Yield Attributes Of Wheat Research Articles

Application of sewage sludge combined with thiourea improves the growth and yield attributes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under arsenic-contaminated soil.

Arsenic (As) contamination is a serious threat to agriculture and human health worldwide. It can adversely affect the growth attributes of food crops. On the other hand, using thiourea (TU) to ameliorate As stress is an economically consistent approach. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding the combined use of TU and Sewage sludge (SS). SS is considered important, unutilized biomass. It can be used as a fertilizer that has high organic matter and nutrients. Therefore, the current study was performed to evaluate TU and SS sole and combined responses under As toxicity on two wheat genotypes (Markaz 19 and Ujala 16). There were four treatments control (As 50 mg kg-1), SS (30 g kg−1)+TU (6.5 mM)+As, TU+As and SS+As applied with four replications. Results revealed that SS+TU performed significantly better over SS, TU and control for improvement in root and shoot fresh and dry weight of wheat varieties Markaz 19 and Ujala 16 under As toxicity. A significant decrease in POD, SOD and APX of Markaz 19 and Ujala 16 also validated the effective functioning of SS+TU over control. The maximum increase of 71 and 77% was noted in phosphorus, where SS+TU was applied over control in Markaz 19 and Ujala 16, respectively. In conclusion, SS+TU is a better approach than the sole application of SS and TU under As contamination for improvement in wheat growth attributes. More investigations are recommended at the field level under different As contamination and agro-climatic zones to declare SS+TU an effective amendment to mitigate As toxicity in wheat.

Nutrient and residue management in zero tilled-direct seeded basmati rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) system

To assess the effect of nutrient and residue management on the performance of zero till - direct seed rice (DSR) (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system in partially reclaimed sodic soils, a three-year field experiment was conducted at ICAR-CSSRI during kharif and rabi 2016-18. The experiment was conducted in factorial randomized block design with 8 nutrient management options as first factor and two levels of residue management as second factor with three replications. Plant height, number of tillers and effective tillers were not affected significantly both in rice and wheat due to different nutrient and residue management treatments. Under different N management practices, basmati CSR 30 showed higher physiological efficiency in terms of SPAD reading, relative water content (RWC) and photosynthetic traits under treatments with recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) + CSR bioformulation and RDF + CSR bioformulation + top cut at 75 days after sowing. Grain yield of basmati CSR 30 was the highest under transplanted conditions (36.0 q/ha) which was 20.0-30.6% higher than different nutrient and residue management treatments under DSR. Additional Zn application and foliar Fe sprays did not increase grain yield than RDF under ZT-DSR. Residual effect of nutrient and residue management was non-significant for all the yield attributes of wheat, viz. ear length, grains/ear and 1000-grain weight as well as for grain and straw yield of wheat. This study concludes that ZT-DSR is not suitable option for replacing puddled transplanted rice.

Salicylic Acid-Mediated Regulation of Morpho-Physiological and Yield Attributes of Wheat and Barley Plants in Deferring Salinity Stress

Salicylic Acid-Mediated Regulation of Morpho-Physiological and Yield Attributes of Wheat and Barley Plants in Deferring Salinity Stress

Influence of growth regulators on growth, phenological traits and yield attributes of wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] under restricted irrigation condition

Water limiting condition creates imbalance or deficiency of growth regulators in plant, which leads toward reduce crop yield. The present investigation entitled “Influence of growth regulators on growth, phenological traits and yield attributes of wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] under restricted irrigation condition” was conducted during the Rabi season during 2017-18 and 2018-19 at Students’ Instructional Farm, Nawabganj, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur-208002 (U.P.), India in randomized block design with three replications and exogenous application of growth regulators with control wheat plants viz., Control, GA3 20 ppm, GA3 40 ppm, Alar 100 ppm, Alar 200 ppm, ABA 25 ppm, ABA 50 ppm, SA 50 ppm, SA 100 ppm, Kinetin 5 ppm and Kinetin 10 ppm on wheat variety (K1317) under restricted irrigation condition. Crop growth and yield attributes were assess during the experimentation. Study revealed that crop reduced growth and yield in term of plant height at maturity stage, number of leaves plant-1 at all observation stage, days to anthesis, days to maturity, main spike length and grains weight plant-1 under restricted irrigation, while, these parameters were improved with application of growth regulators. Maximum crop growth and yield traits were recorded with application of growth regulators GA3 40 ppm as compare to other treatments.

