Yield Contributing Characters Research Articles

Effect of Zinc Fertilizer Application on Growth Yield and Yield Contributing Characters in Rice

Field experiment was carried out at the field of Department of Agronomy, BSMRAU campus, Gazipur, of Bangladesh during aman season (July-October) of 2017 to study the effect of zinc fertilizer application on growth, yield and zinc partitioning in three rice varieties: (BRRI dhan 56, BRRI dhan 57 and BRRI dhan 62) at three levels of zinc fertilization, no application of zinc, 10and 20 kg Zn ha-1. The highest leaf area indices of 3.15 in BRRI dhan 56, and 3.27 in BRRI dhan 57 were recorded with the application of 10 kg Zn ha-1 at 75 DAT and 3.28 in BRRI dhan 62 with 20 kg Zn ha-1. Through the growth period the SPAD value was the maximum at 10 kg Zn ha-1 in BRRI dhan 56 and BRRI dhan 57 and in BRRI dhan 62 at 20 kg Zn ha-1. The highest CGR, RGR, NAR were recorded at 10 kg Zn ha-1 in BRRI dhan 56 and BRRI dhan 57, and at 20 kg ha-1 in BRRI dhan 62.Zinc fertilizer at 10 kg Zn ha-1significantly increased the number of effective tiller m-2, length of panicle, total number of spikelet’s panicle-1,1000-grain weight, number of filled spikelet’s panicle-1, grain yield and straw yield in BRRI dhan 56 and BRRI dhan 57, and at 20 kg Zn ha-1 in BRRI dhan 62. It was revealed that the rice varieties BRRI dhan 56 and BRRI dhan 57 responded to the application of 10 kg Zn ha-1, while BRRI dhan 62 to 20 kg Zn ha-1.Overall results indicates, application of zinc might be necessary to ensure satisfactory yield.

Appraisement of Genetic Variability and Character Association of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) Land Races for Yield and Yield Contributing Characters in Bangladesh

A field experiment was conducted with 20 genotypes of bitter gourd (<i>Momordica charantia</i> L.) at the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, to study the variability among the genotypes for yield and yield contributing characters, estimate genetic parameters, association among the characters and their contribution to yield during April 2015 to September 2015.

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Effect of Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Contributing Characters of Local Aromatic Aman Rice Varieties in Sylhet Region

Effect of Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Contributing Characters of Local Aromatic Aman Rice Varieties in Sylhet Region

Effect of Seed Bio-priming with Microbial Inoculants on Plant Growth, Yield and Yield Contributing Characters in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril

The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of seed bio-priming with microbial inoculants on plant growth, yield and yield contributing characters in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril] at Research Station, Gaja and Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Forestry, Ranichauri, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India during kharif season 2014. All the factors in experiment as well as their interactions showed significant influence on plant growth, yield and yield contributing characters in soybean. Among all the treatments, highest field emergence (88.47%) and minimum days to 50% flowering (40.75 days) was recorded in Psf-173 while maximum plant height (30.34 cm) was measured in Th-14. However, seed yield and other contributing characters were improved by PSB bio-primed seed. Among different varieties, Shilajeet variety showed greater value in field emergence (89.27%), plant height (34.25 cm), number of branches plant−1 (4.46), number of pods plant−1 (31.18), pod length (3.39 cm), number of seeds pod−1 (2.71), number of nodule plant−1 (30.68) and seed yield plant−1 (17.03 g). However, earliest days to 50% flowering (39.13 days) was recorded in PS 1092 variety. On the basis of field experiment, PSB proved to be the best bio-agent for enhancing the growth than other tested bio-agents and in respect of selected varieties for priming purpose, Shilajeet was found most promising. The interaction between PSB and Shilajeet also had good combination for above mentioned characters. The present study thus reveals that seed bio-priming enhances growth and yield parameters in soybean. It is therefore suggested that before sowing, soybean seed should be treated with PSB and Psf-173 bio-agents.

