Yield Of Chili Pepper Research Articles

Genotype by Environment Interaction and Stability Analysis for Yield of Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in East Hararghe, Ethiopia

Genotype by Environment Interaction and Stability Analysis for Yield of Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in East Hararghe, Ethiopia

Correlation between growth and yield of chili pepper cultivated in histisols

Correlations between plant traits is commonly applied in selection to increase effectiveness, and the path analysis can separate them into direct and indirect impacts. This research studied the closeness of the relationships between characters and decomposed it into a direct and indirect relationship between 14 chili genotypes on peat soils. This research was conducted from June 2022 to October 2022 in an agricultural zone station, University of Bengkulu. The soil used is peat soil. A randomized completely block design with three replications of 14 chili genotypes treatment was used to evaluate the study. Each genotype was planted in beds, with 2 genotypes and 20 plants per genotype. Observational data were then analyzed statistically using the correlation formula followed by significant and cross-finding tests using Microsoft Excel. The results showed that the growth characteristics and yield components such as plant height, leaf width, number of primary branches, number of primary branches, number of dichotomies, and number of fruits per plant were positively correlated with chili pepper yields. The determining characteristics for high chili yield on peatland were the number of fruits per plant, the number of dichotomies and the width of the leaves.

Enhancing chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) resistance and yield against powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica) with beneficial bacteria

BackgroundLeveillula taurica is an obligate pathogen that causes powdery mildew on chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) which is considered one of the most serious diseases for the crop.ResultsLeveillula taurica was isolated from infected pepper plants in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. Pathogenicity test was performed, and it was found that the pathogen can cause the symptoms of powdery mildew on the pepper plant. Under greenhouse conditions, treatment with Bacillus thuringiensis MW740161.1, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Bacillus subtilis cultures resulted in a significant reduction in conidial germination of the pathogen (69.07, 29.55, and 19.58%, respectively). Spraying chili pepper plants with the microorganisms effectively reduced the powdery mildew's disease severity. Also, treatment with the bacterial strains resulted in a significant (P 0.05%) increase in the yield of chili pepper. Based on the findings, it appears that the use of B. thuringiensis, as foliar spraying, significantly induced resistance of chili pepper plants against L. taurica and stimulated many biochemical functions in the plant. Also, it increased the crop yield compared to all other treatments.ConclusionsThis study recommends B. thuringiensis as a viable alternative to harmful pesticides, and it is feasible to formulate an appropriate fungicide for the sustainable green production of chili peppers. The B. thuringiensis can increase the resistance of chili pepper plant to L. taurica the causal pathogen of powdery mildew.

Evaluation of guajillo and chile de árbol peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) in a hydroponic greenhouse system

Objective: To evaluate the yield of guajillo pepper (CHG) and chile de árbol pepper (CHA) grown in containers with coconut fiber substrate in a hydroponic greenhouse system.Methodology: Four types of chili peppers were tested: two CHG and two CHA peppers. The CHG peppers with seeds were from two growing areas in the state of San Luis Potosí (SLP), located in the Altiplano Central (high plateau region) of Mexico: one from Las Colonias, Salinas, and the other from El Barril, Villa de Ramos. The CHA pepperswere obtained in Yahualica, Jalisco: one in El Salto Verde (CHA-SaltoVerde) and the other in El Faro (CHA-Faro). The chili peppers were established in a hydroponic system with two types of containers (pots (SHM) and slabs (SHB)), in both of which coconut fiber (coir) was used as a substrate. The experimental design was completelyrandomized with three repetitions and the comparison of means was made with the Tukey test (p<0.05).Results: Significant differences were observed between chile de árbol and guajillo peppers grown in SHM regarding the following variables: plant height and number of leaves, flowers, and peppers. Chile de árbol peppers recorded the highest values for the four variables. There were also significant differences between the chile de árbol and the guajillo peppers regarding the fresh weight and dry weight variables, but, in this case, the guajillo peppers had the highest values. The highest dry weight value (g plant -1 ) was obtained by CHG-Barril (1,094 g plant -1 ), followed by CHG-Colonias (866 g plant -1); meanwhile, the lowest values were recorded for CHA-Faro and CHA-SaltoVerde chile de árbol peppers (819 and 258 g plant -1 , respectively). The same pattern was observed in the SHB, with significant differences between the chile de árbol —which had the highest values— and guajillo peppers for the following variables: plant height, number ofleaves, flowers, and peppers. There were also significant differences in terms of fresh weight between chile de árbol and guajillo peppers, with the latter recording higher values. Finally, CHG-Colonias and CHA-SaltoVerde showed the highest dry weight values with 633 and 595 g plant -1 , respectively. Although there were no significant differences between them, there were significant differences with respect to CHG-Barril and CHA-Faro (524 and 483 g plant -1 , respectively).Study Limitations/Implications: The present study has no major limitations.Conclusions: In general, a better dry yield of chili pepper was obtained with guajillo peppers produced in a pot system. Hydroponic systems in pots and slabs, using a coir substrate, are an alternative in protected agriculture for the production of guajillo and chile de árbol peppers.

