Yield Of Clusterbean Research Articles

Optimizing Growth and Yield of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) Var. Neelam-61 through Integrated Use of Inorganic Fertilizers, Organic Manure and Rhizobium Inoculation

Organic matter decomposition is beneficial to plant growth and development. However, the overuse of chemical fertilizers poses risks to environmental sustainability and long-term soil health. The integration of organic fertilizers, such as poultry manure, offers a promising solution to reduce dependency on chemical inputs while maintaining crop productivity. The field experiment was conducted at Research Farm of the Department of Soil Science, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj U.P during Kharif season of 2023. An experiment was conducted in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with three levels of N:P:K, Poultry manure and two levels of Rhizobium inoculation. The seeds were treated with Rhizobium. Based on the experimental data, the application of 100% Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (RDF), 100% Poultry manure and 100% Rhizobium inoculation not only resulted in maximum growth and yield attributes but also proved to be significantly superior to all other treatments.

Impact of NPK, Rhizobium and FYM on Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil for Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) Cv. Radha SPL

An experiment was conducted to study the impact of NPK, Rhizobium and FYM on Soil properties, and Yield of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) Cv. Radha SPL at Research farm of Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Naini Agricultural Institute, during kharif season of 2023-24. The experiment with 18 treatments, was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The pre and post-harvest soil samples taken for analysis revealed sandy loam in texture. and treatment T18 - [ N20P40K40+ FYM@ 5 t ha-1+Rhizobium@ 600 g ha-1] showed a slight decrease in soil pH (7.18), Db (1.21 Mg.m-1) and Dp (2.20 Mg.m-1) along with increase in EC, pore space, water holding capacity and organic carbon i.e.,0.29 dSm-1, 46.88%, 44.90%, 0.55% respectively. The maximum available nitrogen 292 kg ha-1, phosphorus 31.18kg ha-1 and potassium 264 kg ha-1 were recorded in T18. made it best treatment among soil health parameters.

Influence of iron and molybdenum on growth and yield of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)

Influence of iron and molybdenum on growth and yield of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)

Effect of zinc and gibberellic acid on growth and yield of cluster bean

Effect of zinc and gibberellic acid on growth and yield of cluster bean

Response of NPK and Neem Cake on Soil Properties, Growth and Yield of Cluster Bean

At the soil science and agricultural chemistry research farm, an experiment was carried out during the 2023–2024 growing season. Nine treatments were arranged in a randomised block design with three replications for the current investigations. The pre-sowing soil sample used for the analysis of the cluster bean was taken for the study. The soil has a sandy loam texture, and the cluster bean responds considerably to the various treatment combinations. Under treatment T9 -, the highest phosphorus was measured at 30.43 kg ha-1 in 0–15 cm deep and 27.65 kg ha-1 in 15–30 cm depth. and in treatment T1, the lowest phosphorus levels were 18.81 kg ha-1 at 0–15 cm depth and 15.74 kg ha-1 at 15–30 cm depth. Treatment T9 produced the highest potassium levels, 252.9 kg ha-1 in 0–15 cm depth and 186.7 kg ha-1 in 15–30 cm depth, while treatment T1 produced the lowest potassium levels, 199.7 kg ha-1 in 0–15 cm depth and 166.8 kg ha-1 in 15–30 cm depth.

Influence of Organic sources of Nutrients on Growth and Yield of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) var. MDU 1

Influence of Organic sources of Nutrients on Growth and Yield of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) var. MDU 1

Effect of Weed Management Practices on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub

The growth, yield attributes and yield of clusterbean were influenced by various weed management treatments. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the impact of different weed management practices on growth, yield attributes and overall yield. An agronomic investigation was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Mandor, affiliated with the Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, during the Kharif season of 2018. The experimental design utilized a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The experiment encompassed ten treatments: W1 - weedy check, W2 - weed-free, W3 - pendimethalin at 750 g/ha (pre-emergence), W4 - imazethapyr at 40 g/ha (early post-emergence), W5 - pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 750 g/ha (pre-emergence), W6 - imazethapyr + imazamox at 50 g/ha (early post-emergence), W7 - pendimethalin at 750 g/ha (pre-emergence) + 1 hand weeding (25 days after sowing), W8 - imazethapyr at 40 g/ha (early post-emergence) + 1 hand weeding (35 days after sowing), W9 - pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 750 g/ha (pre-emergence) + 1 hand weeding (25 days after sowing), and W10 - imazethapyr + imazamox at 50 g/ha (early post-emergence) + 1 hand weeding (35 days after sowing). The early post-emergence application of imazethapyr + imazamox at 50 g/ha along with one hand weeding at 35 days after sowing resulted in significantly enhanced growth, yield attributes and overall yield. This treatment exhibited higher values for parameters such as dry matter per plant (g), plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight (g), yields of both seed and stover and harvest index. Additionally, this treatment was comparable in effectiveness to the application of imazethapyr at 40 g/ha (early post-emergence) + 1 hand weeding at 35 days after sowing and the weed-free condition. The application of imazethapyr + imazamox at 50 g/ha + 1 hand weeding at 35 days after sowing emerged as a promising strategy during the Kharif season for achieving the highest yield and net monetary returns in clusterbean cultivation.

