Shades Of Yellow Research Articles

Ultrasound-assisted dyeing of cotton fabric with natural dye extracted from Marigold flower

The eco-sustainable natural dyes and their application are increasing due to the control of pollution, biological protection and easy application. In this study, Marigold natural dye was extracted from the flowers of the indigenous crop and applied onto cotton fabric by ultrasound-assisted dyeing method. In the first stage, the extraction of natural dye was optimized. Afterward, mercerized cotton fabric was dyed with the extracted Marigold dye. The dyed fabrics produced yellow shades onto cotton substrate. Higher colored yields of the dyed fabrics up to the value of 25 and acceptable colorfastness were achieved at optimized conditions. However, dyeing by pre-mordanting method, washing fastness was marginally improved. Comparing conventional and ultrasound dyeing methods, savings in amount of water (around 16%), thermal energy (for lesser dyeing temperature) and salt concentration (around 14%) required for ultrasound dyeing were notable. Also, representative wastewaters showed around 30% reduction in the total dissolved solids contents. Additionally, tensile strength, stiffness and surface morphology of the dyed fabrics were also assessed and found acceptable.

Effect of different shielding conditions on the stability of Cisplatin

BackgroundBecause cisplatin (CDDP) decreases upon light exposure, it is necessary to prevent such exposure during administration. However, the shielding conditions employed are not uniform. Therefore, in this study, we examined the shielding effects of four shading covers, which are commonly used to ensure the stability of CDDP in clinical settings.MethodsFour shielding conditions, along with a control, were tested under a 1000-Lux white fluorescent lamp at room temperature: aluminum foil (Al), brown shading cover (BSC), yellow shading cover (YSC), milky-white anti-exposure cover (MAC), and no shading cover (NSC). Under each shielding condition, the relationship between the wavelength and transmittance was monitored in the range of 200–800 nm. CDDP was diluted to three concentration levels: 50, 100, and 250 μg/mL. Furthermore, the amount of remaining CDDP and the pH in the solutions were measured for 120 h.ResultsWe found that BSC, YSC, and MAC conditions allowed various levels of transmittance; however, Al could not completely transmit light at all wavelengths. Moreover, we showed that the CDDP decreased under MAC and NSC conditions in a time-dependent manner, whereas this decrease was prevented under Al, BSC, and YSC conditions till 120 h. We also demonstrated increases in pH under MAC and NSC conditions in a time-dependent manner, which was prevented under Al, BSC, and YSC conditions till 120 h. Similar results were observed for all three CDDP concentration levels. The results also indicated the approximate relationship between the amount of remaining CDDP and the pH increase.ConclusionsConsidering the opacity of each cover, our results suggest that BSC and YSC are useful and effective for minimizing CDDP degradation in clinical settings. Our results also indicate the alternatives for preparing, storing, and administering CDDP in clinical facilities, making the treatment schedule more flexible. Cumulatively, these findings indicate that the use of the appropriate shading covers, such as BSC or YSC, prevents the decrease in CDDP under fluorescent lighting, potentially contributing to achieving its full therapeutic effect.

Impact of varying agrometeorological indices on peel color and composition of Kinnow fruit (Citrus nobilis Lour x Citrus deliciosa Tenora) grown at different ecological zones.

Kinnow orchards were selected in different ecological zones in districts Sargodha, Toba Tek Singh (TTS) and Vehari of the Punjab province, Pakistan. Three biological replicates in block form were applied by using analysis of variance techniques to assess varying agrometeorological indices impact on fruit color-development and peel composition. Fruit samples were randomly collected on each month's end starting from August up to February. Chromameter was used for measuring coloring parameters and its values a*, b*, C* and L* were increased from August till February with a rapid elevation started at color-break stage, while hue angle (h*) rotated from 120° to 60° of portraying green to yellow shade. An increasing level of chlorophyll contents were noted in August till color-break at the end of October and then diminished afterwards. Whereas, carotenoids increased rapidly upon yellow tinting peel of Kinnow fruits till fully attained deep orange color at the end of February. Ascorbic acid content and total phenolic content (TPC) showed a decreasing trend whereas anthocyanins and antioxidant activity were increased from August to February, with unchanged flavonoids and flavonols level. Fruit firmness was gradually reduced till color-break with rapid reduction noted subsequently. Maturity index represented internal ripening directly increased with color-development. Color development has directly influenced on maturity index and both were increased rapidly after color-break to afterwards. More color development with rapid reduction in chlorophyll, ascorbic acid and TPC level were seen in warm districts namely TTS and Vehari after color-break stage due to accumulating more agrometeorological indices. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

