Yellowish In Color Research Articles

Nonsense mutation in PMEL is associated with yellowish plumage colour phenotype in Japanese quail

The L strain of Japanese quail exhibits a plumage phenotype that is light yellowish in colour. In this study, we identified a nonsense mutation in the premelanosome protein (PMEL) gene showing complete concordance with the yellowish plumage within a pedigree as well as across strains by genetic linkage analysis of an F2 intercross population using approximately 2,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were detected by double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq). The yellowish plumage was inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, and the causative mutation was located within an 810-kb genomic region of the LGE22C19W28_E50C23 linkage group (LGE22). This region contained the PMEL gene that is required for the normal melanosome morphogenesis and eumelanin deposition. A nonsense mutation that leads to a marked truncation of the deduced protein was found in PMEL of the mutant. The gene expression level of PMEL decreased substantially in the mutant. Genotypes at the site of the nonsense mutation were fully concordant with plumage colour phenotypes in 196 F2 offspring. The nonsense mutation was not found in several quail strains with non-yellowish plumage. Thus, the yellowish plumage may be caused by the reduced eumelanin content in feathers because of the loss of PMEL function.

Engineering Properties of Volcanic Tuff from the Western Part of Yemen

This paper deals with a study of the physical and mechanical characteristics of volcanic tuff and ignimbrite from six quarries located at different areas in the western part of Yemen (Manakha, Jahran, Bakhran, Dar Al-Hanash, Abaser and Soraifa). In the region, volcanic tuffs and ignimbrite are locally known by their location names and have been used as solid masonry and cladding stones. All the investigated pyroclastic rocks belong to the Tertiary volcanic. The standard physical and mechanical tests (void ratio, porosity, density, specific gravity, water absorption, uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength) were carried out on the tuff and ignimbrite samples collected from different parts of the region. Laboratory tests revealed that the void ratio average values range between 0.12 and 0.37, the porosity ranges between 10.57 and 27.12%, the dry density ranges between 1.66 and 2.25 gm/cm3, specific gravity ranges from 1.45 to 1.94, and water absorption ranges from 4.69 to 16.39%. The measured uniaxial compressive strength values range from 24 to 68 MPa, and the tensile strength values range between 4 and 10 MPa. These tuffs and ignimbrites generally are light green, gray, beige, or yellowish in color. With these colors they are favoured for building, coating and decorative stone. This paper concludes that the studied stones have acceptable to good properties as dimension stone. Jahrani and Manakhi tuffs are the best quality, whereas Hanashi ignimbrite is of poorer quality.

Formulation and Characterization of Topical Anti-acne Spot Gel Containing Herbal Extracts

This research work aimed to prepare the topical anti-acne spot gel incorporating the crude polyherbal extract that is a traditional Thai herbal recipe, namely “Ya-Sa-Marn-Phlae”. The topical anti-acne spot gels were prepared by add the crude polyherbal extract in each microemulsion or self-microemulsifying system and subsequently mixed in the blank anti-acne spot gel. The pH, viscosity, stability, contamination test, and skin irritation test were evaluated. The topical anti-acne spot gel formulations had a yellowish in color that was visually checked by researcher and photographed by digital camera. They had a pH near to a human skin and good viscosity which ease to use and safe to contact to the skin. They had a good stability and no contamination of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The topical anti-acne spot gels exhibited no oedema formation, and very slight erythema formation. Thus, the topical anti-acne spot gels were safe to apply on the skin without irritation.

Pathology of congenital polycystic kidney disease in a stillborn foetus of fat-Tailed (Dumba) sheep

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is comprised of a heterogeneous group of hereditary, developmental and acquired disorders. In the present study, a stillborn female foetus of Dumba sheep was subjected to gross and histopathological examination. On external examination, the foetus was found to be over-weight (3.85 kg) with highly distended abdomen. After opening the carcass, it was found that both kidneys were enlarged, pale yellowish in colour, soft and doughy. After cutting, clear fluid oozed out from the kidneys, numerous fluid filled small cysts (0.3–7.0 mm) were observed diffusely distributed throughout the cortex and medulla. Microscopically, both the kidneys revealed identical histological alterations. The renal parenchyma revealed variable-sized, multiple fusi-form, round and cylindrical cysts. These cysts formed an irregular honeycomb of spaces separated by varying amounts of cellular and stromal components of the interstitium. There was severe dilatation of renal tubules lined by low cuboidal to flattened squamous or flattened columnar epithelium. The glomeruli were sporadic, small, and often hypoplastic or atrophic, located within a dilated Bowman's capsule. Grossly, the liver was enlarged, pale and friable. Microscopically, the hepatocytes revealed vacuolar degenerative changes and multiple small cysts. Characteristic cystic lesions were also observed in cardiac muscles. The present study confirmed congenital cystic kidney disease in fat-tailed (Dumba) sheep similar to autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease occurring in humans and juvenile polycystic disorders in several animal species.