Effect of Irrigation and Mulch on the Yield and Water Use of Strawberry

To investigate the effect of irrigation and mulch on the yield of strawberry (line FA-007), this study was conducted at the experimental fields of Pomology Division, BARI, Gazipur and RARS, BARI, Rangpur during Rabi season of 2012-13 and 2013-14. The experiment was conducted followed by the split-plot design with two mulches (black plastic and rice straw), three levels of irrigation (5, 10, and 15 days interval), and three replications. A significant difference was observed for most of the parameters among different treatments for both locations. Irrigation at 5 days interval with rice straw mulch in Gazipur and irrigation at 5 days interval with black polythene mulch in Rangpur were performed better for most of the yield-contributing characters and yield among all other treatments for both the years. But in respect to water productivity, 10 days irrigation interval with rice straw mulch in Gazipur and 10 days interval with black polythene mulch in Rangpur showed highest results among all other treatments. However, it can be concluded that any irrigation practices from the abovementioned options could be adopted by the farmers based on their feasibility and water availability for strawberry cultivation in Bangladesh.

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Varietal performance and correlation of okra pod yield and yield components

Abstract Field irrigation experiments were conducted to assess the varietal performance and correlation of pod yield and yield attributes under irrigation at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria, during the 2015 and 2016 dry seasons. The results revealed that the most outstanding for fresh pod yield per plant were okra cultivar Kwadag Y’ar gagure Salkade, and Kwadam, in descending order, with yield ranging from 580.38 to 622.67 g, while the Composite cultivar had the lowest value of pod yield of 428.62 g over the two years. The greatest average values for the number of pods per plant and the number of primary branches per plant were observed for Salkade and Y’ar gagure, respectively. Highest fresh pod length and fresh pod diameter were also exhibited for Salkade and Kwadag. The genotypic coefficient of variation was higher than the phenotypic variation for the entire yield-contributing characters. Days to 50% flowering were positive and highly significant differences associated with plant height, number of pods per plant, and fresh weight per pod could be observed. Path coefficient analysis showed that the number of pods per plant exhibited positive and direct influence on the pod yield across the studied years. Indirect influence of other yield components through this character also contributed mainly towards pod yield. Therefore, days to 50% flowering, plant height, pod length, number of pods per plant, pod diameter, number of primary branches per plant, and fresh weight per pod could be taken into consideration for the selection and development of high pod-yielding varieties in okra.

Effects of Benzoic acid and Thiourea on Growth and Productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plants

A possible strategy for increasing the crop productivity is to use some bioregulators, therefore two field experiments were carried out in sandy soil at El-Fayoum Governorate, Egypt, during two successive winter seasons of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015. This study aimed to investigate the response of vegetative growth, yield, and some metabolic constituents of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Sakha 93 to exogenously applied of two bioregulators i.e. Benzoic acid (BA; 100, 200 and 400 mg L-1) and Thiourea (TU; 250, 500, and 1000 mg L-1), either alone or in combination. Foliar application of BA and TU alone or in combination significant increased the tiller number and spikes/m2, total plant dry weight/m2, flag leaf area, blades area/plant and yield criteria (spike length, number of grains/spike, number of spike/m2, grain index, grain yield/fed, straw yield per feddan) and these effects were greater with application of BA and/or TU up to 200 and 1000 mg L-1, respectively. Spraying wheat plants by BA and TU, alone or combined significantly improved the nutritional value and quality of wheat grains by increasing oil percent, crude protein, total soluble sugars and total free amino acids contents. In conclusion, the yield-contributing characters and quality of wheat could be improved by application of BA and/or TU up to 200 and 1000 mg L-1, respectively.

Morpho-physiological and Yield Contributing Characters and Yield of Sesame with 1-Napthalene Acetic Acid (NAA)

The experiment was undertaken in the Farm laboratory of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka, during Kharif 1 season, April to July 2013 to examine the response of different levels of foliar application of 1-napthaleneacitic acid (NAA) on morpho-physiology, yield contributing attributes and seed yield of sesame using variety BARI Til 4. The treatments of this experiment consisted of four different levels of NAA viz. A0 = 0 ppm, A1 = 25 ppm, A2 = 50 ppm and A3 = 75 ppm. The research was laid out in single factors Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. In this study, NAA significantly increased morphological characters- plant height, leaf number plant-1, branch number plant-1, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root other than leaf and branch number plant-1 of at 30 and 40 DAS. As morphological parameters NAA also significantly improves yield contributing characters of sesame-the number of pod plant-1, diameter and length of pod, seed weight plant-1 and plot-1, thousand seed weight compared to without NAA. The foliar application of 50 ppm NAA increased seed yield of sesame (1.22 t/ha) which is consistent with the results of morph-physiological and yield contributing characters of this study. Separately, the higher dose of NAA, 75 ppm failed to produce better results of this experiment including seed yield. These results suggest that NAA shows a positive consequence to increase the seed yield of sesame by changing the plant architecture and biomass production. Based on the present results, it can be suggested that the 50 ppm NAA is appropriate for higher yield of sesame var. BARI Til 4 under the climatic conditions of SAU.