Effect of harvesting time on the vitamin C content and yield of chili pepper

For thousands of years, chili pepper has been used in cooking intensifying the aroma, colouring, and even flavouring with its pungency. Today ,it is also of interest for the various food and pharmaceutical industries due to its intrinsic characteristics. These characteristics of pepper and its yield can be affected by both the variety and the temperature fluctuation throughout the harvest period. The current work's objective was to investigate the effect of harvest time on vitamin C of different varieties of chili pepper C. frutescens and C. annuum cultivated in Hungary, as well as the yield of pepper in different harvesting periods. Vitamin C was determined by HPLC protocols. The differences between harvest times and varieties were analysed using Tukey post hoc test at 5%. All varieties showed fluctuation of vitamin C level, depending on the given harvest date. At the last harvest, all varieties had higher vitamin C content. All varieties had the same yield trend throughout the year but with different yields between each. Variety Hetényi Parázs had the highest vitamin C content and yield: 3720.53 µg g-1 vitamin C and 18.63 t ha-1 average yield, respectively.

Effect of Decapitation on the Growth and Yield of Pepper (Capsicum annuum l.) in Obio Akpa, Akwa Ibom State

A screen house study was conducted at the Akwa Ibom State University Obio Akpa Campus Teaching and Research Farm, between the month of November -April 2022, to determine the effect of decapitation on the growth and yield of chili pepper (Capsicum annum L.). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design and replicated three times. The treatments were different times of decapitation (10, 20, 30, and 40 days) after transplanting (DAT) and a control (no decapitation). Data collected were plant height (cm), leaf area (cm2 ), number of branches, stem girth (cm), number of fruits, fruit circumference (cm), fruit length (cm) and fruit yield (t/ha). Results showed significant differences in plant height, number of branches per plant, and fresh fruit yield. Pepper decapitated at 10 DAT gave the highest yield (19.24 t/ha), while the least fresh fruit yield was recorded at 40 DAT (10.72 t/ha). The result of this study indicates that decapitation at 10 DAT may increase the pepper fruit yield in the Obio Akpa farming community.

Effect of Spraying Mineral Fertilizer and Sorbitol Sugar on Growth and Yield of Capsicum frutescens L.

This experiment was carried out in order to study the effect of Mineral fertilizer and Sorbitol Sugar on the growth, and yield produced by chili pepper plant Barbarian F1, A factorial experiment with two factors, Mineral Fertilizer concentration 0, 0.5, 1, 1.25 and 1.5 g L-1 and Sorbitol Sugar 0 and 10 g L-1 was used in the term of (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed significant superiority of Mineral Fertilizer at 1.5 ml-1 in the plant height (59.62 cm plant-1 ), number of main branches plant-1 (5.600 branch plant-1), total leaf area (21.100 dm2 plant-1), number of fruits plant (88.25 fruit plant-1). One plant yield (0.718 kg plant-1) and total yield (23.94 tons hectare-1). The result also showed a significant increase of Sorbitol sugar in concentration 10 g L-1 in the plant height, number of branches1, total leaf area by balance, number of fruits, (58.63cm, 5.493 branch plants-1, 21.98dm2, 84.78 fruit plant-1, 0.685 kg plant-1, and 23.03 ton hectare-1 respectively). The interaction indicated that both variables were significant for all the studied traits, indicated that the response of pepper to the first variable is related to the second one. Thus, the research has concluded that the Interaction of variables, mineral fertilizer (1.5 g L-1) and Sorbitol Sugar 10 g l-1 has a great combination to increase the growth and the yield of chili pepper.