Effect of Co-60 gamma radiation on optical, dielectric and mechanical properties of strontium L-ascorbate hexahydrate NLO crystal

A potentially useful nonlinear optical semi-organic single crystal of strontium L-ascorbate hexahydrate (SLAH) was grown by solution growth slow evaporation technique at room temperature. The grown crystal is semi transparent, yellowish in color with monoclinic crystal system having space group P21 and is stable up to 198°C. Further, SLAH crystals were irradiated with gamma rays produced by 60Co with different doses of 10 KGy, 30 KGy and 50 KGy at room temperature and then studied the effect of gamma-rays on dielectric properties, optical absorption, microhardness and SHG efficiency. The absorption study reveals that the absorbance of the grown crystal is appeared to be low throughout the visible region with a lower cutoff wavelength of 277nm and these parameters are not affected upon gamma irradiation. The luminescence intensity of the crystal is also not affected by the irradiation. There is noticeable changes were observed in dielectric properties and hardness of the materials for different doses of gamma irradiation. The second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of the grown crystal is 0.54 times that of the KDP crystal and is decreased moderately by increasing the dosage of gamma irradiation.

Preparation of omega 3 rich oral supplement using dairy and non-dairy based ingredients.

Fish oil is a rich source of omega 3 fatty acids, an essential fatty acid, vital for the functioning of the human body. But the undesirable flavour is an inherent limitation of fish oil which reduces its acceptability. Masking its fish flavour can increase acceptability of fish oil. The present study was focused on double encapsulation of fish oil to mask its distinct flavour. Fish oil was emulsified using soya lecithin where emulsifier to fat ratio was kept 1:4. The emulsion droplets were in the size range of 172.9±1.7 to 238.2±33.8nm. The emulsion was mixed with whey protein-sodium alginate solution and converted to beads by dropwise extrusion in calcium chloride solution. Droplets were converted to soft gel beads containing fish oil. The encapsulation efficiency was 89.3%. Fish oil flavour was perceived from the dried beads. Hence, beads were further coated with high melting fat using pan coater and flavoured for making beads palatable to use as an oral supplement. Beads were free-flowing and light yellowish in colour. Beads coated with high melting fat and vanilla flavour scored more in the sensory evaluation by panelists. Beads were kept in airtight pack and stored under refrigeration.

Response surface methodology to optimize enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction of maize germ oil.

The present study was aimed at optimizing the enzyme assisted aqueous extraction (EAAE) process for extraction of maize germ oil. The different EAAE process parameter viz., pH of the slurry, seed to water ratio, the temperature of incubation and time of hydrolysis were optimized for improving oil recovery and oil quality. The combined effect of independent variables on recovery of oil, time taken for oil extraction and various quality parameters were studied using response surface methodology. The designed experimental runs were conducted to obtain the optimal conditions as 5.85pH of slurry, 1:6.92 seed to water ratio, 45.12°C temperature of incubation and 1h time of hydrolysis. Oil extracted under these conditions was light yellowish in color and had a pleasant nutty taste, with maximum oil recovery of 70%. The extraction variables viz., pH of slurry, seed to water ratio, the temperature of incubation had a significant effect on recovery of oil and various quality characteristics, however the time of hydrolysis had a non significant effect.

Improvement of efficient in vitro regeneration potential of mature callus induced from Malaysian upland rice seed (Oryza sativa cv. Panderas)

A new and rapid protocol for optimum callus production and complete plant regeneration has been assessed in Malaysian upland rice (Oryza sativa) cv. Panderas. The effect of plant growth regulator (PGR) on the regeneration frequency of Malaysian upland rice (cv. Panderas) was investigated. Mature seeds were used as a starting material for callus induction experiment using various concentrations of 2,4-D and NAA. Optimal callus induction frequency at 90% was obtained on MS media containing 2,4-D (3mgL−1) and NAA (2mgL−1) after 6weeks while no significant difference was seen on tryptophan and glutamine parameters. Embryogenic callus was recorded as compact, globular and light yellowish in color. The embryogenic callus morphology was further confirmed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. For regeneration, induced calli were treated with various concentrations of Kin (0.5–1.5mgL−1), BAP, NAA and 0.5mgL−1 of TDZ. The result showed that the maximum regeneration frequency (100%) was achieved on MS medium containing BAP (0.5mgL−1), Kin (1.5mgL−1), NAA (0.5mgL−1) and TDZ (0.5mgL−1) within four weeks. Developed shoots were successfully rooted on half strength MS free hormone medium and later transferred into a pot containing soil for acclimatization. This cutting-edge finding is unique over the other existing publishable data due to the good regeneration response by producing a large number of shoots.

