Yield Of Broccoli Research Articles

Assessment of Different Organic Manures on Yield of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica Plenck.) cv. KTS-1 under Bundelkhand Climatic Condition

Aims: The organic content in manure helps soil retain moisture, increases gas exchange, and introduces beneficial bacteria, loosens clayey soil, promoting root growth. Soil with a higher organic content is more resistant to erosion and produces superior crops. Using organic manure decreases farming's environmental impact. Unlike synthetic fertilizers, it recycles waste materials, nourishes the soil, and nurtures crops. Methods: This experiment was carried out during Rabi 2023-24 at the Organic Research farm Kargunwan ji, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Bundelkhand University Jhansi (Uttar Pradesh). Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italicaPlenck.) cv. KTS-1 was sown under randomized block design (RBD) with 11 treatment viz., Control, Vermicompost 100%, Cow litter 100%, Pressmud 100%, Vermicompost 75%, Cow litter 75%, Pressmud 75%, Vermicompost 50%+Cow litter 50%, Cow litter 50%+Press mud 50%, Pressmud 50%+Vermi 50%, Pressmud 33%+Cow litter 33%+Vermi 33% with 3 replication accommodating spacing (60 × 45) cm2,plot size (2.4 × 1.8) m = 4.32 m2 with total gross experimental area of (23.5 x 9.6) m = 225.06 m2. Results: Results shows thatat harvest, treatment T10 took to the minimum curd initiation at 53.10 days, compared to the control plot at 68.07 days. Similarly, days to 50% curd initiation and maturity were also shorter in T10, at 67.03 days and 80.13 days, respectively, while the control plot took (78.03 and 96.13) days. Ttreatment T10 produced the largest curd diameter (14.78 cm) and weight (321.03 g), significantly surpassing the control plot (6.37) cm diameter and (138.43) g weight. Overall, T10 yielded (321.03) q/ha, markedly higher than the control plot (138.43) q/ha, demonstrating significant improvements in broccoli yield and quality. Conclusion: The results clearly revealed that the application of organic treatments, particularly T10 (Pressmud 33% + Cow litter 3% + Vermi 33%), significantly enhanced the yield and quality of broccoli. This treatment resulted in faster curd initiation and maturity, larger curd diameter, and increased curd weight compared to the control plot. The findings indicate that the strategic use of organic manure can optimize broccoli production, suggesting a viable approach for improving crop outcomes in sustainable agriculture.

Nutrient Uptake and Soil Nutrient Status as Influenced by Drip Fertigation Levels and Schedules in Broccoli

The experiment was carried out to study the effect of fertigation levels and schedules on growth and yield of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var italica) during the rabi season of 2021-22 involving 4 levels of fertilizer (75, 100 and 125 % RDF) along with one control (100 % RDF) through soil application and three fertigation scheduling (S1, S2 and S3) with three replications. The result of study revealed that higher fertigation of broccoli with balanced nutrition; better water and nutrient utilization gave significantly higher plant growth and yield and good quality of broccoli. In general, pooled mean revealed that application of 125 % RDF with fertigation schedule S2 :15 % NPK at transplanting to plant establishment, 1-10 DAT, 50 % NPK at curd initiation stage,11-35 DAT and 35 % NPK at curd development stage, 36-60 DAT recorded maximum NPK uptake in plant (kg/ha) and available NPK in soil (kg/ha).

Assessment of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and economics of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) Cv. Green star

Assessment of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and economics of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) Cv. Green star

Organic Nitrogen Nutrition Does Not Increase Glucosinolate Concentrations in Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica)

