Yemen Arab Republic Research Articles

Commercial Litigation in the Yemen Arab Republic With Special Reference To Marine Insurance

It is a grave mistake to try to deal with commercial litigation in the Yemen Arab Republic without specific reference to Yemen's common law, the Civil Law. Many foreign businessmen fall into that trap. Moreover, the interaction of Sharia and law in fact also means the interaction of the Civil and Commercial Law. Another important consideration for commercial lawyers is that the ordinary civil courts hear commercial cases outside San'a', Ta'iz and Hodeidah. Therefore the Civil Law is still an integral part of commercial litigation in the Yemen Arab Republic. However, as the commercial courts are divisional courts with benches of a somewhat different nature, it is best to examine the composition of these courts under

Oil and Gas Developments in Middle East in 1986

Petroleum production in Middle East countries during 1986 totaled 4,493,973,000 bbl (an average rate of 12,312,254 BOPD), up 22.3% from the revised 1985 total of 3,673,729,000 bbl. Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Abu Dhabi, and Oman had significant increases; Iran was the only Middle East country with a significant decrease. New fields went on production in Oman and Yemen Arab Republic, and significant discoveries were reported in Iraq, Yemen Arab Republic, Oman, and Syria. However, exploration was generally down in most countries. Exploration and production operations continued to be affected by war in Iraq and Iran.

Currency Substitution in Egypt and the Yemen Arab Republic: A Comparative Quantitative Analysis

The paper provides an empirical analysis of the determinants of currency substitution in Egypt and the Yemen Arab Republic over the period 1980-86. During this period, residents have exhibited a marked preference to substitute foreign money balances for domestic balances, as indicated by their holdings of foreign currency deposits. This preference reflects changes in the expected relative returns to, and liquidity of, holdings of foreign balances. Such changes, in turn, are shown to result from intensified financial and economic imbalances, increased political uncertainties, and changes in institutional factors which affect domestic channels for acquiring and using foreign exchange resources.

Early experience of an interconnected system in the Yemen Arab Republic

The provision of an interconnected power system for the Yemen Arab Republic provided the authors' company with major practical problems concerned with both the onerous conditions and also an unexpected geographical shift in demand growth

Currency Substitution in Egypt and the Yemen Arab Republic: A Comparative Quantitative Analysis

Currency Substitution in Egypt and the Yemen Arab Republic: A Comparative Quantitative Analysis

Damage to crops byMicrotermes najdensis (Isoptera, Macrotermitinae)in irrigated semi‐desert areas of the Red Sea coast 1. The Tihama region of the Yemen Arab Republic

Abstract Microtermes najdensis is widely distributed throughout irrigated cropping areas of the Tihama region in Yemen Arab Republic. It is subterranean and damages young and mature plants by penetrating the root system and ultimately the stem, causing wilting and death. Surveys showed that plant‐mortality without termite control ranged from 2–63% (average 20–30%) in cotton and maize. Pepper, okra and tomato were attacked less severely (average mortality of 10–20%). Tobacco, sorghum, millet and most vegetables suffered little damage (less than 2% stand loss) whereas experimental crops such as groundnuts, wheat and sesame suffered severe losses. Insecticides were evaluated as pre‐sowing soil treatments in cotton in two trials, one near Hudaydah and one near Zabid. At Hudaydah, Microtermes foraging began late in the season and there was little damage; plant mortality in untreated plots was 8.1–9.3%. At Zabid, foraging began earlier and mortality in untreated plots was 39.7–48.5%. Aldrin and chlordane at 1.0...

Variation between and within lentil landraces from Yemen Arab Republic

The variation in 31 landraces of lentil collected from Yemen Arab Republic was partitioned to estimate the variation between populations and the variation between families within populations by studying a total of 568 progenies of randomly selected plants. There was significant variation between populations and between families within populations in seedling pigmentation, time to flower, time to maturity and plant height, but the predominant source of variation was between populations. This variation was unrelated to altitude of collection. The landraces were equally variable across characters. The implications of this analysis of variation on lentil breeding and germplasm collection are discussed.

