growth stimulator Raikat Start, the increase to the control was 9.3 t / ha. This variant also showed a decrease in the fiber content and an increase in the proportion of pro-tein from 7.05 % in the first cut to 8.28 % in the third cut. The application of mineral fertilizers in the studied dose provided a green mass of Sudan grass that was safe for agricultural animals with a nitrate content of no more than 407 mg/kg.

THE GROWING TECHNOLOGY OF MIXED SEEDED PLANTS AT STUBBLE-FIELD

One of the main measures to increase production in the field of grain and feed production in our republic is to increase the yield of grain and forage crops on plantations.The purpose of our research work is to study the effect of fertilization and irrigation rates on the yield, crop quality and soil fertility of crops sown in a mixture when planting honeysuckle. The results of research conducted in world agriculture show that mainly the yield and composition of mixed crops, the quality indicators of which depend on the components of the crops to be sown, their seeding rate and cultivation technology. As a result of studies conducted in the conditions of ancient irrigated gray-meadow soils of the Karabakh region of our republic, it was found that with 4 - fold vegetation irrigation (4200 m3), the yield of mixed sowing in the control version without fertilizers was 372 c/ha, while under the influence of mineral and organic mineral fertilizers, the yield increased and amounted to 447-627 c/ha. Based on the results of the study, it can be said that in order to obtain a high yield of green mass with the joint sowing of corn and soybeans, the optimal irrigation and fertilizer application rates were determined, the highest indicator was achieved in the variant where the fertilizer standards N120P150C150 were applied. In the course of the study, the influence of fertilizer application rates and optimization of the amount of irrigation on the quality indicators of feed, as well as on the yield obtained from mixed crops, was studied. As a result of the conducted analyses, the amount of raw protein, absolute dry matter, nitrate nitrogen in the natural mass, the yield of feed units per hectare and the amount of protein going for digestion were determined. Thus, the application of fertilizers within the optimal limits and the correct, timely supply of irrigation standards significantly increase the quality of the crop on a par with the yield on mixed crops, the soil fertility is preserved.

Winter Pea Mixtures with Triticale and Oat for Biogas and Methane Production in Semiarid Conditions of the South Pannonian Basin

Due to the increase in greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels, there is increased attention on renewable energy sources from specialized crops. These crops should not compete with food security, and it is important to select plant resources which can produce methane-rich biogas efficiently. The most commonly used energy crops are planted and managed intensively with high inputs in productive land, and this negatively affects land use and sustainable use of resources. The main purposes of this study are to: (a) determine the best cropping system for optimal biogas and methane production from sole crops of winter pea, triticale and out and their mixtures at two different maturity stages (first stage: full-flowering stage of winter pea and beginning of milky stage of cereals; second stage: emergence of firsts pods for pea and milky/waxy stage of cereals); and (b) to develop and use a surface model to determine the best combinations of various mixtures that result in highest biogas and methane. The used pure or mixtures of pea, oat and triticale in two seed weight ratios (50%:50% and 75%:25%) produced different green mass, dry matter, solids, biogas and methane yields. The experiments showed that maximum green mass was produced by the mixture of pea and oat at the seed ratio 75%:25% and when crop was harvested at the full-flowering stage of winter pea and beginning of the milky stage of cereals. After quadratic model analyses, the combination ratios of the oat and triticale were, respectively, 30% and 8%, with a maximum green biomass yield of 61.48 t ha−1, while the corresponding values were 28% and 38%, with maximum solids yields of 25.64 t ha−1. As the model was set at 100 for all three independent variables (oat, triticale and pea), the pea should be at 62% (100-30-8) and 34% (100-28-38), respectively, for green mass and organic solids yields. The results of surface analysis and multivariate analysis of variance showed that the mixture of oat and triticale had great potentiality for biogas and methane yields. The optimal mixture of oat with triticale was 27~35% with 73~65% for producing biogas and (or) methane.

Melilot of the Caspian region and prospects of their conveyor use

The data of daily conveyor production of melilot hay, harvested mainly in early highly nutritious phases of development, branching and budding, are presented. Melilot, possessing a number of important advantages over other feed crops, nevertheless, are not popular among agricultural practitioners because of their coarse stems, low feed intake and high content of coumarin in plants. Undoubted advantages of melilot include: high yield of hay, haylage and green mass, seeds; salt tolerance and possibility of reclaiming saline lands without drainage and soil leaching; sun resistance; drought resistance; winter hardiness; low irrigation rate; high nutritional value and digestibility of feed; high protein content in plants; low cost cultivation; possibility of obtaining high yields without introduction of nitrogen fertilizers, unpretentiousness to soil fertility; excellent phytomeliorant and soil orderly; soil fertility restorer and excellent precursor for many crops. The varieties of melilot created for cultivation on saline lands of the Caspian Sea region provide an extension of conveyor period of pasture use and harvesting of their raw materials up to 188 days per season.