Abstract WP76: Artificial Intelligence CTA Vessel Density Mapping to Enhance Identification of Large Vessel Occlusions in Mobile Stroke Unit

Background: Equipped with CT scanners capable of imaging the brain parenchyma and vasculature, Mobile Stroke Units (MSU) have the ability to image, diagnose and treat stroke patients in the prehospital setting. Automated CTA vessel density mapping could enhance frontline neurologist scan review in identifying large vessel occlusion (LVO), ensuring appropriate patient diagnosis and routing. Methods: We analyzed consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing CTA imaging in a regional Mobile Stroke Unit. Automated CTA vessel density mapping was performed in the field immediately after scan completion. CTA source images were wirelessly transferred to an off-site processing server (RAPID.Ai, IschemiaView) for artery reconstruction and color-coded density mapping, with blue, green, yellow, and red color shading indicating vessel density decreases of 70%-85%, 60%-75%, 45%-60%, and <45%. Results: Among all 16 patients, median processing time was 186 secs, and all images were available in time to aid clinical decision-making. Overall, automated processing yielded evaluable images in 94% (suboptimal contrast opacification precluded analysis of 1). Of the 15 diagnostically adequate exams, 100% (15/15) showed concordance for identification of anterior circulation occluded/abnormal vessel territories between automated CTA vessel density mapping and expert physician final CTA interpretation. Cases included true positives in 7, and true negatives in 8. Among true positives, CTA vessel density mapping identified the symptomatic occlusion in 6/6 and also correctly identified a severe cervical ICA stenosis unrelated to the clinical presentation in 1/1. Correctly detected intracranial occlusions included: ICA-17%. M1-17%, M1-M2 junction-17%, and M2-50%. Degree of vessel density diminution correlated with proximal-distal occlusion location. Conclusion: CTA vessel density mapping can feasibly and efficiently be conducted in Mobile Stroke Units and shows high accuracy in detection of large and medium intracranial vessel occlusions. Extension of mapping to the intracranial posterior circulation and algorithmic adjustment for proximal cervical stenoses/occlusions would further improve utility in aiding prehospital routing.

Intention to seek esthetic dental treatment and the theory of planned behavior in Saudi dental students and the general population

Statement of problemTooth shade is of major concern for patients when receiving esthetic dental treatment. Understanding the motivating factors that drive patients' intentions to seek esthetic dental treatment helps in planning services. PurposeThe purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess the relationship between the intention to seek esthetic dental treatment and the theory of planned behavior (TPB), including attitude regarding tooth shade, perceived ability to seek treatment, and subjective norms of how others perceive tooth shade. Material and methodsThe study included first-year dental students and clinic patients in a Saudi dental school (N=283). The shade of the maxillary central incisors was clinically assessed by using the Crystaleye spectrophotometer, and the L*, a*, and b* values were recorded. Participants were asked to select a shade that represented how others perceived their shades by using the VITA classical shade guide and to respond to a self-administered questionnaire based on a TPB assessing attitude regarding shade (9 items), perceived ability to seek esthetic treatment (7 items) on a 5-point Likert scale, and intention to seek esthetic treatment. The internal consistency of the TPB items was assessed, and scores were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with the intention to seek esthetic treatment, including the TPB components controlled for L*, a*, and b* values in addition to age (α=.05). ResultsOf all participants, 49.5% indicated that they intended to seek esthetic treatment. The most commonly perceived shades were B1, B2, A2, A1, and A3 (76%). In adjusted regression, the intention to seek esthetic treatment was significantly associated with a more positive attitude regarding shade (OR=2.31, 95% CI=1.54, 3.47) and a lower b* value (OR=0.74, 95% CI=0.59, 0.93), but not with shade coordinates (P values of L*=.94, a*=.64, and b*=.13). ConclusionsIntention to seek esthetic dental treatment was associated with a positive attitude regarding the importance of shade and a greater perception of having a less yellow shade, regardless of the shade.