A Rare Case of Multifocal Giant Gell Tumor of the Tendon Sheath Involving Both the Hand and the Foot

A Rare Case of Multifocal Giant Gell Tumor of the Tendon Sheath Involving Both the Hand and the Foot

Polyurethane scaffold for the treatment of partial meniscal tears. Clinical results with a minimum two-year follow-up.

to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the polyurethane meniscal scaffold through clinical examination, MRI and arthroscopic second look, over a minimum two-year follow-up. between 2009 and 2011, 19 patients underwent meniscal scaffold implantation in our department (medial meniscus in 16 cases lateral meniscus in two cases, and bilateral in one case). All the patients were clinically evaluated preoperatively, and at 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery using Lysholm score, Tegner score, and VAS. Ten patients were studied with MRI, and nine patients were evaluated arthroscopically. no adverse reactions to the implant were observed. The clinical scores showed a significant improvement at 6 months and increased progressively over time. On MRI studies, the implants showed a clear hyperintense signal, sometimes irregular, and the chondral surface was preserved in all cases. At arthroscopic second look in the first months after surgery, the scaffold size was unchanged and the scaffold appeared light yellowish in color and well integrated into the surrounding tissues. At arthroscopic second look at 12 and 24 months the scaffold was found to have an irregular morphology and to be slightly reduced in size. polyurethane meniscal scaffold is a good alternative to a collagen scaffold, but a longer follow-up is needed to evaluate the scaffold degradation and chondral coverage. level IV, therapeutic case series.

Fluorotoxicosis in Diverse Species of Domestic Animals Inhabiting Areas with High Fluoride in Drinking Water of Rajasthan, India

Chronic fluorotoxicosis in the form of dental and skeletal fluorosis was observed in 443 immature and 2,155 mature domestic animals inhabiting tribal rural areas of southern Rajasthan, India. Their drinking water contained fluoride in the range between 3.1 and 6.1 ppm. These animals included cattle (Bos taurus), buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), horse (Equus caballus), donkeys (Equus asinus), dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius), sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra hircus). Of these immature and mature animals 172 (38.8 %) and 826 (38.3 %) showed evidence of dental fluorosis with varying grades, respectively. Their incisor teeth were bilaterally and vertically or horizontally brown to deep yellowish in colour. Also present, as indication of more severe dental fluorosis, were irregular wearing and excessive abrasions of teeth, deep yellowish discoloration of exposed cementum and/or remaining enamel surface and pronounced loss of teeth supporting bone with recession of gingiva. On clinical examination 12.1 % immature and 28.4 % mature animals revealed periosteal exostoses in mandibular regions, ribs, metacarpus and metatarsus, intermittent lameness, hoop deformities and stiffness of tendons in the legs as signs of severe skeletal fluorosis. In the fluorosed animals other signs of chronic fluoride intoxication as colic, intermittent diarrhoea, excessive urination, irregular reproductive cycles, repeated abortions, sterility and still birth were seen. No significant variation in prevalence of dental fluorosis was found between mature and immature animals. However, mature animals showed relatively higher (28.4 %) prevalence of skeletal fluorosis as compared to their counterparts (12.1 %). Among these animal species, buffaloes revealed the maximum prevalence of dental (96.8 %) and skeletal (66.9 %) fluorosis and minimum of 17.02 and 8.7 %, respectively, was observed in goats. However, prevalence and severity of osteo-dental fluorosis greatly varied from species to species and between grass-eaters or grazers (cattle, buffaloes and equines) and plant-eaters or browsers (camels and flocks). Causes for variation in prevalence and severity of fluoride toxicity in different species and between animals of different feeding habits are discussed.