The Influence of Macro- and Micronutrient Fertilizers on the Productivity of Meadow Clover in the Conditions of the Upper Volga Region

The research was carried out on the experimental field of the FSBEI of HE “Tver State Agricultural Academy” in 2019 and 2020. It was found that the application of pure microelement fertilizers Aquamix ST and Aquarin 5 allowed obtaining a statistically significant increase in the yield of green mass of meadow clover under favorable agro-climatic conditions on soils poor in microelements. The highest yield was noted on plots with clover treated with pure Aquarin 5 (57.90 t/ha) per cut. The use of Aquarin 5 increases the yield of clover by 22.20–48.80%, and in terms of mineral fertilizers in a full dose of N50P50K50 - by 4.80–24.30%. Small rates of mineral fertilizers N25P25K25 did not have a significant effect on the yield of clover, and an increase to N50 led to a negative result. The economic efficiency of the combined application of chelated and complex fertilizers is lower than the use of physiologically active substances in their pure form on soils poor in microelements.

Adaptation of Sorghum Crops in the North-West of the Non-Black Earth Zone

The article addresses the issue of whether it is possible to grow thermophilic crops of the sorghum family for forage purposes in the North-west zone. For 4 years of research, a high degree of adaptation of the plants to growing conditions and their ecological plasticity, declared in the characteristics of the studied crops, have been confirmed. It has been found that the lack of heat in the zone of excessive moisture and long daylight hours is the main limiting factor that has a direct effect on both the duration of interstage periods and the height and yield of green mass of the plants. Even under extreme conditions of acute heat deficit, sorghum crops have been able to form a full-fledged harvest of green mass. The sum of active temperatures in the zone is not enough for the sorghum to complete the full development cycle.

Biological basis of sorghum cultivation in the North-West of the Non-Chernozem zone

The need to restore the dairy cattle population and the feed base in the North-West region of the Russian Federation requires new sources of feed with high yield and nutritional values. The purpose of the research is to study the possibility of sugar sorghum introduction into the region for forage use. The research was conducted in 2017-2020 in the conditions of the Novgorod region. On plots with an area of 10 m2 in the third decade of May sugar sorghum was sown: a hybrid of the first generation Silosnoe 88, the Galia variety, the Laretz line. The predecessors were potato (2017, 2018, 2020) and vetch and oat mix (2019). The ability of sugar sorghum to stop developing and hibernate in unfavorable weather conditions, resuming vegetation when the weather improves, has been established. Intensive plant growth was observed at the end of July-August with the average daily growth of 1.9-5.0 cm. By the end of August, the plant height reached 245-280 cm, the yield of green mass was 110 t/ha (hybrid Silosnoe 88), 139.2 t/ha (variety Galia), 136 t/ha (Laretz line). In the extreme conditions of 2017, the yield of sorghum green mass was 21 t/ha. The yield of dry matter (DM) from 1 ha reached 6.8-13.4 t/ha. The protein content in the DM was 8.4-11.5 %, the yield of feed units was 0.76-0.82 kg/kg, the output of exchange energy was 9.7-10.1 MJ/kg. Sugar sorghum has an ability to grow back after mowing; in the conditions of the Novgorod region, the yield of green mass from two mowing (end of July, August-September) was lower (23.3-46.7 t/ha) than from the one at the end of August-September (44.3-139.2 t/ha). The Laretz line vegetation phases began 5-27 days later than those of the Silosnoe 88 hybrid and Galiya variety. The growing season of sugar sorghum ended in the phase of “heading of panicles - flowering”. Thus, a high plasticity and adaptability of sorghum varieties to unfavorable climatic conditions of the zone and their prospects for use in forage production have been established.

ACOMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE CONDITION OF THE LEGUMES ON THE NATURAL AND SEEDED FODDER AREAS OF THE REPUBLIC OF ALTAI

The flora of the Altai Mountains is characterized by a rich variety of representatives of the Fabaceae family, which are found in a wide range of habitats and under various anthropogenic loads. The genera Astragalus L. and Oxytropis DC. are the most numerous in terms of species diversity. Many representatives of the genera Vicia L., Trifolium L., Hedysarum L., Latirus L., Melilotus Mill., Medicago L., Pisum L. are good forage plants. The vegetation in the steppe grasslands of the Altai Mountains indicates the presence of predominantly intensive grazing farm animals, in which there is the formation of transient communities by reducing the participation of the prey species and the role of not eaten, eaten bad, harmful and poisonous plants. At the same time, the share of the legume component in the living ground phytomass in meadow steppes is quite high (25–50 %), in real steppes it is about 5–28%, and in desolate steppes – 11–17 %, which is largely due to the species diversity of legumes and their adaptability to natural, climatic and anthropogenic factors. Species Onobrychis arenaria, Medicago falcata are found in the meadow steppe, and Astragalus austrosibiricus, A. tibetanus, A. brevifoliu, and Oxytropis argentata are found in the steppe pastures, which develop a good green mass and have relatively high morphometric indicators. Astragalus testiculatus, A. laguroides, A. dilutes, Oxytropis pumila, Hedysarum gmelinii, Gueldenstaedtia monophylla, and harmful pasture plants – Thermopsis mongolica, Caragana pygmaea – are adapted to drier stony habitats. Of the wild relatives of cultivated plants from familia Fabaceae in the flora of the Altai Mountains there are more than 10 species. According to the results of environmental testing of 13 varieties of annual legumes (Vicia L., Pisum L., Glycine L.), it was found that they are characterized by higher rates of green mass yield (by 12–16%) than traditional varieties of these crops in the mid-mountain zone of the Altai Republic.

Yield and fodder value of pierced leaf sylphia on the reclaimed lands of the non-chernozem zone

Relevance. The article is devoted to the actual problem of studying non-traditional fodder crop — pierced leaf sylphia ( Silphium perfoliatum ), which is promising for introduction on reclaimed lands of the non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. Methods and results. The research was carried out at the test site of the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands — a branch of the Federal Research Centre “Soil Science Institute named after V.V. Dokuchaev”(Tver region). The experiments were carried out in 2017–2020. Soil on the experimental site isdrained soddy-podzolic loamy soil. The arable layer is characterized by the following agrochemical indicators: pHKCL — 6.7, the content of easily hydrolyzable nitrogen — 50.1 mg/kg of soil, mobile phosphorus (P 2 O 5 ) — 272.0 mg/kg of soil, and the concentration of exchangeable potassium (K 2 O) — 78,0 mg/kg of soil. When cultivated on the reclaimed lands of the Tver region, pierced leaf sylphia provided high yields of green mass — 73.0 ± 2,7 t/ha or 13.1 ± 0,8 t/ha of dry matter. The maximum height of the shoots of pierced leaf sylphia reaches during the flowering period, which, in the conditions of drained lands, begins 90–100 days from the beginning of spring regrowth, which indicates the late maturity of this culture in the conditions of the non-chernozem zone. The flowering period is the best period for harvesting sylphs for animal feed, since it is at this time that one kilogram of green feed contains 0.12–0.15 feed units, 170 g of dry matter, 16.5 g of crude protein, 24 mg of carotene, 41 g of fiber, 4.5 g of calcium, 0.4 g of phosphorus, which corresponds to the zootechnical norms of animal feeding. The introduction of pierced-leaved sylphia into the system of feed production on reclaimed lands, including in a green conveyor, allows obtaining the maximum amount of nutrients per unit area, using innovative technologies for the cultivation of forage plants, increasing the quality of feed and the concentration of energy in 1 kg of dry matter to 10,0–10.5 MJ.

Experience on the cultivation of forage crops for silage in the North

The development of animal husbandry in the zone of risky agriculture in Yakutia is impossible without creating a solid fodder base, so the primary task of fodder production is the production of high-protein fodder, balanced by protein and mineral content. One of the leading places in solving this problem belongs to annual crops and their mixtures. It is important to increase the production and improve the quality of all types of fodder, primarily by expanding mixed crops, improving the technology of their cultivation and harvesting. Scientific research on cultivation of annual fodder crops for haylage production was conducted at the experimental plot of the laboratory of fodder production of YANIISKH in 2016-2018 on the second above floodplain terrace of the Lena River. Data on biometric measurements, green mass yield, chemical composition and nutritive value of annual fodder crops were obtained. During the years of research the two-component pea-oat mixture was the most productive and nutritious among mixed crops at all 3 sowing dates (1st date - May 24, 2nd date - June 12, 3rd date - July 2), yield averaged 199.3-264.0 t/ha, fodder units 33.9-73.1 t/ha, digestible protein 4.68-5.78 t/ha and vetch-oat mixture yield green mass 183.5-241.5 t/ha, fodder units 33.3-41.8 t/ha, digestible protein 4.68-5.78 t/ha. As a result of the research, the second and third sowing dates (II decade of June - I decade of July) turned out to be the best sowing dates for oats, vetch-oat, pea-oat and pea-oat- barley mixtures for haylage. For the production of haylage in the conditions of Central Yakutia, the best variants were the two-component vetch-oat and pea-oat mixtures both in terms of green mass productivity and nutritive value of forage. According to the nutritional qualities, the optimal phase for harvesting green mass of forage crops for haylage is the onset of the phase: cereals - milk-wax ripeness, legumes - in the phase of flowering-fruit formation.