Yield Attributes and Yield of Cluster Bean as Affected by Varieties and Micronutrient Foliar Application under Teak Based Agroforestry System

Agroforestry is an approach to land use that combines agriculture with forestry, ensuring both forest cover and food security. In the present study, teak based agroforestry system was used for the production potential of cluster bean in response to varieties and micronutrient foliar application. The study was conducted in the summer season for two years. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with Factorial concept consisting of 3 factors viz., varieties, foliar application of micronutrient iron and zinc at 2 levels each in 4 replications. Two different varieties of cluster bean viz. Pusa Navbahar (V1), Local Variety (V2), foliar application of iron viz. No foliar application of iron (F0), foliar application of iron [0.5% FeSO4 (F1)] at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS) and foliar application of zinc viz. No foliar application of zinc (Z0), foliar application of zinc [0.5% ZnSO4 (Z1)] at 30 and 45 DAS were tested for yield attributes of cluster bean separately under teak based agroforestry system and open condition. Among two tested varieties, variety Pusa Navbahar perform well as compared to local variety. Foliar application of 0.5% FeSO4 and 0.5% ZnSO4 individually increased yield attributes and yield as compare to their control condition. Further, results of the investigation showed decline in the yield attributes and yield of cluster bean under teak based agroforestry system in comparison to open condition. The interaction effect of different treatment combinations was found nonsignificant for all yield attributes except the number of pods per plant under teak based agroforestry system and open condition.

Effect of Application of Iron and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)

A field experiment was conducted during Zaid 2023 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), low in organic carbon (0.36 %), available N (171.48 kg/ha), available P (15.2 kg/ha) and available K (232.5 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments each replicated thrice based on one year of experimentation. The application of Iron at 15000 ppm + Zinc 20 kg/ha, recorded significantly higher Plant height (102.80 cm), number of nodules per plant (47.57) Plant dry weight (55.04 g/plant). Significantly maximum pods/plant (44.50), Seeds/pod (14.31) were recorded with the treatment of Iron at 15000 ppm + Zinc 20 kg/ha.

Effect of Inorganic Fertilizers, FYM and Nano Urea on Soil Health, Growth and Yield of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) cv. HGS 563

An experiment was conducted to study the “effect of different level of N P K, FYM and Nano urea on soil health, growth and yield of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) cv. HGS 563” at research farm of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry. The experiment design laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Cluster bean was taken for study with recommended doses of fertilizers (N, P2O5 and K2O @ 20, 40 and 20 kg ha-1) was applied with organic manure (FYM). The variety of cluster bean is HGS 563 was taken for research trial. Bulk density (Mg m-3) and particle density was maximum in T1 - [NPK @ 0% + NU @ 0% + FYM @ 0%] and soil pore space, water holding capacity, pH, EC, organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were recorded maximum in T9 - [NPK @ 100% + NU @ 100% + FYM @ 100%] respectively. In treatment T9 the highest pod yield of Cluster bean 55.12 q ha-1 was obtained with C:B ratio of 1:2.48. Excessive nitrogen leaching can deplete the available nitrogen in the soil, leading to inadequate nutrient levels for crops. This can result in reduced crop productivity, stunted growth, and lower yields. To solve this problem of farmers that are facing leaching of Nitrogen due to direct apply of inorganic fertilizers in granule form for that use of Nano Urea can help in reducing leaching and get maximum yield. Use of different level of Nano Urea on crop and analyzing the effect of nano urea on soil physical as well as chemical properties of soil.