Study on the effect of different levels of ready mix formulation of sulfosulfuron and metsulfuron-methyl on yield and yield attributes of wheat

Study on the effect of different levels of ready mix formulation of sulfosulfuron and metsulfuron-methyl on yield and yield attributes of wheat

English

English

Effect of organic manures and liquid organic formulations on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) economics

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of last week of December 2019 at the certified organic experiment farm of the SHIATS Model of Organic Farm (SMOF) in NAI, Prayagraj to study the response of wheat under different sources of organic manures and liquid organic formulation on yield attributes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment consists 10 treatments with 3 replications laid out in a randomized block design. Organic manures i.e., Control 16 t/ha, M1: FYM 25% (4 t/ha) + Vermicompost 75% (4.5 t/ha), M2: FYM 50% (8 t/ha) + Vermicompost 50% (3 t/ha), M3: FYM 75% (12 t/ha) + Vermicompost 25% (1.5 t/ha) and Liquid organic formulations i.e., L1: Panchagavya at 2%, L2: Vermiwash at 5%, L3: Panchagavya at 2% + Vermiwash at 5%. The result concluded that the maximum grain yield (2.39 t/ha) and straw yield (3.67 t/ha) was recorded with application of FYM 75% + VC 25% + Panchagavya at 2% + Vermiwash at 5% spray. The economic analysis clearly indicates that higher benefit: cost ratio (2.11) recorded with application of FYM 50% + VC 50% + Panchagavya at 2% spray.

Potential effects of biochar application on mitigating the drought stress implications on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under various growth stages

Drought is the main abiotic stress that severely reduces wheat yield across the globe. To cope up this situation, use of organic amendments is the best option. Biochar is an organic soil amendment that is used to improve soil carbon, organic contents, improve water holding capacity of soil, enhance soil fertility and maintain desired soil. Present study was carried out under semi-arid climatic conditions to mitigate the adverse effects of drought at critical wheat growth stages i.e., tillering (DTS), flowering (DFS) and grain filling stage (DGFS) by using three biochar treatments viz. B0 = Control, B1 = 27.88 g kg−1 and B2 = 37.18 g kg−1. Results revealed that drought stress negatively affected the growth and yield attributes of wheat at all critical growth stages, while, grain filling stage was found the most sensitive stage resulted severe yield reduction. However, biochar application significantly mitigated the detrimental effects of drought by improving number of fertile tillers (19.50%), spike length (6.52%), number of grains per spike (3.07%), thousand grain weight (6.42%), biological (9.43%) and economic yield (13.92%) as compared to control treatment. Moreover, biochar significantly improved water use efficiency and physiological attributes of drought stressed wheat. Principal component analysis linked different scales of study and demonstrated the potential of physio-biochemical traits to explain the wheat yield variations under drought condition with response to biochar application. In crux, biochar application (37.18 g kg−1) can be used as an effective stratagem to achieve improved wheat grain yield through mitigating the adverse effects of drought stress.

Study the combined effect of organic manure and inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield of late sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The present experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2016-17 at Sithouli experimental farm, school of Agriculture, ITM University Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh to evaluated the combined effect of organic manure and inorganic fertilizers doses on the growth and yield of late sown wheat (Variety, Lok-1).The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) having three replications. The experiment comprises of nine different treatments T1: Control, T2: 100% RDF + 10 t FYM ha-1, T3: 100% RDF + 05 t FYM ha-1, T4: 75% RDF + 10 t FYM ha-1, T5: 75% RDF + 05 t FYM ha-1, T6: 100% RDF + 05 t VC ha-1, T7: 100% RDF + 2.5 t VC ha-1, T8: 75% RDF + 05 t VC ha-1 and T9: 75% RDF + 2.5 t VC ha-1. A constant spacing of 20 x5 cm was kept, and 100 kg ha-1 seed rate. Recommended dose of fertilizers (100% RDF) were applied at the rate of 100: 40: 20 kg ha-1. Farm yard manure (5 &10t ha-1) and vermicompost (2.5 &5 t ha-1) was applied as per treatment. All other agronomic practices were kept uniform for all treatments. The findings of the present study indicated that application of 100 per cent RDF (100: 40: 20 :: N:P:K kg ha-1) along with 10 t FYM or 05 t Vermicompost ha-1 produced higher growth and yield attributes of wheat. Maximum grain yield (4583.3 kg ha-1) was produced with 100 per cent RDF + 05 t VC ha-1 closely followed by 100 per cent RDF + 10 t FYM ha-1 with 4464.3 kg ha-1 grain yield. Whereas, maximum net returns of Rs.62789 ha-1 and benefit cost ratio (3.20) were found with 100 per cent RDF + 10 t FYM ha-1 treatment. It can be concluded that from present study, that application of 100 per cent RDF (100: 40:20:: N:P:K kg ha-1) along with 10 t FYM ha-1 produced higher growth and yield of wheat. This treatment gave higher net returns and benefit cost ratio in late sown wheat under sandy loam soils of Northern Madhya Pradesh.

