Alkaloid Yield Research Articles

Studies on Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. parasitic on Phragmites communis Trin.

SUMMARYIsolates from C. purpurea sclerotia occurring naturally on Phragmites communis usually sporulated vigorously on the culture medium employed, and their failure to produce alkaloid in vitro was associated with a thin white growth form. Such isolates also failed to produce sclerotia on the host plants tested. A variant having a plectenchymatic morphology in vitro and producing a thick pigmented non‐sporulating growth form yielded alkaloid (up to approximately 300μg/ml mainly δ8–9 and δ9–10 lysergic acids and chanoclavine) in surface or submerged culture and developed typical ergot sclerotia (containing 0·2‐0·4% alkaloid, mainly ergotoxine and ergotamine) in vivo.Improved alkaloid yield in vitro was obtained from a strain reselected after passing through a parasitic phase.Aetiological aspects of the P. communis ergot are discussed.

Production of Ergot Alkaloids by Fermentation Method

Capacity of three strains of the fungus, Claviceps purpurea to produce ergot alkaloids from synthetic media has been investigated. Of the three strains studied, Claviceps purpurea received from Prairie Regional Laboratory, Saskatoon, Canada gave high yields of ergot alkaloids. The effect of different carbohydrates, nitrogen sources and precursors on the production of ergot alkaloids has been studied. Highest yield (2.287 gm/1) of the total alkaloids has been obtained with maltose as a carbohydrate source, ammonium succinate as a nitrogen source and tryptophan (500 mg/1) as a precursor.

Effects of the Ratio of Calcium to Potassium in the Nutrient Medium on the Growth and Alkaloid Production of Atropa belladonna

The increase of calcium/potassium ratios in nutrient solutions reduces growth of belladonna plants. This is evident in the reduced elongation of all stems, particularly the sympodial flowering branches, and in the fresh and dry weights of all plant parts. There appears to be a concurrent increase in the proportion of leaf to total plant at the expense of stem and root. The increase in calcium/potassium ratio results in higher yields of total nitrogen and alkaloids.

Application of Ultrasound for Increasing Alkaloid Yield from Datura Stramonium

A new approach is presented for the evaluation of ultrasonic energy when applied to the isolation of alkaloids from <i>Datura stramonium</i>. The method utilized made it possible to study the influence of ultrasound on the maceration process as well as during the actual extraction process. The application of ultrasound during short periods of maceration was effective in producing a greater yield of alkaloids than obtainable by conventional procedures. When applied during the process of continuous solvent extraction, ultrasound proved to be slightly more efficient in liberating the desired alkaloids from the drug. The utilization of ultrasound in commercial extraction procedures and for theoretical experimentation is discussed briefly.

Tumor Inhibitors II: Alkaloids of Ervatamia dichotoma. Isolation, Crystallization, and Pharmacological Properties of Coronaridine

Extraction of the fruit, root bark, and stem bark of <i>Ervatamia dichotoma</i> (Roxb.) Blatter from Mangalore, Mysore State, afforded substantial yields of alkaloids. Column chromatography of the petroleum ether-extractable alkaloids yielded coronaridine, which was obtained in crystalline form for the first time. Preliminary pharmacological testing in a variety of pharmacologic procedures revealed that the alkaloid mixtures and coronaridine possess interesting biologic activities.

The alkaloids of the genus Datura, section Brugmansia. I. D. cornigera Hook.

Abstract Hyoscine has been isolated as the main alkaloid from the leaves, flowers, pericarp and seeds of Datura cornigera Hook. Noratropine occurs in the leaves, flowers and pericarp. The following alkaloids have been obtained from the roots, (—)-3α,6β-ditigloyloxytropane, 7-hydroxy-3,6-ditigloyloxytropane, hyoscine, hyoscyamine, atropine, norhyoscyamine, noratropine, 3α,6β-dihydroxytropane and the presence of others indicated. Hyoscyamine is the principal alkaloid of the whole roots but the root-wood, although giving a low yield of total alkaloids, contains a relatively high proportion of noratropine.

Some aspects of phosphate metabolism of Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. II. Relationship between nucleic acids synthesis and ergot alkaloid production.

A study was made of the distribution of the phosphorus-containing compounds in the phosphate pool of stationary cultures of Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. Exogenous KH2PO4was mainly converted to ribonucleic acid. Conditions favorable to increased nucleic acid synthesis increased the yield of ergot alkaloids. The proportion of nucleic acid and acid-insoluble phosphate fraction appeared to be an important factor influencing the ergot alkaloid production.

The Effect of Adipic Acid and Methylamine on Alkaloid Biosynthesis in Certain Members of the Solanaceae I : Datura stramonium Linné

Adipic acid administered by injection in the concentration of 0.5 per cent increased the total alkaloids (calculated as hyoscyamine) in the leaves (and flowering tops), stems, and roots by 14, 26, and 79 per cent, respectively. Methylamine in the same concentration increased the total alkaloid yield in the leaves and roots by 10 and 39 per cent while a 12 per cent decrease was observed in the total alkaloids of the stems. The plants treated with adipic acid and methylamine displayed an increase of alkaloid yields in the leaves and roots by 22 and 65 per cent while no change in alkaloid production in the stem was observed.

Neue Alkaloide aus der saprophytischen Kultur des Mutterkornpilzes von Pennisetum typhoideum Rich. 42. Mitteilung über Mutterkornalkaloide

AbstractBy selection of certain strains of the ergot fungus found on Pennisetum typhoideum Rich. (a tropical millet) and modifying the substrate we succeeded in increasing the alkaloid yield in saprophytic cultures up to 1000–1500 mg alkaloids per liter of culture filtrate and increasing the alkaloid content of the mycelium to 1% of its dry weight.

THE ALKALOIDS OF FUMARIACEOUS PLANTS: LI. CORYDALIS SOLIDA (L.) SWARTZ

Only six alkaloids, namely protopine, allocryptopine, corydaline, d-stylopine, dl-tetrahydropalmatine, and aurotensine, could be isolated from this plant. The total yield of alkaloids was approximately 0.06%. Chemically, the plant is closely allied with Corydalis ambigua and both had been relegated to the same botanical section of the genus.

The effect of environment on the growth and alkaloidal content of hyoscyamus muticus L. II

The effects of soil, irrigation, fertilizing, form of cultivation, and other environmental factors on Hyoscyamus muticus during cultivation have been determined. The effect of the factors studied upon the yield of alkaloids from the plant is particularly emphasized.