Concentrations of specific secondary metabolites can be higher in organically grown crops. This may be linked to organic nitrogen (N) nutrition that provides a gradual supply of N to crops over the growing season. This study examined whether organic N nutrition influenced the concentration of glucosinolates in broccoli crops. Nitrogen release patterns were determined from three synthetic (Rustica, 12% N; calcium nitrate, 15.5% N; urea, 46% N) and two organic fertilizers in an incubation experiment. Broccoli seedlings were then grown in two N dose response pot trials with different N source or application timing treatments to investigate growth and glucosinolate responses. Synthetic fertilizers released 84 to 89% of total N after 28 days, while chicken manure pellets and composted cow manure had only released 52% and 13% of total N, respectively, after 91 days. Broccoli yield and N content were generally higher in synthetic fertilizer treatments. Glucosinolate concentrations were generally higher in the synthetic fertilizer treatments, and only sinigrin and glucoiberin concentrations in the 800 kg ha−1 N application rate of organic fertilizer matched those in the corresponding synthetic fertilizer treatment. Broccoli head weight was reduced when N was applied fortnightly compared to basal and weekly N applications, but glucosinolate concentrations were not significantly different. Overall, there was no evidence that organic (chicken manure) N nutrition, or the rate of N supply to broccoli plants, affect glucosinolate concentrations.

Effect of GA3, NAA and Ethrel on plant growth and yield of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)

Effect of GA3, NAA and Ethrel on plant growth and yield of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)

Effect of different sources of organic manures on growth and yield of Broccoli

Indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers is a common practice that is hazardous both for soil health and the environment. It has been more than three decades that global agriculture has been depicted towards organic agriculture owing to sustainability and reduced environmental effects. An experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications to study the effect of different sources of organic nutrients on growth and yield of broccoli. The experiment consisted of five different sources of manures; control (no manure), cowdung (25 t/ha), Trichoderma compost (10 t/ha), vermicompost (12 t/ha) and poultry litter (14 t/ha) along with two cultivars of broccoli; ‘Imperial’ and ‘Premium Crop’. Different sources of manures and cultivars had significant influence on plant height, height up to curd, number of leaves per plant, length of leaf, breadth of leaf, plant canopy, diameter of curd, diameter of stem, weight of primary curd, number of secondary curds, weight of secondary curd, yield per plant, yield per unit plot and yield per hectare. The maximum yield (17.32 t/ha) was obtained from vermicompost, followed by poultry litter in ‘Premium Crop’ (15.68 t/ha) cultivar. The minimum yield (6.62 t/ha) was recorded by no manure in ‘Imperial’. Control treatment showed the lowest values for all the parameters studied. Combination of vermicompost and ‘Premium Crop’ cultivar was found the best among all other treatment combinations, including in respect of net return (Tk. 234099/ha) and BCR (3.08). Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 11, No. 2, August 2024: 197-204

The use of biofertilizer contribution to plant development and yield in greenhouse broccoli cultivation

In this study, the effects of chemical fertilizers and fertilizers containing microorganisms on broccoli yield were examined. It is aimed to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer by using microorganisms. Mundo F1 Broccoli variety was used as plant material. The research was established according to the randomized block trial design with 3 treatments and 3 replications, and 20 plants were used in each replication. Applications: 1. Control: 100% chemical fertilization (U1), 2. Treatment II: 70% chemical fertilization + Microorganisms (U2), 3. Treatment II: 100% chemical fertilization + Microorganisms (U3). The aim of the study is the effects of chemical fertilizers and microorganisms on plant growth and development; To examine the effect of plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and yield. It was concluded that the number of leaves, plant height and stem diameter generally increased in the plots where microorganisms were applied. When the results were evaluated in terms of yield compared to the control treatment, U2 treatment increased yield by 20% and U1 treatment increased yield by 15%.

Effect of Nano and non-Nano NPK Fertilizers on growth, Yield and Quality of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) Grown under Covered and Un Covered Conditions.

This study included the effects of two planting methods (plastic house and open field) or (covered and uncovered) conditions, three levels of nano NPK fertilizer (approximately 0, 3, 6 g.l-1 ) and three levels of non-nano NPK fertilizer(0, 3, 6 g.l-1 ) were included in this trial (2x3x3=18) with three replicate experimental units (54). Nano and non-nano NPK fertilizers sprayed plants after a week from transplanting and other spraying are donetwo times with an interval of 15 days between each spray.