A New Agro-technology for Increasing Oil Yield and Yield Contributing Characters of Menthol Mint (Mentha arvensis L.)

A pot experiment were conducted at the research farm of Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant, Research Centre, Pantnagar (Udham Singh Nagar) Uttarakhand, India, during 2013 to ascertain the response of nipping (cutting of apical portion in each branch of mint) on yield and yield contributing characters of mint (Mentha arvensis). The results revealed that, nipping of mint (Mentha arvensis L.) at 35 day after transplanting (T) recorded the highest plant height (89.3 cm), no. of branches/plant (99), leaf: stem ratio (1.31:1), fresh herb yield of mint (272.67 q/ha), oil content (1.20%) and oil yield (326.27 kg/ha) as compared to others and the lowest was found in T - control (no nipping).

Responses of Rice to Green Manure and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application

The effect of green manure and nitrogen fertilizer applications on rice performance and post-harvest nutrient status of the soil was studied at the Regional Wheat Research Station of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Shyampur, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. The experiment comprised two sets of treatments: (i) green manure application (Crotalaria jusncea, Sesbania aculeata, Sesbania rostrata,Vigna radiata, and Phaseolus mungo) and (ii) application of different nitrogen levels (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1). Both treatments had a significant effect on the growth and yield of transplanted aman (T. aman) rice. We show that soil fertility can be maintained and rice yield can be improved through incorporation of green manuring and nitrogen fertilizer management. Green manure and nitrogen management generated positive responses in important morpho-physiological traits such as leaf area index (LAI), specific leaf area (SLA), crop growth rate (CGR), leaf relative growth rate (LRGR), leaf weight ratio (LWR), and net assimilation rate (NAR), which may result in a greater contribution of yield-determining traits and eventually higher grain yield. The results indicate that all green manures in combination with higher N levels accelerate SLA, LWR, LAI and CGR. Better performance of potential yield-contributing characters and relatively higher nitrogen uptake and higher N and protein content in grain and straw were found in combination with all green manure and higher N level treatments. An increasing level of post-harvest soil nitrogen content was observed with the application of higher levels of nitrogen in combination with green manures. Therefore, green manuring in combination with judicial nitrogen fertilizer management is deemed necessary for sustainable T. aman rice cultivation.

Effect of drip irrigation and mulching on yield, water-use efficiency and economics of tomato

This study investigated the combined effects of drip irrigation and mulches on yield, water-use efficiency and economic return of tomato. The treatments of the study comprised different combinations of three drip irrigation levels (100, 75 and 50% of crop water requirement, ETc) and two mulches (black polyethylene sheet and paddy straw). The yield and yield-contributing characters in the mulched treatments for all levels of irrigation were significantly higher compared to those in the unmulched treatments. The yield of tomato increased with the increasing amount of irrigation water in unmulched treatment. The trend was reversed when drip irrigation was coupled with mulches. The highest yield for each mulch (81.12 t/ha for polyethylene and 79.49 t/ha for straw) was obtained when 50% of water requirement was applied. With 100% water application, polyethylene-mulched treatment produced lower yield than the straw-mulched treatment. The highest water use efficiency of 592 kg/ha/mm was obtained with 50% water application under polyethylene mulch. The highest net return (US$ 7098/ha), incremental net return (US$ 1556/ha), and incremental benefit-cost ratio (7.03) were found for 50% water application with straw mulch. The study thus reveals that drip irrigation with mulch has an explicit role in increasing the land and water productivity of tomato.

