Yewa South Research Articles

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CASSAVA PROCESSING IN YEWA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

This study was carried out to investigate the determinants of cassava processing and economic benefits derived by the processors in Yewa South Local Government Area of Ogun State. The study was based on primary data obtained from 80 processors drawn through multi-stage sampling procedure. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), and Gross Margin Analysis. The results indicate that 80 percent of the processors were female with average age of 39 years. A high proportion was not educated (48.7%) and majority (76.3%) still used the traditional processing methods. Fufu, Gari and Lafun were the three main products from cassava processing in the study area. However, processors showed preference for Fufu. Insufficient funds constitute the major constraint to cassava processing (76%), followed by lack of infrastructural facilities such as electricity, storage facilities and good road network (66%) and cost of labour/fuel saving devices (57%). OLS estimates revealed that cost of cassava roots, age of processors, labour, processing technique and cost of factors such as firewood, transportation, frying pan, and knives were significant. The mean gross margin per processor per month was N39,830, mean total variable cost was N37,907.19 and average revenue was N77,736.88 with a rate of return on investment (ROI) of 2.05. This implies that for every N1 spent on processing cassava, the processor gets N2.05 in return, showing cassava processing as a profitable venture in the . For more profitable returns, the study recommended among others, the use of labour and fuel saving devices by the processors. Also, provision of good road network used by cassava farmers may likely reduce the cost of the cassava roots.

64 The hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Ogun state, Nigeria

Introduction Nigeria has one of the highest maternal mortality ratios in the world (814/100,000 live births), and in a recent nationwide, cross-sectional study, 29.0% of all maternal deaths were attributed to the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. However, the reported prevalence of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy ranges greatly from 10% to 22% in Southern Nigeria and there are limited data describing clinically accurate, population-level estimates. Objectives As part of the Community Level Interventions for Pre-eclampsia (CLIP) Study [NCT01911494], the aim of this analysis is to record and report community-level prevalence rates of the various hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods Clinical signs and symptoms of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were assessed and recorded for 8790 pregnancies, at primary health centers across five local government areas (Remo North, Ijebu Northeast, Odeda, Yewa South and Ogun Waterside). Proteinuria was measured by dipstick and blood pressure was assessed using a semi-automated, validated blood pressure device at each antenatal or postnatal visit. The classification criteria used for the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is based on the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada guidelines (2014). To account for the different gestational ages at enrolment, mixed hypertension is used to describe conditions of pre-existing hypertension, gestational hypertension or pre-eclamptic toxemia. Pre-eclampsia is defined as the presence of hypertension with either (i) proteinuria, or (ii) one or more adverse conditions (headache, visual disturbances, chest pain/dyspnea, abdominal pain), or (iii) one or more severe complications (coma, stroke, seizures, vaginal bleeding). Statistical analysis was undertaken using R software, and 95% confidence intervals were used to describe prevalence rates. Results The mean maternal age of 8790 enrolled women was 27.2 (+/- 5.6) years, and 31.3% were nulliparous (n = 2752). The mean gestational age at enrolment was 26.5 (+/-7.0) weeks. Hypertension, defined as sBP ⩾ 140 mm Hg and/or dBP ⩾ 90 mm Hg, was observed in 10.3% ([CI 6.5–14.1%]; n = 720) of the 7016 completed pregnancies. Severe hypertension (sBP ⩾ 160 mm Hg and/or dBP ⩾ 110 mm Hg) was identified in 130 (1.9% [CI 0.9–2.8%]) completed pregnancies and 590 (8.4% [CI 4.7–12.1%]) pregnancies were identified with non-severe hypertension (140 mm Hg ⩾ sBP 160 mm Hg; 90 ⩾ dBP > 110). Of the 6709 pregnancies evaluated at gestational age >20 weeks, 10.4% ([CI 6.7–14.0%]; n = 696) presented with mixed hypertension whereas 3.3% ([CI 1.9–4.6%], n = 219) showed mixed hypertension with evidence of pre-eclampsia. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension in pregnancy of 10.3% observed in this cohort is comparable to findings reported in studies in Southern Nigeria. Antihypertensive therapy for non-severe pregnancy hypertension decreases the risk of severe hypertension and associated complications; therefore, a prevalence of 8.4% non-severe hypertension could benefit from treatment with oral antihypertensives. These findings can inform future research and programmatic activities.

