Dehydrogenation (reaction of splitting hydrogen from the molecule of an organic compound) is one of the most important reactions of organic synthesis. The process is used to obtain both end-products and hydrocarbons that actively enter into other reactions, for example, polymerization. The dehydrogenation process is used in the production of styrene, isoprene, and butadiene [1]. The use of a vacuum to reduce the partial pressure of the initial substances in the course of the reaction promotes the yield of end-products as well as substantially reducing their cost by avoiding the use of high-voltage and expensive heating steam, which is used to reduce the partial pressure of the initial mixture, and also by making it possible to conduct the dehydrogenation reaction in a single stage [2]. In the present article, a mathematical model of the heating of an initial mixture for dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons in a vacuum is constructed. n-butane was selected as the initial mixture for the calculation; heating of the compound was performed by means of an electrical current in the tubular reactor of an experimental vacuum dehydrogenation plant [3]. A special feature of the problem is that heating of the gas is accomplished under the conditions of a vacuum; the properties of gases at low pressures are described by molecular-kinetics theory and the general approach to the solution of the problem may lead to substantial computation errors [4].