New series of brilliant yellow colorants in rare earth doped scheelite type oxides, (LiRE)1/2WO4- BiVO4 for cool roof applications

New series of brilliant yellow colorants with high NIR reflectance in rare earth doped scheelite type oxides, [(LiRE)0.125Bi0.75][W0·25V0.75]O4 (RE = La–Yb) and [(LiLa)x/2Bi1-x][WxV1-x]O4 (x = 0–0.3) were developed by the ceramic route. Different advanced techniques were used to examine the structural, morphological and optical properties of the synthesized colorants. The pigment series [(LiLa)x/2Bi1-x][WxV1-x]O4 undergoes a structural transformation from a monoclinic to a tetragonal scheelite phase and the second pigment series with various rare earth substitutions crystallize with a tetragonal phase. Strong absorption in the ultraviolet and blue region is observed for all the samples leading to brilliant yellow colorants with high solar reflectance. The band gap variation associated with the introduction of different energy levels between valance band and conduction band defines the various yellow shades of the pigments. Classically [(LiGd)0.125Bi0.75][W0·25V0.75]O4 pigment showed intense yellow color (b* 84.62) having NIR reflectance of 94% that has improved values than the commercially available Sicopal yellow. The probable applicability studies of [(LiLa)0·125Bi0.75][W0·25V0.75]O4 pigment as cool pigment was also exemplified on a concrete cement block and on a metal sheet. Chemical resistance tests are a sign of their permanence in the severe weathering conditions. These pigments are found to be promising ones for exterior coating energy saving applications.

Anthocyanin copigmentation and color attributes of bog bilberry syrup wine during bottle aging: Effect of tannic acid and gallic acid extracted from Chinese gallnut

Tannic and gallic acids, extracted from Chinese gallnut, were applied as copigments to bog bilberry syrup wine with two different mass ratios of 1:2.5 and 1:6 of anthocyanin to copigment. The effect of copigmentation on anthocyanins and the changes in non-anthocyanin compounds and color characters during 6 months of aging were studied. Addition of copigment significantly helped to retain redness while reduced increase in the yellow shade and lightness. After 6 months of aging, the syrup wines with added copigments had 1.4–1.8 times higher total anthocyanin content compared to the control. The percentage of polymeric anthocyanins in copigment treated wines was lower than in control wine. Oppositely, the copigment treated wines possessed a higher percentage of copigmented anthocyanins than the control. The highest value of redness, the lowest percentage of polymeric anthocyanins and the highest percent of copigmented anthocyanins were presented in the wines treated with a high dosage of gallic acid. Practical applications Bottle aging shows a negative effect on the appearance of bog bilberry syrup wine. Copigmentation between anthocyanins and copigments is an alternative approach to prevent the loss of color during aging. However, the high expense of pure copigments limits the application of this protocol in wine industry. The cheaper copigments of tannic acid and gallic acid, extracted from Chinese gallnut, were used in the present study and presented positive effects on remaining red hub of bog bilberry fermented products through the enhancement of anthocyanin copigmentation. The current study provides new insights on exploiting somewhat poorly utilized bog bilberry byproduct in wine industry. The findings also verify the practicable of the economical copigments of Chinese gallnut extracted tannic and gallic acids in bog bilberry fermented products. On the other hand, observations made with bog bilberry in this study may be exploited with other berry materials, as well.