Combining humic acid with NPK fertilizer improved growth and yield of chili pepper in dry season

This research aimed to study the effect of humic acid and NPK fertilizer (15:15:15) on growth and yield of red chili, and to obtain the most suitable composition of humic acid and NPK fertilizer which gave the best growth and yield. The study used a randomized block design with five replications. The treatments tested were the composition of humic acid and NPK fertilizer: 100% humic acid; 75% humic acid + 25% NPK; 50% humic acid + 50% NPK; 25% humic acid + 75% NPK; and 100% NPK. Data on plant growth and yield were processed by Analysis of Variance, and means were compared using Fisher’s Least Significant Difference test. In addition, data on plant biochemical and soil chemical parameters were determined compositely by mixing leaves taken from sample plants or soil samples into one homogenous sample. Results showed that there was no significant difference in growth and yield of plants treated with 100% humic acid in comparison with those plants treated with 100% NPK. However, in comparison with 100% humic acid, the application of different ratios of humic acid/NPK increased plant chlorophyll contents by 65% - 82% and total sugar by 28% - 71%. The application of humic acid/NPK increased soil fertility by improving soil pH as well as N, P and K. In the combination of humic acid/NPK, the best growth and yield were obtained with the application of 25% humic acid + 75% NPK fertilizers. Therefore, for the sustainability of chili cultivation, the use of humic acid needs to be accompanied with NPK fertilizers at a reduced amount, along with the increase in the dose of humic acid.

Tailored Bioactive Compost from Agri-Waste Improves the Growth and Yield of Chili Pepper and Tomato.

An extensive use of chemical fertilizers has posed a serious impact on food and environmental quality and sustainability. As the organic and biofertilizers can satisfactorily fulfill the crop’s nutritional requirement, the plants require less chemical fertilizer application; hence, the food is low in chemical residues and environment is less polluted. The agriculture crop residues, being a rich source of nutrients, can be used to feed the soil and crops after composting and is a practicable approach to sustainable waste management and organic agriculture instead of open-field burning of crop residues. This study demonstrates a feasible strategy to convert the wheat and rice plant residues into composted organic fertilizer and subsequent enrichment with plant-beneficial bacteria. The bioactive compost was then tested in a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments for validating its role in growing organic vegetables. The compost was enriched with a blend of micronutrients, such as zinc, magnesium, and iron, and a multi-trait bacterial consortium AAP (Azospirillum, Arthrobacter, and Pseudomonas spp.). The bacterial consortium AAP showed survival up to 180 days post-inoculation while maintaining their PGP traits. Field emission scanning electron microscopic analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of bioactive compost further elaborated the morphology and confirmed the PGPR survival and distribution. Plant inoculation of this bioactive compost showed significant improvement in the growth and yield of chilies and tomato without any additional chemical fertilizer yielding a high value to cost ratio. An increase of ≈35% in chlorophyll contents, ≈25% in biomass, and ≈75% in yield was observed in chilies and tomatoes. The increase in N was 18.7 and 25%, while in P contents were 18.5 and 19% in chilies and tomatoes, respectively. The application of bioactive compost significantly stimulated the bacterial population as well as the phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities of soil. These results suggest that bioactive compost can serve as a source of bioorganic fertilizer to get maximum benefits regarding vegetable yield, soil quality, and fertilizer saving with the anticipated application for other food crops. It is a possible win-win situation for environmental sustainability and food security.

Resistance Analysis of CRISPR/Cas9 Genome-Edited Chili M2 Mutant Lines against Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Viral Disease

<p>Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PepYLCV) infection transmitted by silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci [Gennadius]) can decrease chili pepper yield up to 100%. At this moment, there is no chili pepper variety resistant to PepYLCV available. Genome editing approach through CRISPR/Cas9 is an effort to develop variety resistance to the viral infection. The purpose of this study was to obtain M2 lines developed by CRISPR/Cas9 system on proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) gene for resistance to PepYLCV. A total of four M2 lines (C47-7, L84-2, L84-23, and L120-19) consisting of 60 chili plants were tested for their resistance to PepYLCV. PCR analysis was performed to detect the presence (infection) of the virus. The results showed that a total of 35 plants derived from the four lines were resistant to PepYLCV. They consisted of 7 plants from C47-7 line, 11 plants from L84-2 line, 9 plants from L84-23 line, and 8 plants from L120-19 line. PCR analysis confirmed that the resistant plants obtained from this study were negatively infected by the virus. Since not all tested plants were resistant to virus infection, the PCNA gene allele in these resistant lines were most likely heterozigotes. Sequencing of PCNA gene of the resistant lines is needed to confirm that the resistance phenotypes obtained was due to mutation of the gene. Therefore, further selection needs to be performed to obtain stable and PepYLCV-resistant lines.</p>

Application of coffee husk compost and EM4 on growth and yield of chili pepper (Capsicum Frutescens L.)