Spatial Distribution and Accessibility to Post Primary Educational Institution in Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria: Case Study of Yewa South Local Government Area, Nigeria

Access to post - primary school education play s significant role in the future prospect of children in any nation. However the accessibility to post - primary education depends on availability of school wi thin minimum spatial distance to children of different economic divide in the society. Spatial distribution of post - primary school has been generally uneven in most developing countries and thus limits the level of accessibility to that level of education. The study examined the spatial distribution of post - primary education in Yewa South local government area, in the southwestern Nigeria. The locations of post - primary schools in the study area were captured through handheld Global Positioning systems (GPS) receivers and the spatial analyses were carried out in the GIS platform. The results showed a dispersed pattern for the overall assessment of spatial distribution in the areas. However a clustered pattern was obtained for 9 electoral wards while a dispers ed

Influence of Socio-Economic Factors on Educated Elites Participation in the Political Process of Ogun State , Nigeria ( 2003 - 2011 )

Active participation by citizens has been regarded as a major requirement for democracy in any society. When people active participate especially through voting during elections in the selection of their leaders, it provides legitimacy for the government that is form after. Several studies, especially those carried out in western countries, have advocated that the more socioeconomic factors such as higher education, marital status, and higher income, positive affect the willingness of citizens to vote and to stand for election into public office. However, the record of voters turn out has been showing declining turn out by registered voters in Nigeria’s general elections. This study therefore examined the influence of socio-economic factors on the participation of educated elites in the political process in Ogun State, Nigeria. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study, which was executed over a nine month period from September 2011 to May 2012. Stratified random sampling was used to locate the respondents who were selected from eight local governments (Ado-Odo Ota, Abeokuta South, Ikenne, Ijebu Ode, Ijebu North, Odeda, Sagamu and Yewa South) out of the twenty in the state. A total of 1720 respondents filled and returned the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data collected. While secondary data included relevant textbooks, peer-reviewed journal articles, newspaper and materials downloaded from the internet. Socio-economic factors did not higher level of political participation in Ogun State, as extraneous factors such as high level of insecurity, electoral violence, influence of political godfathers discouraged participation by the educated elites. The government needs to create the enabling environment for participation of the educated elites in the political process through adequate security before, during and after general elections.

Assessment of Caregivers/Mothers Knowledge, Attitude and Practices in Prevention and Treatment of Childhood Malaria in Yewa South Local Government Area of Nigeria

Assessment of Caregivers/Mothers Knowledge, Attitude and Practices in Prevention and Treatment of Childhood Malaria in Yewa South Local Government Area of Nigeria

A geospatial approach to evaluation of accessibility to secondary educational institution in Ogun State, Nigeria

The study therefore examined the spatial distribution of secondary school and the accessibility levels to students in Yewa South local Government area of Nigeria and the factors that give rise to them with a view to providing a framework for effective placement of students. Primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data was collected using questionnaire and a hand-held GPS receiver used to capture the coordinate points of schools and other relevant data. Secondary data include administrative map, population figures of both students and Teachers, Names and addresses of the secondary schools in the study area, the school placement sheet and list of schools. The data analysis was carried out using network analysis. School location, number of secondary schools in each ward and the total area were used to determine the pattern of distribution of secondary schools in the study area. Settlements, roads, schools location, number of secondary schools, ward and school enrolments were used to generate both school accessibility and effective placement measure using network analysis. Network analyses were also performed to evaluate nearest school to student and a set of origin-destination (OD) matrix. However, the whole of 25 secondary schools in Yewa south were considered for network analysis ward by ward, and the results of the distance students travel from their settlements to their various schools were shown for all the secondary schools in each ward. Out of 415 Students, 210 students travel below 2 km to their schools which constitute 50.60% total number of students in the local government area while 205 students travel above 2 km to their schools which constitute 49.40%.

Participation of Youth in Rural Leadership Development Activities in Yewa South Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria

The focus of the study was to assess the levels of participation of youth in rural leadership development activities in Yewa South Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Purposive and systematic random sampling techniques were adopted for the study. This study considered the socio-economic characteristics of the rural youth, stages of participation in rural leadership development activities, motivational factors influencing youth`s participation and constraints to participation in rural leadership development activities. Structured interviewed scheduled were administered on 108 youths within the age of 18 – 35. Descriptive statistical techniques like frequency counts and percentage were used to analyse the data. Inferential statistics like chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between variables investigated in the study. The study revealed that 57.05% had low participation 29.42% had moderate participation and 13.53% of them had high participation in rural leadership development activities. Results of the hypothesis testing revealed that at 5% level of confidence, significant relationship existed between sex (X2 = 59.4), level of education (X2 = 67.0), religion (X2 = 46.5), marital status (X2 = 35.87), Length of residency (X2 =35.01), level of education (X2 = 35.01) membership of community association (X2 =70.74), motivational factors (X2 = 48.60) and stages of participation while no significant relationship exist between age (X2 = 2.2) and stages of participation while no significant relationship exist between age. Conclusively, rural youth should be adequately motivated and oriented by the extension agents and community development workers in order to make them productive to themselves, to the rural community and bring about community development.