Evaluation of the chemical, physical and nutritional composition and sensory acceptability of different sweet potato cultivars

The aim of the study was to evaluate the chemical, physical and nutritional composition and sensory acceptability of different sweet potato cultivars to classify the best genotypes for human consumption. We evaluated ten genotypes extracted from the Germplasm bank of Midwest State University, Brazil. The cultivars were evaluated regarding their sensory acceptability and chemical (reducing sugar; nonreducing sugar; total sugar; pH; total soluble solids; titratable acidity; total soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio; and instrumental colour) and nutritional composition (moisture; ash; protein; lipid; carbohydrate; energy value; total carotenoid; and ascorbic acid). Greater scores (p < 0.05) for overall acceptance were obtained for the white pulp genotypes Amorano, Júlia, UGA 45, and UGA 49. There was a statistical difference (p < 0.05) in the chemical and nutritional composition of sweet potatoes, except for the pH values. Generally, tuber have a light colour (values of L* greater than 50) with a yellow shade (b*) and green subshade (negative a* values). The exception was noticed in the UGA 34 genotype, which presented a higher red shade (positive a* value) and a yellow subshade. The cultivars more indicated for human consumption were the UGA 34 (favorable nutritional profile), UGA 45 (better acceptability and favorable chemical and nutritional composition), and Amorano (better acceptability and favorable chemical composition). On the other hand, the UGA 29 genotype may be characterized as the less appropriated for consumption. That, due to its less acceptance from the consumers and an inferior chemical and nutritional characterization. We conclude that the Brazilian sweet potato cultivars more indicated for human consumption are the UGA 34, UGA 45 and Amorano, considering that present more favorable chemical, nutritional and sensory acceptability characteristics. The UGA 29 genotype may be characterized as less recommended for consumption.

Elastic Staining on Paraffin-embedded Slides of pT3N0M0 Gastric Cancer Tissue.

The elastic lamina, which is usually located in the sub-mesothelial layer, adjacent to the peritoneum mesothelial cells, is amphiphilic on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining but can be visualized through elastic staining. One of the important benefits of elastic staining is that it makes it easy to determine whether tumor cells have invaded beyond the elastic lamina. This helps in examining the extent of peritoneal surface invasion, thereby distinguishing the pT3 and pT4 stages in gastrointestinal cancer. In this study, we present a protocol to identify elastic fibers in the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pT3N0M0 gastric cancer tissue sections. We prepare 5-µm paraffin sections fixed on slides, and then all the slides are deparaffinated and rehydrated during the staining procedure. Subsequently, all the sections are oxidized by potassium permanganate, bleached by oxalic acid, stained by elastic staining, and counterstained by Van Gieson's. Finally, we examine the effect of staining; elastic lamina is stained blue-black and collagen fibers are stained red, while the cancer cells are stained in varying shades of yellow. We also describe in detail the methods used for determining the positional relationship between cancer cells and elastic lamina. This method is simple, low-cost, and widely applicable in the identification of peritoneal surface invasion in gastrointestinal cancer because of its outstanding selectivity for elastic fibers and authentic results.

Colouring of Pacific barkcloths: identification of the brown, red and yellow colourants used in the decoration of historic Pacific barkcloths