Response of Integrated Nutrients on Soil Health and Yield Attributes of Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) cv. Neelam

An experiment was conducted during Zaid season 2022 to study “Response of integrated nutrients on soil health and yield attributes of Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) cv. Neelam” on central Research farm Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, SHUATS, Prayagraj. The design applied was randomized block design consisted nine treatment three @ NPK, Vermicompost and Zinc @ 0, 50 and 100%, respectively. The best treatment was T9 (@ 100% RDF + @ 100% ZnSO4 + Vermicompost @ 10 t ha-1) has effect on physical and chemical property of soil and yield of cluster bean. The data observed in post-harvest soil were significantly increased maximum values of percentage pore space (46.533%), water holding capacity (41.103%), organic carbon (0.56%), Nitrogen (328.32 kg ha-1), Phosphorus (20.270 kg ha-1) and Potassium (234.893 kg ha-1). Plant height at different days 30, 60 and 90 DAS was (23.03, 54.22 and 121.86 cm), No. of leaves per plant at different days 30, 60 and 90 DAS was (29.11, 47.74 and 82.60) Pod length (14.11), number of cluster plant-1 (6.47), number of pods cluster-1 (7.47), number of pods per plant (48.35), number of seed pods (9.76), pod weight (2.35 g). The combination of T9 (@ 100% RDF + @ 100% ZnSO4 + Vermicompost @ 10 t ha-1) showed slight decrease in pH (7.250), bulk density (1.172 Mg m-3) and particle density (2.228 Mg m-3) The maximum cost benefit ratio (C: B) 1:2.67, maximum gross return 750900.00, Rs ha-1 maximum net profit 469604.00 Rs ha-1, and highest yield with 25.03 q ha-1 in T9 (@ 100% RDF+ @ 100% ZnSO4 + Vermicompost @ 10 t ha-1).

Response of Different Levels of NPK and FYM on Growth and Yield of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) var. Neelam-61

Today, with the advancement of environment pollution and health that is obtained from the improper use of inorganic fertilizer, production and use of organic fertilizer is considered as an important approach in the field of soil science in the world’s interest to investors. A research was conducted during Zaid season 2022 on central research farm of department of soil science and agricultural chemistry, (NAI) SHUATS, Prayagraj. Field trial was designed on Randomized Block Design with three replications and nine treatments. It may be concluded from the trial that the different level of NPK and FYM in the experiment gave the highest value. The best results were obtained with T9 treatment which included (N20P40K40 kg ha-1 + FYM10 t ha-1). This treatment resulted in the maximum plants height with the most leaves, no. of clusters plant-1, no. of pod cluster-1, no of pod plant-1, length of pod (cm) and highest pod yield. In contrast, the control treatment (T1) had the lowest results in all categories. The available NPK and FYM with the treatment combination of T9 (N20P40K40 kg ha-1 + FYM10 t ha-1) was found to be the best for the improvement of growth and yield of cluster bean. Therefore, farmers of Prayagraj region can adopt this combination to give the highest yield of cluster bean.

Management of Powdery Mildew in Cluster Bean using Fungicides, Botanicals and Bioagents

Background: Cluster bean crop is affected by various biotic and abiotic stresses which are responsible for its poor quality and low yield resulting in severe economic losses. Among the foliar diseases, powdery mildew caused by Leveillula taurica is an important disease causing the yield losses ranging from 50-55 per cent. So, there is a need to formulate suitable management practices against powdery mildew. Methods: Field experiment was laid-out in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad to determine the efficacy of economically viable and effective fungicides, botanical and bioagent against powdery mildew of cluster bean. Observation on intensity of disease was recorded using 0-9 scale. The per cent disease index and yield per hectare were taken into consideration for statistical analysis. Result: Among the thirteen combinations, two sprays of hexaconazole @ 0.1 per cent was found to be statistically significant in reducing the disease severity (11.75%) and enhancing pod yield (138.46%) upto 6.20 t ha-1 with C: B ratio of 1:3.23. The combined application of nimbecidine and Bacillus subtilis also showed significant impact on disease reduction as well as on yield of cluster bean. Relatively, the chemical, hexaconazole gave a higher benefit with minimum production cost and this approach is proposed to the cluster bean growing farmers to mitigate the powdery mildew.