Participation of Youth in Rural Leadership Development Activities in Yewa South Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria

The focus of the study was to assess the levels of participation of youth in rural leadership development activities in Yewa South Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Purposive and systematic random sampling techniques were adopted for the study. This study considered the socio-economic characteristics of the rural youth, stages of participation in rural leadership development activities, motivational factors influencing youth`s participation and constraints to participation in rural leadership development activities. Structured interviewed scheduled were administered on 108 youths within the age of 18 – 35. Descriptive statistical techniques like frequency counts and percentage were used to analyse the data. Inferential statistics like chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between variables investigated in the study. The study revealed that 57.05% had low participation 29.42% had moderate participation and 13.53% of them had high participation in rural leadership development activities. Results of the hypothesis testing revealed that at 5% level of confidence, significant relationship existed between sex (X2 = 59.4), level of education (X2 = 67.0), religion (X2 = 46.5), marital status (X2 = 35.87), Length of residency (X2 =35.01), level of education (X2 = 35.01) membership of community association (X2 =70.74), motivational factors (X2 = 48.60) and stages of participation while no significant relationship exist between age (X2 = 2.2) and stages of participation while no significant relationship exist between age. Conclusively, rural youth should be adequately motivated and oriented by the extension agents and community development workers in order to make them productive to themselves, to the rural community and bring about community development. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA

Impact of Small and Medium Enterprises on Economic Growth and Development

This paper seeks to investigate Small and Medium Enterprises as a veritable tool in Economic Growth and Development. A survey method was used to gather data from 200 SME/Entrepreneurial officers and Managers from five selected local government in Nigeria namely; Ijebu North, Yewa South, Sagamu, Odeda and Ogun Waterside Local government. Data was collected with a structured questionnaire and analyzed with several descriptive statistics to identify the perception of the roles of SMEs in Nigeria. The results of the study therefore reveals that the most common constraints hindering small and medium scale business growth in Nigeria are lack of financial support, poor management, corruption, lack of training and experience, poor infrastructure, insufficient profits, and low demand for product and services. Hence, it therefore recommends that Government should as matter of urgency assist prospective entrepreneurs to have access to finance and necessary information relating to business opportunities, modern technology, raw materials, market, plant and machinery which would enable them to reduce their operating cost and be more efficient to meet the market competitions.

Mophometric Description of Gullies Developing on Coastal Plain Formations around Yewa South and Ipokia in Ogun State South-West Nigeria

This study attempts to document morphometric parameters of some selected gullies in Owode, Ajilete, Oke-Odan and Idiroko areas of Yewa South and Ipokia Local Government Area (L.G.A) of Ogun State, Nigeria. Gully morphometric parameters and their interrelationships were examined in the coastal plain formation area of Ogun State. A total of thirty-two (32) gullies were sampled and the measurements of vital gullies parameters were taken in the field. These included; length (distance from Gully head), Gully depth, bed-width, and shoulder-width and slope angle. Others were shoulder-width/bed-width ratio, shoulder-width/depth ratio and cross sectional area were derived as the product of depth and width. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to define the general morphometric characteristics of the sampled gullies. The mean, standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation were determined for further works. The Pearson’s product moment correlation was used to explore the difference between the mean values of the parameters. The analysis of the correlation matrix computed reveals that 65% of the correlation coefficient have relationships that are significant at 0.05 significance level while about 25% of the correlation coefficients have relationships that are not significant at all. Only 10% were found to be at the 0.01 level of significance. The result of the analyses shows that these gullies are simple in plan with more or less direct courses. In all, some has broad U-shaped form while others have V-shaped form. In the study, most of the correlation coefficient was strongly correlated. In conclusion, the differences observed in the study are believed to be attributable, to a large extent, to variation in soil texture, micro-climate, farm operation, vegetation cover and some other cultural practices in some of the places where these gullies are currently developing.

The Folklorist as Teacher: Towards the Use of Story Telling Pedagogy

Child learns best in his mother tongue and through stories related to his immediate environment. Teachers too often find out that pupils are eager to read stories they have seen on the screen, because the stories mean more to them. Pupils' experiences are broadened through watching films and listening to stories. Youngsters also want to discuss and write about the make-believe experience they have shared as they strengthen their communication. Unfortunately , the art of storytelling is almost extinct in Nigerian schools. This paper focuses attention on re-developing the curriculum and re- defining the technique of story telling. Fifty Yoruba teachers were randomly selected from secondary schools in Ojoo and Yewa south local governments of Lagos and Ogun state, Nigeria. Questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents. Results were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean, standard deviation t-test and PPMC.The results indicate that there is significant difference between folklorist as a teacher and the use of storytelling pedagogy , listening to folktales influence or af fects change of attitude, builds character , new concepts and ideas of the tar get audience. The implications for teacher education in the next millennium were highlighted.

A Survey of Teacher-Student Relations in Secondary Schools.

This paper examined teacher-student relationship in selected secondary schools in Yewa North, Yewa South, Ifo, Abeokuta North, Sagamu, Remo North, Ijebu-Ode and Ijebu- East local governments. The local governments were selected based on the four geo-political zones into which Ogun state has been divided. Using a total of 80 secondary schools (private schools inclusive), 10 teachers were drawn per school totaling 800 respondents. A self-constructed questionnaire titled: Teacher-Student Relations (TSR) with a reliability coefficient (r= 0.79) was used to collect data. Five null hypotheses were generated and analysed via Z-test at 0.05 level of significance. While hypotheses 1, 2, 3 and 5 established significant differences and therefore rejected, only hypothesis 4 indicated a non-significant difference and hence accepted. It was recommended among others that teacherstudents relations must be cordial always if the teaching learning process is to yield fruitful results. African Research Review Vol. 1 (3) 2007: pp. 65-75