Barkcloth textiles made in the Pacific islands and collected by western explorers in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries form part of many museum collections worldwide. Here high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were used on cloths that were highly coloured or pigmented specifically focussing on identifying the red, yellow and brown colorants. The cloths studied came from collections held at the Hunterian, University of Glasgow, the Economic Botany Collection, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew and the Centre for Textile Conservation and Technical Art History, University of Glasgow. HPLC analysis was carried out following a sequential extraction procedure to minimise changes to the colorants during extraction. A portable XRF was used so no invasive sampling was required. A small number of plant derived colorants were found, Morinda citrifolia, noni (morindin or morindone), Rubia tinctorum (madder), tree tannins and Curcuma longa (turmeric) plus an inorganic colorant, iron oxide. For 40 samples a single colorant was found while in the remaining 12 samples combinations of up to three colorants were found. Madder was found in only 2 samples on the same cloth. The morindone coloured samples were all red whereas morindin samples were both red and yellow. Morindin was used predominantly in combination with other colouring agents. A combination of iron ochre and organic colorant was found in 4 samples. These findings show that despite the numerous potential colorant sources for red, brown and yellow shades listed in the many accounts of historic barkcloth making, only five types of plant colourant and one inorganic pigment were found. There are a number of potential reasons for these findings. Some colours may have faded and so no longer appear coloured. It is also possible that, as some of these cloths were prepared specifically as gifts for visitors or for ceremonial uses, the makers used materials that they knew would retain their integrity over time. Perhaps, like artisans worldwide, experience had taught them that some colorants, although initially bright and vivid, faded over time.

Swim Swim Sink by Jenn Harney

Reviewed by: Swim Swim Sink by Jenn Harney Kate Quealy-Gainer, Assistant Editor Harney, Jenn Swim Swim Sink; written and illus. by Jenn Harney. Disney Hyperion, 2020 [38p] Trade ed. ISBN 978-1-368-05276-4 $12.99 Reviewed from galleys R 3-5 yrs Three tiny ducklings hatch in the opening pages of this rhyming picture book and predictably follow mama duck to the water, where they all "Splish! Splish! Splash" into the water for their first swim. Except the last little one isn't quite as adept at its new environment as its siblings, so there the pattern is "Swim. Swim … Sink." Subsequent attempts by the duckling to stay afloat—using a helpful turtle, water wings, a scuba suit, and a jet ski when things really get desperate—don't pan out, but ultimately our feathered friend finds a perfect solution in repurposing its eggshell as a boat. The tale's a bit slight, but the narrator sets the stage for silliness early and quickly addresses the biggest kink in the premise: "Huh … I didn't know ducks could sink." The use of triple-patterned repetition creates an easy predictability for youngsters and a chance to join in the telling, and there's a cheeky subversion of a ducks-in-a-row type of orderliness with our protagonist's final choice of transportation. Linework of the digital illustrations has an energetic verve, and full spreads are appropriately washed in shades of teal and bright duckling yellow. This makes an obvious choice for a duck-themed storytime, but it might also pair well with Detlefsen's 1, 2, 3, Jump! (BCCB 4/19) as inspiration for pool- or pond-side fun. Copyright © 2019 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Inkjet Printing of Curcumin-Based Ink for Coloration and Bioactivation of Polyamide, Silk, and Wool Fabrics

This work presents a facile and sustainable way of fabricating the antibacterial and antioxidant printed polyamide (PA), silk, and wool fabrics with brilliant yellow shade through inkjet printing o...

Metal-free Dyeing of Cotton Fabric Using Mangrove Bark Polyphenols via Azoic Dyeing

This study proposed a novel azoic dyeing method, in which mangrove bark extract was used as the colorant. This approach eliminates the use of toxic metallic mordants. Polyphenols from mangrove bark were selected as the natural coupling component. These were applied to cotton fabric using an exhaust method, then reacted with diazonium salt prepared from a powerful primary aromatic amine (p-nitroaniline). Four concentrations of p-nitroaniline were tested from 0.5-7 % owf, produced a range of shades from pale to dark. The study confirmed that fabric was effectively and efficiently dyed with a high degree of color yield. Azoic dyeing produced a uniform bright yellow shade, with homogeneous penetration of the dye molecules. An extended range of plant materials were then investigated, and a significant correlation was found between the total phenolic content of the plant materials and the K/S of the dyed cotton. This confirmed that the proposed method can be used to fix natural dye to a cotton substrate, as long as the plant extract contained polyphenol. The colorimetric properties (L* a* b*, and K/S) of the dyed fabric were compared with those produced by traditional mordants (AlK(SO4)2 and FeSO4). The formation of azo linkages on the fabric was confirmed by ATR FTIR. Color fastness to washing and dry crock fastness were found to be acceptable, though the wet crock fastness and light fastness were low, due to the formation of surface dye on the fibers.