EFFECT OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL AND CLUSTER BEAN

An experiment was conducted during Kharif season (July – October) 2021 on crop research farm Department of Soil Science & Agricultural chemistry at SHUATS. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design having three levels of Neem Cake @ 0%, 50%, 100% and three levels of Biofertilizer (Rhizobium) @ 0%, 50% and 100% respectively. The results show that the application of different levels combination of Neem Cake and Biofertilizer increased growth, the yield of cluster bean and improved soil chemical properties. However, some parameters of soil’s physical properties decreased. It was recorded from the application of Neem Cake and Biofertilizer (Rhizobium) treatment T9[ NC @ 100% + R @ 100%] maximum Bulk density 1.177 Mg m-3 at 0-15 cm and 1.382 Mg m-3 at 15-30 cm, Particle density 2.145 Mg m-3 at 0-15 cm and 2.410 Mg m-3 at 15-30 cm, % pore space 45.11% at 0-15 cm and 42.66% at 15-30 cm, Water holding Capacity 59.09 % in 0-15 cm and 48.44 % at 15-30 cm, pH 7.25 at 0-15 cm and 7.46 at 15-30 cm, EC 0.260 dSm-1 at 0-15 cm and 0.230 dSm-1 at 15-30 cm, % Organic Carbon 0.615 % at 0-15 cm and 0.464 % at 15-30 cm, Available Nitrogen 215.12 kg ha-1 at 0-15 cm and 286.90 at 15-30 cm kg ha-1, Available Phosphorus 30.72 kg ha-1 at 0-15 cm and 28.35 kg ha-1 at 15-30 cm, Available Potassium 232.55 kg ha-1 at 0-15 cm and 196.10 kg ha-1 at 15-30 cm.

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Plant Growth and Pod Yield of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) cv. MDU 1

An experiment was carried out in departmental field of Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during April to July 2021 on Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) cv. MDU 1 to find out the best suitable combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers for better vegetative growth and yield of cluster bean. The experiment include organic manures like FYM, Poultry Manure, Vermicompost, Goat Manure which were combined in different percentages with reduced dosage of inorganic fertilizers i.e RDF. Twelve treatment combinations were made and replicated thrice in Randomized Block Design. Application of fertilizers and manures was done as per the treatment allocation. The experimental results revealed that treatment T3-75%RDF 18.75:37.5:37.5kg NPK +25%vermicompost 1.25t (5.66) took the minimum number of days to germinate, while vegetative parameters like plant height were recorded maximum in treatment T4-75% RDF 18.75:37.5:37.5 kg NPK+25% Poultry manure 1.25t during the first 30 DAS, later at 60 and 90 DAS treatment T10-50%RDF 12.5:25:25kg NPK +25%FYM 2.5t+25%poultry manure 1.25t was recorded with maximum height (67.04 and 119.09 cm) and maximum no of branches (22.05), first flower bud formation was observed in treatment T3 (33.44 DAS), and yield parameters such as pod yield per plant (265.95 g), total Pod yield (17.72 t/ha), were also recorded significantly maximum in treatment T10.

Akdeniz Koşullarında Sakız Fasulyesinde Tane Verimi için Seleksiyon Kriterlerinin Belirlenmesi

Due to its versatile usage area, cluster bean is one of the crops on which many adaptation studies have been carried out in different countries in recent years. This research was conducted to determine selection criteria to increase the grain yield in the different locations of the Mediterranean climate in Turkey. The research was established in four different locations with nine cluster bean genotypes with three replications in a 9x10 rectangular lattice experimental design. Seventeen quantitative traits were examined. Correlation, factor, biplot, regression, and path analysis were used to create selection criteria to select genotypes with high grain yields in cluster beans. According to correlation analysis, there were positive and significant correlations between grain yield and number of pods per plant (NPP), the number of seeds per plant (NSP), grain yield per plant (GYP), number of clusters per plant (NCP), the 45th-day of plant height (45PH), 90th-day of plant height (90PH). Significant negative correlations were found between grain yield and pod width (WP), pod length (LP), and the number of grains per pod (NGP). According to the results of both factor and biplot analysis, seventeen traits were reduced to four factors, and factors explained 78.25% of the total variation. The most important factor group was composed of NPP, GY, NSP, NCP, and GYP with an explanation rate of 38.81%. Path analysis explained 76% of the grain yield. This method showed that the plant grain yield (P = 0.81) and the number of clusters in the plant (P = 0.25) had the highest direct effect on grain yield. Regression analysis results were also like path analysis. In the regression analysis were grain yield was the dependent variable, the plant grain yield (10.811) and the number of clusters in the plant (3.11) had the highest B value. The total disclosure rate of these two traits in Collinearity statistics was 93%. The results of all methods indicated that in the breeding programs to be established to increase the grain yield of cluster bean in the Mediterranean climate, selection on the seed yield of the plant and the number of pods in the cluster directly, according to the number of clusters in the plant indirectly will enable the breeders to reach their goals.