Effect of different tillage practices and nitrogen level on wheat production under inner terai of Nepal

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the plant height, yield and yield attributes of wheat under different tillage practices and nitrogen level at Dang, Nepal during winter season 2018-19. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with two tillage practices viz. zero tillage and conventional tillage as main plot factor and four level of N viz. 50 kg ha-1, 75 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1and 125 kg ha-1 as sub plot factor and each replicated thrice. The result revealed that there is no significant relation between tillage practice and plant height of wheat while N level significantly affect the plant height. 125 kg N ha-1 recorded the highest plant height (110.7 cm). Zero tillage recorded the highest effective tiller m-2 (254) and grain yield (3.3 t ha-1) whereas spike length, grain spike-1, biological yield and harvest index were not significant with tillage practices. Regarding the N level, 125 kg N ha-1 recorded the highest effective spike m-2 (279), spike length (10.6 cm), grain spike-1 (48), thousand grain weight (46.3 g), grain yield (3.6 t ha-1) and biological yield (9.4 t ha-1). 50 kg N ha-1 recorded the highest harvest index (42.9%). The interaction between the tillage practice and nitrogen level showed the significant effect on grain yield and harvest index where as other parameters showed non-significant relation. The zero tillage with 125 kg N ha-1 recorded the highest grain yield (3.9 t ha-1).

Impact of SPAD 502 meter based N fertilization on growth and yield attributes of wheat

Impact of SPAD 502 meter based N fertilization on growth and yield attributes of wheat

Effect of different seed priming treatments on yield attributes of wheat (Triticum aestivum)

The effect of different priming treatments were evaluated during 2015–16 and 2016–17 with two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties V1: GW 496 and V2: Lok 1. The seeds of both the varieties were primed with different priming treatments, viz. P1, GA3 (50 ppm); P2, IAA (100 ppm); P3, KNO3 (3%); P4, KCl (2%); P5, Tricoderma harzianum @10 g/kg and P6, Tricoderma viride @10 g/kg along with unprimed seeds as a control (P7). The variety Lok 1 (V2) showed positive response to different priming treatments and seeds of Lok 1 primed with KNO3 (3%) recorded significantly higher pooled average field emergence (96.42%), number of effective tillers (7.75), spike length (12.99 cm), seed yield per plant (13.55 g), seed yield per plot (2.45 kg) during both the years followed by GA3 (50 ppm) primed seeds which recorded at par values for almost all the seed yield attributes. The unprimed seeds of wheat variety GW 496 recoded significantly lower values for all the observed characters for both the experimental years.

Charcoal and compost application induced changes in growth and yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The utilization of organic fertilizers in farmlands to enhance crop productivity and soil health is increasing globally. Compost and charcoal obtained from the decomposition and slow pyrolysis (respectively) of plants and animals wastes. Here we evaluated the effect of charcoal and compost on the growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Agriculture Research Farm Peshawar, Pakistan during 2014-2015. Results showed that the application of compost and charcoal as sole or in combination significantly affected the yield and yield attributes of wheat. Data divulged that the maximum numbers of plant tillers (337 m-2), number of productive tillers per plant (313 m-2), number of grains per spike (56 spike-1) and 1000 seeds weight (50.2 g) were produced by the combined application of compost and charcoal at 5+5 Mg ha-1 while plant height (95.3 cm) was enhanced with the application of charcoal at 10 Mg ha-1. The gain (4106.7 kg ha-1) and biological yield (8473.3 kg ha-1) was significantly increased with the compost application at the rate of 10 Mg ha-1. These results proved that charcoal and compost can be used as organic fertilizers for boosting growth and yield performance of wheat under the agro-climatic conditions of Peshawar, Pakistan.