Improved coloristic properties and high NIR reflectance of environment-friendly yellow pigments based on bismuth vanadate

Herein, fine powders of yellow pigments based on BiVO4 were successfully prepared in two crystalline forms, tetragonal zircon-structured and monoclinic scheelite-structured, through a ethylene glycol-assisted method subjected to a thermal treatment at two different temperatures. The obtained materials were brightly colored with different hues of yellow, exhibited high reflection in the near-infrared region and showed visible luminescence under excitation by UV light. The new preparation method had a considerable effect on chromatic properties of the prepared scheelite-structured BiVO4 pigments. The sample with the most vivid and bright shade of yellow was found to have the L*a*b* and L*C*ab h*ab color coordinates of (87.28, 0.37, 91.53) and (87.28, 91.53, 89.79), which are indicative of exceptionally good chromatic properties superior and/or comparable to those of other inorganic yellow pigments, both commercially available and recently described. In addition, the NIR reflectance of this powder was very high (≥ 80%).

Fifty shades of yellow

The color of ternary Au-Ag-Cu alloys is investigated; a simple and efficient model relying only on the reflectance of gold, silver, and copper is suggested. The alloy color diagram (a⋆,b⋆) based on the alloy proportion (u, v) has the shape of a “wizard’s hat” with special properties. Leuser’s classical triangle can be improved upon these results.

A new high-throughput method to make a quality control on tattoo inks.

Nowadays, practice of tattooing is very common worldwide and, along with this increasing trend, there is also an increased risk of adverse reactions to tattoo pigments that are well known and described in literature. Previous studies have reported that cutaneous and allergic reactions to a particular pigment can manifest in several ways (allergic contact dermatitis and photo-allergic dermatitis). In this paper, a new high-throughput method is presented, in order to achieve a new system for the quality control on tattoo inks based on chromatographic-spectroscopic approach. The samples, twenty-one tattoo inks and three permanent makeup, comprised the following colors: black inks, yellow, blue, green, white, pink and various shades of red (pigment that gives many allergic responses) were analyzed through the combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, the HPTLC-Raman. In particular, Raman technique has been chosen because of its high sensitivity towards the inorganic and organic pigments, main constituents of tattoo inks. Moreover, the advantage of this hyphenated technique is to overcome the problem of analysing the complex mixture of tattoo inks, allowing to obtain a Raman spectrum of each single component, isolated by chromatographic separation. This approach aims at developing a powerful instrument to establish the nature of tattoo inks and substances that could be cause adverse reactions in tattooed patients.

Chemical composition of bilberry wine fermented with non-Saccharomyces yeasts (Torulaspora delbrueckii and Schizosaccharomyces pombe) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in pure, sequential and mixed fermentations

This study evaluated the effects of fermentation with pure cultures of Torulaspora delbrueckii (TD291 and TD70526) and Schizosaccharomyces pombe (SP3796 and SP70572), as well as in sequential and mixed inoculations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on the chemical composition of bilberry wine. In comparison to the bilberry wines produced by pure and sequential fermentations, mixed cultures produced bilberry wines with more ethanol, higher pH values, higher percentages of red and yellow shade, but less glycerol and acetaldehyde. Higher values of color intensity and bluish parameter were found in products of pure fermentations with non-Saccharomyces yeasts. Compared to S. cerevisiae, T. delbrueckii contributed to the reduction of ethanol and acetic acid while increasing the content of succinic acid, lactic acid and higher alcohols; S. pombe consumed malic acid almost completely and produced more glycerol, acetaldehyde and/or pyruvic acid. Fermentation with SP70572 had the highest amounts of anthocyanins and hydroxycinnamic acids derivatives.

Evaluation of integrated color-coded perfusion analysis for contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) after percutaneous interventions for malignant liver lesions: First results.