This research is intended to comprehend the effect of using waste from coffee husk and EM4 concentration on the growth and yield of chili pepper plants with two factors and repeating 3 times. The research starts from October 2018 to January 2019 by using a factorial randomized block design (RBD), which consisted of two factors namely: The factor of coffee husk waste (K) consisting of 4 levels, while the factor of EM4 concentration consist 4 levels. The research results prove that the waste of coffee husk has a significant impact on the number of productive branches, the number of fruits per plant, and fruit weight per plot. It significantly affects plant height at 45 days after planting (DAP) and stems diameter at 45 days after planting (DAP). The best treatment of coffee husk compost is found in K3 treatment (30 ton/ha). The treatment of EM4 concentration has a good effect on the number of productive branches, the number of fruits per plant, and fruit weight per plot. The best EM4 concentration treatment is found in the B3 treatment (15 mL/L water). The interaction between the coffee husk waste and the EM4 concentration confirms a significant effect on fruit weight per plot. The finest interaction is found in the compost of coffee husk waste 30 ton/ha with a concentration of EM4 15 mL/L water.

Chili Pepper Cultivation Using Several Spacings Intercropped with Immature Oil Palm

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) belong to the Arecaceae family, is economically valuable for oil production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of immature oil palm intercropped with red chili pepper and to evaluate the best spacing for red chilli cultivation between immature oil palm. The study was conducted in Rimba Jaya Village, Air Kumbang District, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra. The study began in October 2017 until February 2018. The design used for the red chili pepper cultivation was a one-factor Randomized Block Design. Spacing used as treatments, namely: (M1 = 50 x 50 cm ; M2 = 60 x 60 cm ; M3 = 70 x 70 cm). Treatments were placed in 5 groups. The results showed that plant height, stem diameter, canopy diameter and the greenness level of palm oil leaves did not affect by the presence of red chili pepper. While spacing of 50 x 50 cm provided a positive response to the growth and yield of chili pepper. The highest yield of red chili was 10.41 kg produced in 50 x 50 cm spacing.

Manipulation of chili plant architecture to enhance productivity and pests control

Pruning of chili pepper caused changes in the plant architecture affecting the management practices, both resulted in greater fruit production and controlled pest population. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of different pruning systems on yield and pests abundance in chili pepper (cv. Mega Top F1). The experiment was conducted in a farmer’s field at Banyuresmi District, Garut, West Java (850 m asl) from June, 2018 to January, 2019. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The treatments consists of five pruning treatments including a control where no plants were pruned. The results showed that different type of pruning affected growth, yield and pests abudance on chili. Treatments with two branches remaining and shoot pruning/pinching in the nursery significantly affected the plant growth with maximum yield (16.47 tonha−1). Pruning significantly affected fruit yield from 19.87 - 30.92% and reduced the population of several pests, such as T. parvispinus, B. tabaci and S. litura up to 13.33 – 88.01%. Pruning induced the plants to have wider architecture and this could be practiced to increase the quality yield of chili pepper.

Influence of biostimulants and media compositions on growth and yield of Capsicum annuum L. under drought stress conditions

The study was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Agricultural Faculty, University of Jambi, Indonesia, from April through to September 2019. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of biostimulants and media compositions on the growth and yield of chili pepper during restricted soil water content. The study was arranged in a split plot design with 3 replicates (groups). Different types of biostimulants (Citorin®, Hantu®, and a control) were designated as main plot, whereas media compositions (2:2:1, 2:1:1, 1:2:1 and 1:1:2) made of soil+trichocompost+rice husk charcoal were employed as sub plot. At the time of transplanting, soil water content was set to approximately 75% of field capacity to create stress conditions. The results showed that the proper choice of biostimulant and medium composition could increase nutrient status, total sugar and chlorophyll contents, and reduce proline level in plants grown under restricted water availability. Citorin® application on chili plants grown on organic media (soil+trichocompost+rice husk charcoal) with ratio of 2:1:1 could be recommended to support plant growth and production under drought stress conditions.

The effect of pruning type on old seedling of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants to the growth and yield

This research aimed to determine the effect of the pruning type to old seedling of chili plants to the growth and yield. The research was conducted from April until August 2019 at Syiah Kuala District, Banda Aceh. The research was designed as a non-factorial randomized block design with four levels of treatment and six replications. There were 72 units of polybags of research. Pruning types consist of four levels, namely control (no pruning), shoot pruning, root pruning, and combination of shoot and root pruning. The result indicates that pruning type had a very significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, number of fruit per plant, each fruit weight, weight of fruit per plant, and plant productivity, it also indicates a significant effect on the length of fruit. Better growth and yield of chili pepper are found in root pruned plant and control. The high fruit length and each fruit weight are found in shoot pruned and the combination of shoot and root pruned plant. The highest number of productive branches and diameter of fruit are found in combination of shoot and root pruned plant. The lowest percentage of virus symptomatic plants and early flowering is found in the control.