The Impact of Mulches and Biofertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Broccoli (Brassica Oleracea L. Var. Italica): A Comprehensive Review

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is a widely cultivated vegetable known for its nutritional benefits and economic importance. In present years there has been a growing interest in sustainable agricultural practices which enhances the productivity while minimizing the environmental impacts. Mulching and biofertilization has become a promising and an impactful agro-technique to improve the soil health, nutrient availability and water retention. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of the mulches and biofertilizer on the growth and yield of broccoli. Various types of mulches including the organic (e.g. Straw, rice husk, saw dust etc.) and inorganic mulches (e.g. Plastic film) have been studied for their impact on soil temperature moderation, moisture conservation, suppression of weed and nutrient retention. Similarly, biofertilizers as Phosphorus Solubilising Bacteria, VAM, Azotobacter chroococcum, A. vinelandi, Derxia sp., B. megaterium, B. lichenformis, and Bacillus subtilis bacteria etc. have been investigated for their ability to enhance plant growth and yield. This review underscores the importance of integrated approaches that harness the synergistic benefits of mulches and biofertilizers to maximize the growth and yield of broccoli while minimizing environmental footprints in agriculture. Such strategies hold promises for advancing sustainable food production systems and meeting the challenges of global food security and climate changes.

Effect of organic nutrient management practices on growth, yield and quality of broccoli [Brassica oleracea (L.) var. italic] var. Green Magic

A experiment was carried out on the effect of organic nutrient management practices on growth and yield of Broccoli at Horticulture farm, Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Dabok, Udaipur from October 2022 to February 2023.The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design. Replicated thrice with 12 treatment combinations, comprising various combinations of organic nutrient (FYM, Neem cake Poultry Manure vermicompost and Jeevamrut spray). Results showed that among the treatment of organic nutrient management practices, application of T6 treatment (i.e. 75% RDN through Poultry Manure + Vermicompost and Jeevamrut spray @ 500 l/ha at 30, 40 and 60 days after transplanting), transplanting was observed that the maximum growth, yield and quality as compared to rest of treatments.The maximum plant height i.e. 20.13cm, 31.43cm and 52.37cm was, respectively observed on 30, 60 DAT, The maximum leaf length at harvest 43.17cm, The highest leaf width at harvest 34.73cm at 30, 40 and 60 days after transplanting), the minimum days taken to head formation 92.10 DAT was observed, The maximum polar diameter of head 16.63cm was recorded and the maximum equatorial diameter of head 18.63cm was recorded.The highest total soluble solid was 8.50 °Brix was found and maximum ascorbic acid was 93.18mg/100g.

Effect of Nano and non-Nano NPK Fertilizers on growth, Yield and Quality of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) Grown under Covered and Un Covered Conditions.

Effect of Nano and non-Nano NPK Fertilizers on growth, Yield and Quality of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) Grown under Covered and Un Covered Conditions.

Enhancing drought tolerance in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) through melatonin application: Physiological and biochemical insights into growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant defense mechanisms

Broccoli is a well-known and high-value vegetable crop for its abundance of antioxidants and minerals. Despite its popularity, its production faces significant challenges from various abiotic stressors, particularly drought stress. Melatonin a multifunctional molecule within plants modulates environmental stresses including drought stress. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the effect of melatonin application (0 and 100 μM) on broccoli under 100% field capacity (FC) (well-watered) and drought stress (50% field capacity). Foliar application of melatonin helped overcome drought-induced losses and enhanced plant height (23.72%), root length (43.47%), total chlorophyll contents (46%), carotenoids (60%) and yield (34.23%), glycine betaine (GB) (77.7%), whereas reducing the oxidative activities of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (20%) and leaf water potential (LWP) (33.35%) in broccoli plants. Antioxidant activities, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxide (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate (APX) were further enhanced under melatonin treatment with 28.53%, 26.10%, 35.26%, and 33.33% respectively. Melatonin application significantly increased gas exchange characteristics by increasing stomatal conductance. Pearson correlation matrix and biplot were developed for the determination of trait association and treatment performance. Exogenous melatonin application decreased the oxidative damage brought on by the drought and increased the yield of broccoli.