Physiological responses to salt stress of T2 alfalfa progenies carrying a transgene for betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase

Glycinebetaine is an important quaternary ammonium compound generated in response to salt and other osmotic stresses in many organisms. Its synthesis requires the catalysis of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase encoded by a Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (BADH) gene that converts betaine aldehyde into glycinebetaine in some halotolerant plants. In this study, a BADH gene was over expressed in transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) plants using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic alfalfa plants grown under 9‰ NaCl grew well; while non-transgenic control plants turned yellowish in color, wilted, and eventually died. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Northern blot hybridization analyses demonstrated that the BADH gene was transferred into the T2 generation and segregated in a Mendelian fashion. Transgenic alfalfa plants expressing BADH showed significantly higher BADH enzyme activity and betaine contents when grown under 6‰ NaCl. Moreover, proline content in T2 lines were higher while electrolyte leakage and malonaldehyde content were lower in T2 lines compared with non-transgenic plants. These findings indicated that transgenic plants expressing BADH transgene exhibited higher salt tolerance than non-transgenic plants.

Paraurethral cyst in two female newborns: Which therapy option?

Paraurethral cysts are rare in females, especially in the neonatal period. The aetiology of congenital paraurethral cysts is obstruction of Skene's ducts from para/periurethral glands. Paraurethral cysts may be totally asymptomatic, non-tender, soft, cystic, ovoid masses about 6-10 mm in size and yellowish in colour. These lesions may be discovered on either side of the urethral meatus during routine examination and most of these resolve spontaneously. This study reports two female newborns with paraurethral cysts treated with needle aspiration because of difficulty in excretion of urine on the first day of life. The second case needed another course of needle aspiration 1 month later. There is no consensus on the treatment because of the benign nature of the paraurethral cysts and the probability of spontaneous regression. Surgical alternatives include excision, marsupialization and needle aspiration. If a surgical approach is needed, e.g. because of difficulty in urination, needle aspiration should be used as the initial surgical intervention.

Successful extirpation of thoracic pleural lipoma by single-port thoracoscopic surgery

Video-assisted thorascopic surgery (VATS) is a common technique for thoracic operations. Surgery with access via a single port has gradually become popular. We herein report the unusual case of a 53-year-old Japanese male patient whose chest X-rays revealed an abnormal shadow, which continued to increase in size. The tumor was excised by single-port access surgery. The resected tumor was a pedunculated pleural mass, yellowish in color, and pathological diagnosis confirmed a lipoma. We describe the first known successful treatment by single-port VATS.

Nosocomial Clostridium difficile Diarrhea in Patient with Malignancy

Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is the main pathogen causing antibiotics associated diarrhea and colitis. This bacterium increases with hospitalization with incidence of 20-60 cases per 100,000 patients/day. C. difficile is gram positive bacilli which produce toxins in 2,700 cases in every 100,000 exposures to particular antibiotics, such as clindamycin, cephalosporin, and ampicillin. These antibiotics disrupt the intestinal normal flora and predispose to colonization of C. difficile. This case described a 53-year old male patient with squamous cell carcinoma in his left ear who came to Department of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, with the complain of diarrhea since two weeks after one month hospitalization in Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat. The characteristics of the diarrhea were 10 times per day ± 100 mL, watery consistency, green yellowish in color, and no blood in the feces. Additionally, the patient also complained of pain in all parts of his stomach, especially in the epigastric area. Earlier, patient was given ceftazidime for 30 days of hospitalization. The serology examination of C. difficile in the feces showed positive result (titer = 0.790 and control = 0.190). During the colonoscopy examination, pancolitis was found and the pathologic anatomy result was found appropriate for infective colitis. Thereafter, antibiotic administration was ceased and metronidazole was administered intravenously three times a day. The diarrhea stopped after seven days and the patient was discharged. Keywords: Clostridium difficile, nosocomial diarrhea, malignancy

Pollen Morphology of the Species Belonging to the Genus Dontostemon (Andrz.) C. A. Mey. (Brassicaceae Jussj)

Pollen grains of fi ve species of the genus Dontostemon (Andrz.) C. A. Mey are studied in detail by using light and scanning electron microscopes. Pollen description of each taxon is given. Dry pollen grains are oval, tricolpate with average size of 27.4-38.1 μm in length, and 22.6-29.1 μm in width, light yellowish in color, reticulate on surface, which made of amorphous polygons, mostly pentagonal units of variable in size.