Changes in the response of Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) to a resistant variety of cowpea

Three strains of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), from Brazil, Nigeria and the Yemen Arab Republic, do not survive equally well or develop at the same rate in a resistant cultivar of cowpea, TVu 2027. First generation hybrids between them survive and develop at rates intermediate between those of their parents but generally nearer the level attained by the more successful or tolerant parental strain. The indication is therefore that resistance to antimetabolites in TVu 2027 in inherited as a dominant characteristic. Breeding of the Yemen and Nigerian strains on TVu 2027 for 3 generations demonstrated that the performance of the beetles rapidly improves in terms of both survival and developmental rate. It is concluded that the useful lifespan of TVu 2027 and its hybrid progeny, in respect of bruchid resistance, is probably very limited. The selection pressure imposed by its use would probably lead rather rapidly to the evolution of beetle populations capable of surviving in large numbers and spreading their resistant capacities through hybridization to other adjoining populations.

Rhynchosporium secalis . [Distribution map

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.) Davis. Hosts: Barley (Hordeurn), rye (Secale), and other Gramineae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania (Tanganyika), Tunisia, ASIA, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea, Lebanon, Turkey, USSR (Tashkent), Yemen Arab Republic, AUSTRALIA, Australia (New South Wales; Western Australia), (Tasmania), New Zealand, EUROPE, Austria, Belgium, Britain incl. Shetland Islands, Bulgaria, Crete, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irish Republic, Italy, Nether lands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, USSR (Latvia, Lower Volga), Yugoslavia, NORTH AMERICA, Alaska, Canada, Mexico, USA (Alabama, Tex.), CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Guatemala, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina (La Plata region, Patagonia), Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay.

The Effect of dietary protein level and age on the performance and carcass co~position of broiler chickens in Yemen Arab Republic

The Effect of dietary protein level and age on the performance and carcass co~position of broiler chickens in Yemen Arab Republic

A building education programme in North Yemen

In December 1982 the central highlands of the Yemen Arab Republic suffered an earthquake that caused extensive damage to traditional buildings in the area. In the aftermath of the relief effort for victims of the disaster, a project was set up to provide local builders with simple information about the means of strengthening homes. This education programme has now been running for almost three years. This report describes the activities of the project, and assesses some of the issues that emerge from this kind of education work, and the methods that have been used.

SELF-PRESCRIBING BY WAY OF PHARMACIES IN THREE ASIAN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

The pattern of advice given and drugs dispensed at 75 Asian pharmacies in response to the presentation of a fictitious infant with diarrhoea were studied. Only 16 of the 75 pharmacies gave the appropriate advice--oral rehydration or consultation with a health worker. 19 of 25 pharmacies in Bangladesh, 16 of 25 in Sri Lanka, and 24 of 25 in Yemen Arab Republic dispensed drugs, with or without oral rehydration solution. Fixed-dose combinations of antibiotics and antidiarrhoeal drugs were common. The results are discussed in relation to national drug and diarrhoeal control policies. After further development of the method it might become a useful monitoring instrument.

A study on antigen recognition by onchocerciasis patients with different clinical forms of disease.

Sera from 40 onchocerciasis patients from the Yemen Arab Republic with either mild localized forms of onchocerciasis, intermediate or severe localized forms of the disease or generalized forms of infection were studied with respect to their IgG and IgM response against Onchocerca volvulus antigens. Immunoblotting, performed with SDS-PAGE-separated proteins of female O. volvulus and quantified by densitometric scanning, revealed IgG and IgM antibodies against worm components in sera of all patients. Persons with intermediate or severe localized forms of onchocerciasis had a stronger IgG response against more proteins than individuals of the other groups. However, some antigens (Mr 21, 23, 30, 33 kDa) induced comparable quantities of IgG in all groups. The IgM response of patients with mild localized forms of onchocerciasis was more intensive and directed against more antigens than in the other groups. No antigens were detected that were recognized only by individuals with low levels of microfilaridermia. In all groups, varying concentrations of antibodies against cuticle, muscle/hypodermis layer and/or uterus of female O. volvulus were detected by the indirect immunofluorescence test using frozen worm sections as antigen. The highest mean antibody titres were found in patients with intermediate and severe localized forms of disease.