POT SIZE ON COLE CROPS PRODUCTIVITY IN ROOFTOP GARDENING

The experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2020–21 on rooftop of On-Farm Research Division (OFRD), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Bandarban station, to find out the influence of pot size for cultivating three popular cole crops in Bangladesh (broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage). Four pot sizes (8, 10, 12, and 14 inches) were used as treatments in this experiment, which followed a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The results showed a significant relationship between pot size and crop yield. Among all the pot sizes, the highest marketable yield of broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage was found from 14-inch pots (261.33 g, 925.33 g, and 1105 g), while 8-inch pots yielded the lowest for all three crops (74.67 g, 330.67 g, and 300 g) respectively. Interestingly, the cauliflower plants in the largest pots (14 inches) took the longest time to mature (61.33 days), while delayed curd formation in broccoli (54.67 days) and head formation in cabbage (66.33 days) was found in 8-inch pots. Overall, cole crops like broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage yielded more in larger pots (14-inch) compared to smaller pots.

Influence of Agro-Industrial Waste Composts on Soil Characteristics, Growth Dynamics, and Yield of Red Cabbage and Broccoli

In this work, environmentally sound technologies for converting organic wastes into fertilizers to improve soil sustainability and crop yield have been identified and assessed. Wet wastes were combined with 50% wood sawdust and 50% wet wastes (Compost 1) or (10% Straw + 90% wet wastes) (Compost 2) to produce soil improvers with a balanced level of nutrients, and their effectiveness on soil ecosystem functioning have been tested and compared to horse manure (HM) and nitrogen–phosphorous–potassium (NPK) fertilizers. Unfertilized soil was used as a control. Soil chemical and biological properties have been detected after the harvesting of broccoli and red cabbage (90 days from the initial treatments). Three independent experiments have been conducted in an open field in a randomized complete block design with three replications (n = 9). The results showed that Compost 1 had the highest C/N ratio and cation exchange capacity (CEC), indicating a better humification of the wet material. Compost 1, even if it contained a minor amount of organic carbon, as well as less activity of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and dehydrogenase (DHA) than Compost 2, was the most effective in improving soil quality, significantly increasing the labile fraction of organic matter, the oxidative enzyme (DHA), microbial biomass, and crop yield. Both composts increased crop productivity.

Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck.) Influenced by Plant Spacing and Varieties

Optimum plant spacing and availability of suitable high yielding cultivars may help the farmers to achieve more returns per unit area by efficient absorption of nutrients and trapping of solar energy. The effect of growing different varieties at various spacing under south Gujarat condition is not tested. Keeping this in view, the present investigation was planned to study during Rabi, 2019-20 at Vegetable Research Farm, Regional Horticultural Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India. There were nine treatment combinations comprising three levels of plant spacings i.e. S1: 30 cm × 30 cm, S2: 45 cm × 30 cm and S3: 45 cm × 45 cm as well as three varieties i.e. V1: Pusa KTS 1, V2: Palam Samridhi and V3: Ganesh Broccoli in a Randomized Block Design (Factorial) with three replications. The results of the study inferred that, maximum values for growth, yield and quality parameters were observed at wider spacing of 45 cm × 45 cm while maximum yield was obtained from closer spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm. Among the all varieties Palam Samridhi performed best and recorded highest values for growth, yield and quality parameters. Variety Palam Samridhi at closer spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm found best for securing higher yield (13.86 t ha-1) and higher BCR (1.91) ratio of broccoli.