Aplikasi Bokashi Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) dan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula untuk Perbaikan Sifat Fisika Tanah Pasca Galian C dan Hasil Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum frustescens L.)

Tanah galian C yang memiliki sifat fisik, kimia dan biologi tanah kurang baik dilirik untuk digunakan sebagai alternatif budidaya tanaman sayuran, namun perlu mendapat masukan teknologi berupa penambahan bahan organik dan pemanfaatan FMA. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian bokashi eceng gondok dan FMA dalam perbaikan sifat fisik tanah hasil tanaman cabai rawit Varietas Dewata. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial 2 faktor. Faktor petama pemberian bokashi eceng gondok dengan 4 taraf; tanpa pemberian, 15 t ha-1, 20 t ha-1 dan 25 t ha-1. Faktor kedua pemberian FMA campuran sebanyak 3 taraf ; tanpa pemberian, 5 g polybag-1 dan 10 g polybag-1. Parameter yang diamati adalah bobot isi, porositas tanah, permeabilitas tanah, derajat infeksi, indeks panen, dan bobot basah buah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aplikasi bokashi dan FMA memperbaiki sifat fisik tanah (bobot isi, porositas tanah dan permeabilitas tanah), indeks panen, dan bobot basah buah. Pengaruh mandiri aplikasi bokashi terjadi pada jumlah klorofil, adapun terhadap derajat infeksi yang berpengaruh inokulasi FMA. Aplikasi bokashi eceng gondok 15 t ha-1 dan FMA 5 g dapat digunakan pada budidaya tanaman cabai pada tanah galian C.

The Effects of the Fertil Verde Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L) in Southern Algeria

A field experiment was conducted on a private farm in El Oued State of Algeria to study the efficiency of using Fertil Verde as a fertilizer by foliar spry on hot pepper seedlings. The treatment by Fertil Verde increased all growth. The increase was significant in the number of main and secondary stems, the size of the leaves, and the weight of the dry leaves. While, the weight of the wet leaves did not significantly increase. Moreover, the use of Fertil Verde has led to a significant increase in the yield qualities of the plant: the weight and shape of the fruits, fresh yield of the plant, the content of pigment, and the size of the plant. Thus, the combination of fertilizing is common and Fertil Verde is a promising low-cost option in the production of high yields.

The Effects of the Fertil Verde Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L) in Southern Algeria

The Effects of the Fertil Verde Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L) in Southern Algeria

Comparative effect of P source (cow dung and poultry manure) on the growth, development, and yield of chili pepper (capsicum frutenscens) in Kogi state, Nigeria

Comparative effect of P source (cow dung and poultry manure) on the growth, development, and yield of chili pepper (capsicum frutenscens) in Kogi state, Nigeria

Molecular and morphological characterization of EMS-induced chili pepper mutants resistant to Chili veinal mottle virus

Abstract. Manzila I, Priyatno TP, Nugroho K, Terryana RT, Lestari P, Hidayat SH. 2020. Molecular and morphological characterization of EMS-induced chili pepper mutants resistant to Chili veinal mottle virus. Biodiversitas 21: 1448-1457. Chili veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) is a major prevalent virus that potentially reduces the yield of chili pepper by more than 50% in Indonesia. Therefore, the development of a ChiVMV-resistant cultivar is necessary to ensure satisfactory chili pepper production. Mutation breeding is a promising tool available to produce virus-resistant plants via the induction of new alleles due to point mutations within the existing chili germplasm. This research was conducted to assess the genetic variation of ten promising (M6) EMS-induced mutant lines of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) potentially resistant to ChiVMV by their morphological characteristics and SSR profile, as well as identify potential mutants based on agronomic traits. The ten chili pepper mutant lines used in the present study were derived from the shoot tips of a Gelora cultivar treated with 0.5% ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) as a chemical mutagen. The performance of the respective promising chili pepper mutant lines both at a molecular and morphological level was observed. Phenotypic analysis showed that all the promising chili pepper mutant lines underwent significant morphological changes. Of these, the phenotype coefficient variation (PCV) values were higher than the genotype coefficient variation (GCV) values for all the traits observed. High heritability (h2) was found for the canopy area, length of the fruit stalk, fruit weight, fruit weight per plant, thick fruit flesh, leaf width, leaf length, and fruit storage duration. A total of 52 alleles were detected from the five polymorphic SSR loci with 5.2 average alleles/loci. A dendrogram was generated and revealed two groups with five mutants clustered separately from their parents which could be valuable for further improvement.