Peronospora tabacina . [Distribution map

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Peronospora tabacina Adam. Hosts: Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and other Solanaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, ASIA, Burma, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, USSR (Armenia, Republic of Georgia, Azerbaijan), Yemen Arab Republic, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia (New South Wales), (NT), (Queensland), (Victoria), (Western Australia), (Tasmania), (Southern Australia), EUROPE, Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy (incl. Sicily), Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, USSR (Crimea & E. Black Sea Coast), (Lithuania), (S.W. Ukraine), (Moldavia), Yugoslavia, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Cuba, Dominican, Guatemala, Jamaica, Salvador, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina (Tucuman), Brazil, Chile (Santiago), Uruguay.

Two species ofMicrotermes(Isoptera, Termitidae, Macrotermitinae) from the Arabian Peninsula

Microtermes yemenensis is described from the Yemen Arab Republic; it is confined to the mountains above 1000 m. The imagos of Microtermes najdensis Harris are described for the first time and revised descriptions are given of the soldier and worker castes; it is widely distributed throughout the Tihama and foothills up to 1000 m. These are the only known species of Microtermes in the Arabian Peninsula.

Energy used domestically in the Yemen Arab Republic

The annual patterns of energy consumption in residential dwellings in the provincial capital cities of the Yemen Arab Republic have been surveyed and analyzed during the period April to December 1982. Depending upon occupancy and energy-use patterns, as well as according to geographical location, the investigation indicated that the annual fuel consumption per house varied from 16 to 32GJ. Assuming that this domestic energy load was satisfied by conventional energy resources, a typical family of five in the Yemen Arab Republic would have spent between 29 and 51% of its income on fuel. The suitability of urban residential housing for harnessing solar energy, either passively, actively, or both has also been assessed. The prospects for employing passively-gained solar energy appear promising: in this respect, 70% of all urban residential houses considered have their walls oriented favourably without direct solar insolation being obstructed. Also 80·5% of the flat roofs were free from over-shading at all times, and thus were suitable locations for roof-mounted solar-energy harnessing devices.

The successful floodwater farming system of the Sabeans, Yemen Arab Republic

A brief survey is given of the history and location of the famous dam of Ma'rib in the Yemen Arab Republic to explain the almost unique situation in which an antique irrigation system, although out of order, has been preserved in most of its parts till modern times. Its long existence of more than two millenia proves its success. Major reasons for this successful irrigation practice are discussed: the importance of a strong management, the function of the dam as one of water diversion and the simplicity of the water distribution. By comparing the Sabean situation with the one that will occur after the implementation of the new Ma'rib Dam and Irrigation Project, conclusions about possible problems can be drawn.

Oil Exploration and Development in Marib/Al Jawf Basin, Yemen Arab Republic: ABSTRACT

Oil Exploration and Development in Marib/Al Jawf Basin, Yemen Arab Republic: ABSTRACT

Thermal behaviours of vernacular buildings in the Yemen Arab Republic

A simple steady-state mathematical model, describing the average total daily rate of heat loss through the walls, windows and flat roof of a generalised Yemeni building, has been developed. From this, a technique was evolved by which designers can predict approximately the transient rate of heat loss via traditionally employed combinations of indigenous materials, as used in the walls and roof. The principal variable is the ratio of the total glazed area for each storey to the corresponding sum of the surface areas of the solid walls and roof in contact with the ambient environment. The predictions, expressed graphically, enable designers to select the most suitable combination of locally available, indigenous building materials, so that more energy-effective dwellings can be built: these inhibit severely the heat fluxes entering the dwelling during the day-time and leaving at night.

Variation in the response of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) to a resistant veriety of cowpea

A Nigerian cultivar of the cowpea has previously been identified as being less suitable than conventional varieties for the development of a local strain of C. maculatus (F.). The survival and duration of development of the immature stages of three strains of C. maculatus in the dried seeds of this cultivar were compared with the performance of the same strains of beetle on a susceptible variety. In all beetle strains, fewer larvae survived to produce adults, and the duration of development was significantly extended, in the resistant cowpea cultivar. A Brazilian strain produced fewest adults and a Nigerian strain had the longest mean development period. Combining all the data, it appeared that a strain from the Yemen Arab Republic was least influenced and that from Brazil most adversely affected by the resistant cowpea. Evidence is presented indicating that factors in both the cowpea seeds and the beetles themselves may contribute to the poorer performance of bruchids in the resistant as compared to the susceptible variety.