With the rising number of percutaneous ablation therapies in malignant liver lesions there is a need of reliable diagnostics after the intervention to differentiate between reactive changes and tumor. To assess the success of percutaneous ablation therapies for malignant liver lesions using CEUS with perfusion analysis. Retrospective analysis of perfusion analysis for 67 patients with 94malignant liver lesions, treated with ablation therapies. The lesions were 70hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), 18metastases, 4cholangiocellular carcinomas (CCC), 2lesions remained unclear. CEUS was performed after bolus injection of 1.6-2.4 ml of sulfur-hexafluoride microbubbles. The perfusion analysis was calculated using Peak, TTP, mTT and AUC with integrated software during the late arterial to early portal-venous phase for approximately 9 sec (5-15 sec). For the evaluation of the success after percutaneous treatment the perfusion results were compared to the follow-up control after 6 months with CT and MRI and CEUS. Perfusion analyses after percutaneous treatment of malignant liver lesions showed highly significant perfusion differences when comparing the center to the surrounding tissue and the margins (p<0.0001) for Peak and also for AUC. 62lesions were successfully treated, meaning there was no local recurrence after 6 months. In cases of residual tumor CEUS showed a nodular marginal enhancement, the corresponding perfusion analyses showed nodular red and yellow pseudo-color shades. Using CEUS and perfusion analysis, a critical analysis of post-ablation defects in malignant liver lesions is possible. With the help of pseudo-colors, remaining tumor-vascularization can be detected.

Economically viable UV-protective and antioxidant finishing of wool fabric dyed with Tagetes erecta flower extract: Valorization of marigold

Technological advancements and upgraded human choices have opened scientific ways to utilize ecofriendly and never ending natural resources. Natural dyeing compounds extracted from plants, well known for various biological activities, are playing significant role for the growing demands of textile industrial and healthcare sectors. Marigold (Tagetes erecta), a multipurpose plant, is utilized for wool functionalization; coloration, UV protection and antioxidant finishing. Carotenoid compounds of marigold aqueous extract produced natural yellow shades on wool fabric of good color and fastness properties. Obtained color palettes were broadened with the application of metallic salt mordants. UV protection ability of dyed wool fabric was assessed in terms of UPF (UV protection factor) and UV transmittance values in ultra-violet region (UV-A and UV-B). More adsorbed dye compounds on wool accordingly increased the activity from 6.85 to 50+ in terms of UPF values and much lowered UV transmittance (less than 5%). Application of mordants enhanced dye adsorption via increased active sites through coordination bonding and improved activity simultaneously. UV radiations hazardous effect is also associated with oxidative stress by free radicals production. Carotenoids abstract peroxy free radicals, and extended conjugation in their chemical structure makes a stable entity (carbon centered free radical) via resonance stabilization. Dye concentration and metallic mordants positively affected antioxidant activity owing to more compounds adsorption.

Combined selection in carioca beans for grain size, slow darkening and fast-cooking after storage times

Carioca bean presents grain darkening and increase in the cooking time in postharvest; this results in consumer rejection. The objective of this study was to select carioca bean genotypes with commercial grain size, slow darkening, and fast-cooking after storage. The completely randomized design was used in a 9 × 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, with three replications. Treatments consisted of nine common bean genotypes, four grain storage times (0, 2, 4 and 6 months), and two cultivation years (2014 and 2015). Carioca bean genotypes differed for mass of 100 grains, L, a* and b* values, water uptake, and cooking time; changes observed for these traits were not constant during storage and cultivation years. C 10-2-4/41 presents medium-sized beans (25.11 g), clearer color (L ≥ 55.00) with slightly red (a* ≤ 7.00) and slightly yellow (b* ≤ 16.00) shades, and fast-cooking (< 20 min) for fresh grains and grains stored for 6 months. The three superior carioca bean genotypes selected by the multiplicative index were C 10-2-4/41, Perola, and CNFC 11 948. C 10-2-4/41 presents commercial grain size, slow darkening and fast-cooking after 6 months of refrigerated storage and will be selected for the breeding program.