Influence of Plant Growth Regulators on Yield Contributing Characters and Yield of Bell Pepper (Capsicum annum) Varieties

Influence of Plant Growth Regulators on Yield Contributing Characters and Yield of Bell Pepper (Capsicum annum) Varieties

Feasibility of Replacing Chemical Fertilizer by Using Organic Fertilizer in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Considering Yield Contributing Characters and Yield

The experiment comprised of 10 treatments, such as T0: Control condition; T1: All chemical fertilizer as recommended dose; T2: Cowdung as recommended dose; T3: Compost as recommended dose; T4: ½ Cowdung + ½ Compost; T5: Cowdung + Compost; T6: Cowdung + ½ Chemical fertilizer; T7: Compost + ½ Chemical fertilizer; T8: Cowdung + Compost +½ Chemical fertilizer and T9: ½ Cowdung + ½ Compost + ½ Chemical fertilizer. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Data on different growth characters and yield were recorded. Among the treatments all chemical fertilizers as recommended dose (T1) and cowdung + compost + ½ chemical fertilizer (T8) were found superior considering all yield contributing characters and yield. At 30 (Days after Sowing) DAS, the longest plant was recorded from T8 (27.93 cm), while the shortest plant was found in T0 (23.13 cm). At 50, 70, 90 DAS and harvest the longest plant was recorded from T1 (52.13 cm, 82.13 cm, 85.93 cm and 95.21 cm), whereas the shortest plant was obtained from T0 (41.14 cm, 65.84 cm, 70.77 cm and 76.00 cm). At 30, 50, 70, 90 DAS and harvest the maximum number of tillers hill-1 was recorded from T1 (2.00, 5.64, 6.93, 6.15 and 5.78), whereas the minimum number was found in T0 (1.33, 2.87, 4.20, 3.94 and 3.72). The longest spike (19.86 cm), maximum number of spikelets spikes-1 (20.33), maximum number of filled grains spike-1 (34.00), highest grain yield (3.71 t ha-1) and highest straw yield (5.78 t ha-1) was attained from T1 and the shortest spike (14.33 cm), minimum number of spikelets spikes-1 (14.18), minimum number of filled grains spike-1 (21.53), lowest grain yield (2.06 t ha-1) and lowest straw yield (4.49 t ha-1) was recorded from T0.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i1.22066 J. Environ. Sci. &amp; Natural Resources, 6(1): 203-208 2013

Evaluation of Hybrid Rice for Variability and Yield Contributing Characters under Allahabad Climatic Condition

Rice is the most important food crop after wheat and maize. India, the home of rice, has nearly one third of the world’s rice acreage but still suffers from a chronic shortage of the cereal. The knowledge of genetic variability in a given crop species for characters under improvement is important in any plant breeding programme. Heritability with genetic advances is more helpful in predicting the gain under effective selection. Genetic parameters for yield and its correspondent characters in rice were estimated from a trial with 36 rice hybrids evaluated for eighteen characters related to yield. Analysis of variance revealed high significant differences for all the 18 characters studied. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotype coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters indicating the little influence of environment on the characters. All the qualitative characters depicted high estimates of heritability, which indicates preponderance of additive gene action in the inheritance of these characters. High to moderate degree of genetic advance was observed for number of filled grains per panicle followed by biological yield per plant. Therefore, the results suggest that these characters can be used for grain yield selection.

Correlation and path coefficient analysis of seed yield and yield components in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) genotype in Ethiopia

Knowledge of correlation among different traits and further partitioning of the correlation coefficients into direct and indirect effects on yield is one of the approaches to understand the nature and extent of the relationship among characters. The objective of this study was to determine the degree of associations between seed yield and yield components of lentil. In this study, 228 genotypes from diversified origin were considered. The experiment was conducted at three locations using randomized complete block design and augmented design. Significant strong positive phenotypic and genotype correlations were observed between seed yield and biomass, seed weight per plant, number of seed per plant and number of pods per plant. These four yield-contributing characters had also strong positive correlations with each other. The path coefficient analysis is in harmony, with the phenotypic and genotypic correlation, that is, seed weight per plant, followed by number of pods per plant, biomass yield and 100 seed weight have a considerable positive direct effect on lentil seed yield. However, days to 50% flowering, days to 90% maturity and rust disease severity score had negative phenotypic correlation and negative direct effect on seed yield. Key words: Genotype correlation coefficient, lentil, path analysis, phenotype correlation coefficient.