Influence of Tillage, Herbicide and Planting Delay on Nutrient Status and Yield of Cluster Bean as Replacement Crop Following Pearl Millet Stand Failure

Background: Cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.], with vernacular name of Guar, is annual, economically important and drought-hardy legume (Mondal and Gera, 2020) salinity tolerant grown under semiarid and subtropical regions. It is cultivated under both irrigated and rainfed condition in India (Rathod et al. 2020). India is its major producer, accounting for 80% of world’s total production (Meena et al., 2018). Cluster bean is grown in India on 5.60 Mha and produces of 2.82 million tonnes with a low national average yield of merely 504 kg/ha (Anonymous, 2019). Methods: The experiments were conducted at the Agronomy Farm, College of Agriculture, SK Rajasthan Agricultural University (SKRAU), Bikaner during kharif seasons of 2018 and 2019. The Farm is situated on Bikaner - Sriganganagar road situated at 28°4’21" NL latitude and 73°20’17" EL longitude with an altitude of 234.7 meters above the mean sea level. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design in three factors with 32 treatments comprising four tillage, two herbicide and four planting delay treatments. Statistical analysis by using STAR (R-Packages 1.5 STAR 2.0.) (Statistical Tool for Agricultural Research), software developed by Department of Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology, IRRI (International Rice Research Institute), Manila, Phillipines. Result: The disc plough (T2), control (H0) and early planting P1 (July 10) significantly increased N, P, K, total nutrient uptake and partial nutrient balance (PBN) than other treatments. All the interactions were found significant in nutrient of cluster bean. The seed and straw yield of cluster bean was found significantly higher in disc plough (T2), control (H0) and early planting P1 (July 10) compared to other treatments of pooled basis. The interactions were found significant between tillage × herbicide × planting delay in yield of cluster bean.

Effect of spacing and foliar spray of micronutrients on growth and yield of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.)

An experiment was conducted, with a view to study the effect of spacing and foliar spray of micronutrient on growth and yield characters on cluster bean. Among levels of spacing, S3 (45 cm × 30 cm) was found best in fresh weight, dry weight, number of clusters plant-1, number of pods cluster-1, number of pods plant-1, total yield plant-1, pod yield ha-1. However, S1 (45 cm × 20 cm) level of spacing gave maximum plant height and stem diameter. Foliar spray of 0.5% FeSO4 + 0.5% ZnSO4 showed maximum stem diameter at 90 DAS, fresh weight of plant (148.64 g), number of clusters plant-1, number of pods cluster-1, number of pods plant-1, total pod yield plant-1, respectively. The treatment combination S3F3 {(45 cm × 30 cm) + (0.5% FeSO4 + 0.5% ZnSO4)} showed significantly maximum number of pods plant-1, pod yield plant-1 and hectare-1.

Effect of foliar application of nutrients on growth and yield of clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub

A research experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2017 at College of Agriculture, Research farm Gwalior (M.P.) under Department of Agronomy. On the basis of results obtained the treatment neem coated urea 2% + salicylic acid 75 ppm spray at flower initiation gave significantly higher seed yield (2685 kg/ha), net monetary return (‘1818103/ha), BCR (6.21) and harvest index (29.23%) as compared to other treatments but at par with treatment neem coated urea 2% spray at flower initiation, NPK (19 : 19 : 19) 2% spray at flower initiation and TNAU pulse wonder 5 kg/ha at flower initiation.

Genetic variation studies among physiological characters in Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) under rainfed condition of Jaisalmer district Rajasthan, India

The multiple plant traits associated with drought were assessed in 21 genotypes of cluster bean including check RGC-936 for their contribution to rainfed adaptation of the genotypes. All the assessed traits showed significantly different genotypic responses under rainfed conditions. Clusterbean genotypes showed wide range of variability for most of the characters and all the traits exhibited broad spectrum of ranges during both years. Total sugar content, specific leaf area at 30 and 45 DAS, number of branches plant-1, number of clusters plant-1, number of pods cluster-1 and seed yield plant-1 showed high genotypic (Vg) and phenotypic (Vp) variances. The high estimates of heritability coupled with high values of genetic advance over mean (GAM) were observed for the characters such as total sugar content, specific leaf area at 45 DAS, clusters plant-1 and seed yield plant-1 indicates predominance of additive component for these traits and hence direct selection would be more effective in improving these traits. Correlation study revealed that number of clusters plant-1 (0.81**, 0.84**), number of pods cluster-1 (0.69**, 0.86**), pod dry weight (0.99**, 0.67**) showed positive significant correlation with seed yield plant-1 during both the years which indicates strong association of these characters with seed yield plant-1. On the basis of above findings, it can be concluded that the characters like, number of clusters plant-1, number of pods cluster-1, showed positive significant correlation with seed yield plant-1. Thus, these traits may be considered as effective parameters of selection to increase seed yield of clusterbean under rainfed situation of Jaisalmer.