Wheat grown under elevated CO2 was more responsive to nitrogen fertilizer in Eastern India

Abstract Elevated CO2 might have differential impact on the growth, development, and yield of wheat under varying nutrient management, especially in a warmer climate when the global atmospheric temperature is already increasing. Field experiments were conducted in subtropical Eastern India during the rabi seasons of 2014–2016 to study the performance of wheat under the elevated CO2 environment with different nitrogen (N) management. Wheat was grown in open field and inside open top chambers (OTCs) with ambient (˜390 μmol mol−1) and elevated (˜585 μmol mol−1) level of CO2 without any fertilizer addition (N0), and with application of N through chemical fertilizer (CF) at normal (100%) recommendation [N100(CF)] and 50% higher dose [N150(CF)] and through integration of organic and chemical fertilizer [N150(OF + CF)]. Results showed that CO2 enrichment had a positive effect on various growth parameters and yield attributes of wheat. Elevated CO2 tended to increase the crop growth rate and the fraction of leaf biomass and leaf N, especially for the N management using chemical fertilizer [N100(CF) and N150(CF)]. Elevated CO2 [+˜200 μmol mol−1] caused 17% increase in wheat grain yield above ambient as averaged over the N fertilized treatments. Application of N at 50% higher dose than normal through CF did not increase the grain yield significantly under the open field and OTC with ambient [CO2] environment, whereas the yield increment was significant under the elevated [CO2] environment. Elevated CO2 also resulted in higher agronomic N use efficiency and nitrogen harvest index with the increased N fertilizer dose. Thus, wheat production under the elevated CO2 environment in Eastern India might be maintained or improved through the normal and increased dose of N fertilizer application.

Performance of different herbicides on wheat grain yield and correlation between growth and yield attributes of wheat and weeds

A field experiment was conducted at Siswal, Hisar, Haryana during 2016–17 and 2017–18 to study the effect of different herbicides applied alone or mixtures on weeds and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Significantly higher grain yield was obtained in weed free treatment, which was statistically similar with pinoxaden + metsulfuron and pendimethalin fb pinoxaden treatments, but significantly higher than all other treatments during both the years. Weed free, pinoxaden + metsufuron and pendimethalin fb pinoxaden treatments produced 70.9, 67.7 and 64.9; 69.4, 67.0 and 64.3% higher grain yield as compared to weedy check treatment, respectively during 2016–17 and 2017–18. Statistically similar grain yield was recorded in pyroxasulfone and pyroxasulfone + pendimethalin treatments, it was 54.1 and 51.1; 55.3 and 52.4% higher to weedy check treatment, respectively during 2016–17 and 2017–18. Application of flumioxazin and flumioxazin + pendimethalin provided effective weed control, but grain yield was lower due to crop phytotoxicity after first irrigation in light texture soils. Significant positive correlation between grain yield, growth and yield attributes, per cent control of weeds and weed control efficiency, but negative correlation was observed between grain yield and weed dry weight, panicle length, seeds/panicle, test weight of wild oat and weed index.

Impact of Zinc Uptake on Morphology, Physiology and Yield Attributes of Wheat in Pakistan

Abstract A pot experiment was conducted in the Old Botanical Garden, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, to assess the effect of zinc uptake on morphological, physiological and yield attributes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two varieties of wheat, i.e. W-141 and W-142, procured from Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad, Pakistan, were used during this study. The soil used during experiment was field soil from university fields having sandy loam texture. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and four replicates. Different treatments of zinc were applied on different intervals. After 25 and 35 days of germination, the plants were subjected to three levels of ZnSO4 (0, 400 mgL−1, 600 mgL−1). During the experiment, the harvests were taken after 10 days of intervals for morphological and physiological analysis. After the maturity of plants, final harvest was taken and yield attributes were recorded. Data of various morphological, physiological and yield attributes were statistically analyzed. The results showed that zinc toxicity had adverse effects on the wheat varieties. The variety W-141 was a little bit tolerant to zinc toxicity, as per shown by the results, as compared to W-142, which suffered by the toxicity of zinc. It was also revealed by the results that zinc affects the morphological, physiological and yield attributes of wheat when applied in toxic concentration.