Neck blast disease influences grain yield and quality traits of aromatic rice

A critical investigation was conducted to find out the effect of neck blast disease on yield-contributing characters, and seed quality traits of aromatic rice in Bangladesh. Both healthy and neck-blast-infected panicles of three aromatic rice cultivars (high-yielding and local) were collected and investigated at Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur, Bangladesh. All of the tested varieties were highly susceptible to neck blast disease under natural conditions, though no leaf blast symptoms appear on leaves. Neck blast disease increased grain sterility percentages, reduced grain size, yield and quality traits of seeds. The degrees of yield and seed quality reduction depended on disease severity and variety's genetic make-up. Unfilled grains were the main source of seed-borne pathogen, especially for blast in the seed lot. Transmission of blast pathogen from neck (panicle base) to seed was very poor. These findings are important, especially concerning the seed certification programme in which seed lots are certified on the basis of field inspection. Finally, controlled experiments are needed to draw more critical conclusions.

Variability Study of Advanced Fine Rice with Correlation, Path Co-efficient Analysis of Yield and Yield Contributing Characters

The experiment was conducted in experimental Farm, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh from July to December 2011 to study the variability of advanced lines of fine rice with correlation and path co-efficient of yield and yield contributing characters. Seven newly developed lines viz. S-1, S-2, S-5, AL-33(II), AL-36, AL-42(II), AL-44(I) and Chinigura. Grain yield/plant of newly developed advanced fine rice lines and check showed positive association in respect of number of effective tillers/hill (0.308), number of filled spikelets/panicle (0.110) and weight of 1000-grains (0.109), whereas significant negative association with panicle length (-0.609), number of unfilled spikelets/panicle (-0.542) and non significant negative association with plant height (-0.136) and number of ineffective tillers/hill (-0.304). Path analysis revealed that plant height had positive direct effect (0.154), number of effective tillers/hill had positive direct effect (0.065), number of ineffective tillers/hill had negative direct effect (-0.114), panicle length had positive direct effect (0.163), number of filled spikelets/panicle had positive direct effect (0.285), number of unfilled spikelets/panicle had negative direct effect (-0.154), weight of 1000-grains had positive direct effect (0.234) on grain yield/plant. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i3.11069Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(3): 364-370

Integrated Nutrient-Management Technology for Direct-Seeded Upland Rice (Oryza sativa) in Northwestern Himalayas

Alarming climate change, rainfed upland farming, and low resource-use efficiency of conventional fertilizer management practices are major production constraints detrimental to rice productivity in the northwestern (NW) Himalayas. Recent agronomic intervention of direct-seeded rice (DSR) coupled with suitable rice germplasm well suited to rainfed upland ecosystems in combination with appropriate integrated nutrient-management (INM) technology can enhance the rice productivity in the region. Thus, a field experiment with seven treatments replicated three times in a randomized block design was conducted on INM technology in rainfed upland rice cv. HPR-1156 (Sukaradhan-1) to harness the potential of DSR technology in order to boost rice productivity in the NW Himalayas. Results on INM in direct-seeded upland rice revealed that nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) at 90:45:45 kg ha−1 + farm yard manure (FYM) at 5 t ha−1 (oven dry-weight basis) significantly resulted in the greatest magnitude of growth and development (plant height, tillers m−2) and yield-contributing characters (panicles m−2, panicle length, grains panicle−1 and 1000-grain weight), resulting in significantly greatest grain, straw, and biological yield followed by sole use of NPK at 90:45:45 kg ha−1 and NPK at 60:30:30 kg ha−1 + FYM at 5 t ha−1, respectively, in rainfed upland rice. Application of NPK at 90:45:45 kg ha−1 + FYM at 5 t ha−1 again resulted in significant improvement in soil organic carbon and available NPK status over other treatments and initial soil fertility status in an acidic Alfisol. Overall, it is inferred that INM technology with judicious use of NPK at 90:45:45 kg ha−1 + FYM at 5 t ha−1 in rainfed upland rice under DSR technology can enhance the rice productivity and resource-use efficiency in NW Himalayas.