The effect of mineral fertilizers and liming on the properties of sod-podzolic soils and the productivity of legume-grass mixture in the conditions of the Komi Republic

The research was carried out in 1998-2018 in the conditions of the Komi Republic. Under study was the effectiveness of single application (1983) of lime doses (1.0; 2.0; 2.5 h. a.) and the systematic use of mineral fertilizers (N60P75K75) against the background of lime effect in the cultivation of perennial grass mixtures (meadow clover, meadow timothy and cocksfoot). High efficiency was shown by liming at doses of 2.0 and 2.5 h. a., the effect remained for 35 years since their introduction to the soil. Thus, in 2018, the exchange acidity was 4.5-4.8 pHKCl (the initial 4.1-4.2 pHKCl). A similar decrease was observed in the hydrolytic acidity and the content of exchangeable aluminum in the soil. The amount of humus by 2018 increased to 1.7-1.8 % (the initial 1.4-1.5 %). The average yield of perennial grasses during soil liming at doses of 2.0 and 2.5 h .a. was 24.0-25.1 t/ha of green mass (5.3-5.5 t/ha of good quality dry matter), which is 52.8-59.8 % higher than the variant without fertilizers (15.7 green mass and 3.7 t/ha of dry matter). In the variant with the systematic use of NPK, the exchange acid content of the soil and the humus content remained at the initial level, the amount of the mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium increased to 198 and 121 mg/kg of soil (the initial 42 and 62 mg/kg). The average annual yield of grasses was 25.3 t/ha of green mass (5.4 t/ha dry matter) and was 61.1 and 45.9 % higher than the control. Against the background of the aftereffect of lime flour, the effect of NPK on soil properties was similar to the effect of non-fertilizing cultivation, with the exception of a significant increase in the availability of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium – up to 254-288 and 148-166 mg/kg, respectively. A high yield of green mass of 28.1-30.7 t/ha (6.4-6.7 t/ha dry matter) was obtained, exceeding the control by 78.9-95.5 %. In these variants, grass mixture of high quality was obtained: the content of crude protein – 13.8-13.9 %; dry matter – 21.8-21.9 %; the content of total phosphorus – 0.92-0.94 %; potassium – 2.93-2.95 % and calcium – 0.79-0.81 %. The amount of nitrates in the feed did not exceed the MPC (147-149 mg/kg dry matter). Long-term studies on sod-podzolic poorly cultivated soil showed that the optimal method for the cultivation of long-term legume-cereal grass mixture was the use of lime flour (2.0 and 2.5 h .a.) and the annual use of N60P75K75.

Влияние оптимальных доз органических и минеральных удобрений на урожайность зеленой массы и показатели качества кормов на пожнивных посевах смешанно возделываемых культур

Abstract. The article presents the results of studies on the effect of optimization of organic and mineral fertilizers on the yield of green mass and indicators of the quality of forage on stubble crops of mixed cultivated crops on poorly supplied with nutrients gray-meadow soils. The introduction of optimal rates of organic and mineral fertilizers on stubble crops of mixed crops of corn and sorghum increased the yield of green mass. With a yield of green mass of 372 c/ha in the control variant of mixed crops without fertilizers, in the variant of introducing the norm N120P150K150, this figure was 627 c/ha, which is 255 c/ha more in comparison with the control, i.e. by 68 %. It has been found that the introduction of optimal rates of organic and mineral fertilizers on stubble crops of mixed crops of corn and soybeans, along with an increase in the yield of green mass, has a positive effect on its quality indicators. Based on the research results, it was found that to achieve a high yield of green mass of joint crops of corn and soybeans, it is effective to introduce mineral fertilizers at the rate of N120P150K150 and the joint use of organic and mineral fertilizers at the rate of 10 t/ha (manure) + N70P125K90.