Symbionts of comatulid crinoids in False Bay, South Africa

This study documents the fauna associated with two common comatulid crinoid species, Comanthus wahlbergi and Tropiometra carinata, in False Bay, South Africa, and describes the patterns of infestation of obligate associate species. A total of 11 invertebrate species was found associated with one or both crinoids. Of these, three were considered obligate: the myzostomidans, Myzostoma fuscomaculatum and Myzostoma n.sp., and the shrimp, Hippolyte catagrapha, all of which only occurred on T. carinata. Both frequency and density of infestation were higher for the two myzostomes than for the shrimp. The majority of crinoids infested with myzostomes hosted two or more individuals, while H. catagrapha usually occurred singly. A total of 67.5% of all T. carinata collected were infested by symbionts. Of these 45% hosted only one species, 17% hosted two species and 5.8% hosted all three. Most M. fuscomaculatum (85.2%) and H. catagrapha (82.1%) matched their hosts’ colouring, while Myzostoma n. sp. were all yellowish incolour. Infestation by Myzostoma n. sp. increased in both frequency and density with depth. All three obligate symbiont species are new to science, illustrating the biodiversity that can still be uncovered by investigating new niches.

First report of rust caused by Coleosporium plumeriae on Plumeria alba in India

Plumeria alba (common name, white frangipani) is a deciduous ornamental shrub, which belongs to the family Apocynaceae. The flowers are used in medicine (Gunasingh & Nagarajan, 1980) and in religious ceremonies in India. In June 2007, diseased leaves of P. alba found in Umiam, Meghalaya (North East India) were diagnosed with rust. Orange-yellow pustules were present on lower leaf surface with corresponding small yellowish lesions on the upper surface. No symptoms were observed on either flowers or stem. Both mature and young leaves were found to be equally susceptible to the pathogen and severe infection often resulted in early leaf abscission. Uredinia were hypophyllous, erumpent and yellowish in colour. Echinulate uredinospores were light yellow (22·4–29·6 × 16·4–23·8 μ m) with walls 0·8 to 1·4 μ m thick. Telia were hypophyllous and reddish orange. Teliospores were clavate, four-celled and orange-yellow (76·3–93·4 × 17·3–22·7 μ m). Based on these morphological characters the pathogen was identified as Coleosporium plumeriae (Traquair & Kokko, 1980; Chung et al ., 2006). The hyperparasite Cladosporium cladosporioides was also found associated with uredinia on some leaves (Nowsher et al ., 1978). Parasitized pustules were greyish white and urediniospore walls were collapsed. Although this pathogen has been mentioned as part of a plant disease survey from Kerala (South India), it was not fully described (Hosagoudar et al ., 1996). It has not been reported from anywhere else in India, or adjoining countries. Therefore, this is the first fully described record of C. plumeriae on Plumeria alba in India.

Growth and characterisation of gadolinium samarium oxalate single crystals

AbstractSingle crystals of Gadolinium Samarium Oxalate (GSO) are grown by gel method. The crystals are pale yellowish in colour. Morphology and size of the crystals are found to depend on pH of the medium, gel density, concentration of the reactants and acidity of the feed solution. The crystallinity of the grown sample was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction studies and the lattice parameters were determined. X‐ray diffractogram shows well defined peaks. IR spectrum confirms the presence of water molecules and carboxylic group. EDAX analysis confirms the presence of Gd and Sm in the sample. The thermal decomposition behaviour of the crystal was analysed using TGA and DTA studies. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Primary carcinoid tumor of the ovary: a case report

Carcinoid tumors commonly occur in the gastrointestinal tract and lungs. However, carcinoid tumors of the ovary are rare, primary carcinoid tumors being even rarer, forming 0.3% of all carcinoid tumors. We present a case of a 55-year-old woman presented with symptoms of abdominal discomfort, weakness and fatigue. Pelvic ultrasound revealed a left-sided lobulated ovarian mass, which was solid with occasional internal scattered fluid areas. No other abnormality was detected on pelvic and abdominal ultrasonography. The findings of biochemical investigations were within normal limits. The patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salphingo-oophorectomy for a clinical suspicion of ovarian tumor. Gross examination revealed a large tumor completely replacing the ovary, which was predominantly solid with few cystic areas and yellowish in color. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of uniform population of polygonal cells with abundant granular cytoplasm, arranged in small acini, solid sheets, ribbons and trabecular pattern. No teratomatous component was seen either grossly or microscopically. The tumor cells showed the strong expression of Chromogranin A and synaptophysin on immunohistochemistry. On the basis of this, a diagnosis of primary ovarian carcinoid was made. We conclude that it is important to be aware of this entity in the pathological diagnosis of ovarian tumors, even in the absence of any clinical indicator of carcinoid tumor/syndrome, as it carries a markedly better prognosis and clinical outcome in comparison with most other malignant ovarian tumors.