Water requirement Assessment under drip micro-sprinkler & surface irrigation for broccoli yield

Water requirement Assessment under drip micro-sprinkler & surface irrigation for broccoli yield

Mitigation of water stress in broccoli by soil application of humic acid

The main challenge to plant productivity is water scarcity, which is predicted to get worse with climate change, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas. Humic acid could improve plant tolerance to mitigate drought damage, which is an effective strategy to improve crop production and agriculture sustainability under limited water conditions in these regions, but its effective application rates should also be established. Thus, two field experiments were carried out at the Qaha Vegetable Research Farm in Qalubia Governorate, Egypt, during the two seasons of 2020–21 and 2021–22 on clay soil. The present study investigated the effect of three rates of humic acid application (0, 4.8, and 9.6 kg ha-1) on growth, yield, and quality of broccoli cv. Montop F1 hybrid under well-watered and drought conditions. Drought was induced by missing alternate irrigation. Soluble humic acid as potassium-humate was applied three times with irrigation water at the time of the first three irrigations of drought treatment. Water-stressed plants had a decrease in growth, yield, leaf chlorophyll, and nutrient content, while they showed an increase in the contents of leaf proline and curd dry matter and total soluble solids as well as water use efficiency, in both seasons. Soil application of humic acid was effective in mitigating the adverse effects of water deficit stress on the growth and yield of broccoli. Water-stressed plants had the highest WUE value (9.32 and 9.36 kg m3−1 in the first and second seasons, respectively) when the maximal humic acid rate was applied. Humic acid at a high level (9.6 kg ha−1) had the most promising results and represents an opportunity that must be applied to improve broccoli yield and its production sustainability in arid and semiarid regions.

Effect of humic acid, calcium and poultry waste on growth and yield of broccoli

A field experiment aimed to investigate the effect of humic acid, calcium spraying on the plant and poultry waste on growth and yield of broccoli in Abu Ghraib area within the Horticultural Department during 2019 season. The study utilized a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Humic acid to the soil at two levels (0 and 40 L ha−1), poultry manure at two levels (0 and 12 Mg ha−1), nitrogen at 96 kg N ha−1, phosphorous at 184 kg P ha−1, potassium added at 100 kg K ha−1. Calcium sprayed on the plants in the form of CaCl2 and CaSO4 at two levels (0 and 10 g L−1). Results showed effects of humic acid, incorporating poultry manure, plant calcium spraying, their interactions, on N, P and K in flowering leaves number, and plant yield. Nitrogen concentration in the flowering tablets reached 3.04%, phosphorus concentration in the flowering tablets was 0.47%, and potassium concentration in the flowering discs was 3.23%. Additionally, there was a notable increase in leaves number per plant (41.47 leaf plant−1) and plant yield reached 30.07 Mg ha−1, representing a remarkable of 143.87% compared to control.

Effect of Different Organic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Broccoli (Brassica oleraceae var. italic)

The field experiment was conducted at Nabogram Agro Farm, Mannannagar, Sadar, Noakhali during the period from October 2020 to January 2021 to evaluate the effect of different organic fertilizers on the growth and yield of broccoli (Brassica oleraceae var. italica). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of five treatments with three replications. The five treatments were T0 (No manure), T1 (Cowdung 5 t ha-1), T2 (Trichocompost 5 t ha-1), T3 (Vermicompost 5 t ha-1), T4 (Cowdung 50% + Trichocompost 50%) and T5 (Cowdung 50% + Vermicompost 50%). Data were collected in respect of plant growth and yield indicating characters at harvest. All the recorded parameters were statistically significant. For 100% curd initiation, maximum time (61 days) was recorded from T0 (Control), while minimum days (55 days) were recorded from T2 (Trichocompost 5 t ha-1). At harvest, the maximum plant height (64.70 cm), leaf length (35.05 cm), leaf breadth (32.32 cm), number of leaves per plant (14.66), the weight of full plant (1158.27 g), the marketable weight of curd (496.67 g), individual curd weight (320.67 g), diameter of curd (13.432 cm), marketable yield (19.242 t ha-1) were found in treatment T5 (Cowdung 50% + Vermicompost 50%) whereas lowest data recorded from treatment T0 (Control). So it is observed that T5 (Cowdung 50% + Vermicompost 50%) provides the highest results which may be more economical for the farmer according to the findings of this experiment. Vol. 10, No. 3, December 2023: 237-245

Soil fertility, growth and yield of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) as influenced by integrated nutrient management practices

Soil fertility, growth and yield of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) as influenced by integrated nutrient management practices