Barley Crop Yield Research Articles

EFFECT OF INTERACTION BETWEEN DEPTHS AND SPEEDS OF PLOWING BY USING THE MOLDBOARD PLOW IN THE YIELD OF BARLEY CROP AND SOME FIELD PERFORMANCE CRITERIA.

A field study was conducted at Al-Mahalabia to study the effect of two plowing depths (15-20) cm, (20-25) cm and three plowing speeds (2.57, 3.31 and 5.63) km/hr by using the moldboard plow in the yield of barley crop (spikes number in the meter square, spike length, number of grains per spike, weight of grains per spike and grain yield) and some field performance criteria (practical speed, slippage percentage and practical productivity), Results showed that the effect of interaction between depths and speeds of plowing were significant in weight of grains per spike and grain yield while there were no significant differences concerning other studied characteristics.

The effects of solar ultraviolet‐B radiation on the growth and yield of barley are accompanied by increased DNA damage and antioxidant responses

There is limited information on the impacts of present‐day solar ultraviolet‐B radiation (UV‐B) on biomass and grain yield of field crops and on the mechanisms that confer tolerance to UV‐B radiation under field conditions. We investigated the effects of solar UV‐B on aspects of the biochemistry, growth and yield of barley crops using replicated field plots and two barley strains, a catalase (CAT)‐deficient mutant (RPr 79/4) and its wild‐type mother line (Maris Mink). Solar UV‐B reduced biomass accumulation and grain yield in both strains. The effects on crop biomass accumulation tended to be more severe in RPr 79/4 (≈ 32% reduction) than in the mother line (≈ 20% reduction). Solar UV‐B caused measurable DNA damage in leaf tissue, in spite of inducing a significant increase in UV‐absorbing sunscreens in the two lines. Maris Mink responded to solar UV‐B with increased CAT and ascorbate peroxidase (APx) activity. No effects of UV‐B on total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were detected. Compared with the wild type, RPr 79/4 had lower CAT activity, as expected, but higher APx activity. Neither of these activities increased in response to UV‐B in RPr 79/4. These results suggest that growth inhibition by solar UV‐B involves DNA damage and oxidative stress, and that constitutive and UV‐B‐induced antioxidant capacity may play an important role in UV‐B tolerance.

Irrigation management in arid areas affected by surface crust

The effects of supplemental irrigation and irrigation practices on soil water storage and barley crop yield were studied for a crust-forming soil at the University of Jordan Research Station near Al-Muwaqqar village during the 1996/97 growing season. An amount of 0.0, 48.9, 73.3, 122.2 and 167 mm supplemental irrigation water were applied. The 48.9, 73.3 and 122.2 mm applications were applied through surface irrigation into furrows with blocked ends, and the 0.0 and 167 mm applications via sprinkler irrigation. The greatest water infiltration and subsequent soil storage was achieved with the 122.2 mm application followed by the 73.3 mm irrigation, both surface applied. Application efficiency (the fraction of applied water that infiltrated into the soil and stored in the 600 mm soil profile) and soil water storage associated with supplemental blocked furrow irrigation was significantly greater than with supplemental sprinkler irrigation. For arid zone soil, which has little or no structural stability, application of supplemental irrigation water via short, blocked-end furrows prevents runoff and increases the opportunity time for infiltration, thereby increasing the amount of applied water that is infiltrated into the soil and stored in the soil profile. Supplemental irrigation, applied by a low-rate sprinkler system, was not as effective because of the low infiltration rates that resulted from the development of a surface throttle due to dispersion of soil aggregates at the soil surface. The differences in stored water had a significant effect on grain and straw yields of barley. Without supplemental irrigation, barley grain and straw yields were zero in natural rainfall cultivation with a total rainfall of 136.5 mm. Barley yields in the control treatment, with a 167 mm supplemental sprinkler irrigation were low being 0.19 and 1.09 ton/ha of barley grain and straw, respectively. Supplemental irrigation through blocked-end furrows increased barley grain and straw yields significantly compared with supplemental sprinkler irrigation to a maximum of 0.59 and 1.8 ton/ha, respectively. The improvement coming from the increased water storage associated with furrows. Since irrigation water is very limited if available, farmers are encouraged to form such furrows for reducing runoff from rainfall thereby increasing the amount of water available for forage and field crop production.

Effect of Different Irrigation Treatments on Growth and Yield of Barley Crop

Effect of Different Irrigation Treatments on Growth and Yield of Barley Crop

Nitrogen Accumulation and Residual Effects of Nitrogen Catch Crops

Abstract The nitrogen accumulation in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) and tansy phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia L.), under- or aftersown as nitrogen catch crops to spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and field pea (Pisum sativum L.), was studied in three field experiments. The effect of catch crop incorporation in the soil on the yield and N accumulation in succeeding crops was also investigated. An aftersown catch crop should be used for pea, since undersown ryegrasses reduced the pea yield. Undersown perennial ryegrass or an aftersown catch crop can be used for spring barley. The catch crops had accumulated up to 70 kg N ha-1 at the time of ploughdown in early December. The nitrogen accumulation in catch crops following pea was significantly higher than in the catch crop following barley supplied with 100 kg N ha-1. Barley and pea straw incorporated in the soil reduced the N accumulation in the aftersown white mustard, but when distributed on the soil surface in perennial ryegrass plots, it had no influence on the N accumulation in the ryegrass catch crop. The amount of inorganic N in the ploughlayer in April was significantly reduced by incorporation of ryegrass in early December relative to plots without catch crops, and the yield of a succeeding barley crop was reduced. No consistent effect of white mustard incorporation was observed on the succeeding barley crop yield.