Irrigation scheduling inMentha arvensis L. based relay and sequential cropping with Triticum aestivum L.

The soil of the experimental site was sandy loam in texture, neutral in reaction, rich in organic carbon, low in available nitrogen and high in available phosphorus and potassium. The bulk density of the top 0-15 cm soil was 1.46mg/m 3 . The basic infiltration rate was 1.3cm/hour. Twelve treatments comprising of three cropping systems (timely planted menthol mint, wheat + menthol mint relay system and wheat–late transplanted mint sequential cropping) and four irrigation schedules (IW:CPE ratio 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2) were set in a Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. Different treatments failed to bring significant variations in number of tillers/m 2 at 65DAS. However, higher number of tillers/m 2 was scored by conventional wheat planting. The yield attributes of wheat (number of ears/m 2 , ear length, number of grains/ear, grain weight/ear and 1000 grain weight) expressed non-significant variations due to alteration in planting pattern. Timely planted sole mint exhibited the lowest mint oil equivalent yield, followed by the transplanted crop. The relayed crop yielded the maximum mint oil equivalent yield. Among different IW:CPE ratios, significant increase in mint oil equivalent yield was observed at higher moisture regimes. IW:CPE ratio 1.2 had the maximum and 0.6 the minimum mint oil equivalent yield. The interaction effect revealed that irrigation of relay cropped mint at IW:CPE ratio 1.2 produced the highest oil equivalent yield. The wheat + mint relay cropping system gave the maximum gross (Rs. 140079/ha) and net returns (Rs. 74509/ha) and B:C ratio (1.13). Timely sown sole mint fetched higher gross and net returns and B:C ratio than wheat–transplanted mint with non-significant differences. Irrigation at higher IW:CPE ratios resulted in significant increase in gross return for every successive irrigation levels. For net return and B:C ratio, IW:CPE ratio 1.2 proved to be the best although it was statistically at par with 1.0 IW:CPE ratio.

Impact of combined application of sorghum and mulberry water extractson broad leaf weeds and yield attributes of wheat

Impact of combined application of sorghum and mulberry water extractson broad leaf weeds and yield attributes of wheat

Effect of nitrogen levels and seed bio-priming on root infection, growth and yield attributes of wheat in varied soil type

Abstract There is increasing interest in the use of beneficial microbes as alternatives to chemical fertilizers and plant growth promoters in agricultural production. Judicious application of Trichoderma sp. with chemical nitrogenous (N) fertilization to seeds will be an efficient mechanism for placement into varied soil type (alluvial, red and black) where they enhance the colonize seedling roots and establishment of the plant. Significantly higher leaf area was recorded with T 2 (RDF of NPK @ 120-60-60 kg ha −1 ) in both growth stage of wheat as compared to rest of the treatments. Data at 30 days after sowing (DAS) revealed that leaf area range significantly varied between ~ 59 to 86, 15 to 26 and 26 to 55 cm 2 plant −1 under alluvial, red and black soils, respectively. Results clearly indicated that the root infection was significantly varied at 30 DAS from 5% to 18%, 6% to 23% and 5% to 14% for alluvial, red and black soils, respectively under different treatment combinations. It was significantly higher with T 1 (Control NPK @ 0-0-0 kg ha −1 ) and the values were respectively for ~ 18%, 23% and 14% in alluvial, red and black soils. However, the combined application of N and seed bio-priming resulted in highest root infection incidence in the red (14.87%) followed by alluvial (12.40%) and black (8.73%) soils. Significantly higher grain yield was recorded with T 2 (RDF of NPK @ 120-60-60 kg ha −1 ) followed by T 3 , T 4 , T 5 and T 1 treatments. It was varied significantly between 0.56 to 6.35, 0.20 to 2.65 and 0.36 to 5.12 g pot −1 under alluvial, red and black soils, respectively. The combined application of T. harzianum with chemical N fertilization will be one of the sustainable solutions for improving the ability of seed bio-priming to establish and function consistently in the field for sustainable crop production.

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Water Use Efficiency and Yield Attributes of Wheat under Heavy Textured Soil

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Water Use Efficiency and Yield Attributes of Wheat under Heavy Textured Soil