Yellow Group Research Articles

Analysis of acute non-pharmaceutical toxic exposures in children: a 5-year retrospective study

ObjectiveThis study aims to systematically analyze the epidemiological characteristics, clinical interventions and outcomes of children with acute non-pharmaceutical toxic exposures.MethodsThis retrospective study included all children with acute non-pharmaceutical toxic exposure admitted to the emergency department of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2023. Eligible patients were triaged into red, yellow, and green groups according to their severity condition. Clinical information including demographics, exposure details, clinical manifestation, laboratory results, treatments, and outcomes were extracted from electronic medical records. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors associated with hospitalization.ResultsOverall, a total of 718 patients with acute non-pharmaceutical toxic exposures was included in this study, infants and toddlers accounting for 57.9%. The male-to-female ratio was 1.16:1. The majority exposure events occurred at home (89.3%) and in urban settings (78.4%). Accidental poisoning was the predominant cause, accounting for 94.7%, and the primary route of exposure was oral (93.6%). Mercury was the most common exposed substance, representing 18.8% of cases, particularly among preschool-aged children (31.7%). Patients triaged to red zone had a higher proportion of clinical manifestation and required more aggressive treatments. Although most patients discharged without treatment (78.4%), 19.1% need emergency observation, and 2.5% required hospitalization. Logistic regression analysis showed that corrosive household products exposure (OR = 42.747, 95% CI[5.041–362.520]), skin and mucosal damage (OR = 37.052, 95% CI[5.339–257.153]), pesticides exposure (OR = 33.322, 95% CI[3.863–287.423]), heavy metals exposure (OR = 31.636, 95% CI[1.471–680.210]), neurological manifestation (OR = 22.656, 95% CI[4.766–107.711]), positive toxicology results (OR = 15.105, 95% CI[6.584–34.656]), industrial products exposure (OR = 10.294, 95% CI[1.144–92.641]), and intentional poisoning (OR = 3.060, 95% CI[1.733–5.405]) associated with hospitalization.ConclusionPediatric patients exposed to some specific toxicants like industrial products and corrosive household products might associated with a higher risk of severe clinical outcomes. Advocating for enhanced safety regulations or educations and public health initiatives to mitigate the incidence of such exposures is still important for protecting children's health.

Dietary Supplementation of Solid-state Fermented Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) Larvae Meal Enriched by Lactobacillus sp. in Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)

The current study examined the dietary solid-state fermented yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae meal inclusion on growth performance, gut microbiota, body composition, liver and intestinal histology and histomorphometric parameters in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) for 84 days. Guppies were fed diets included with no supplementation (C); 4 g/kg yellow mealworm larva meal (G1), 4 g/kg solid-state fermented with Lactobacillus brevis yellow mealworm larvae meal (G2), 4 g/kg solid-state fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum yellow mealworm larvae meal (G3), the combination of 2 g/kg solid-state fermented with L. brevis plus 2 g/kg solid-state fermented with L. plantarum yellow mealworm larvae meal (G4). For female guppies, the growth performance of the G4 group clearly differed from all groups with the synergistic effect of solid-state fermented with L. plantarum plus L. brevis. In male guppies, G3 and G4 groups showed the highest growth performance values among all groups. The intestinal microbiota of guppies was clearly varied with supplementation groups. Fusobacteria was the most abundant phylum in C, G1, G2 and G3 groups. However, Proteobacteria showed the most intensity in the G4 group. Intestinal villus height, width and surface area were positively affected in solid-state fermented yellow mealworm larvae meal supplementation groups, reaching higher values in G3 and G4 groups. In conclusion, solid-state fermented yellow mealworm larvae meal via 2 g/kg L. plantarum plus 2 g/kg L. brevis can improve growth performance by modulating the gut microbiota of guppies.

Subthreshold micropulse green laser versus yellow laser in the treatment for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy

Purpose This study aimed to compare the functional and anatomical outcomes of the subthreshold micropulse yellow laser (SMYL) (577 nm wavelength) to the subthreshold micropulse green laser (SMGL) (532 nm wavelength) as a therapeutic option in the treatment of serous retinal detachment secondary to chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). Patients and methods This is a clinical interventional comparative prospective study that included 40 eyes of 40 patients with chronic CSCR for more than 3 months with neurosensory serous detachment. The eyes were equally randomized to either SMYL or SMGL (20 eyes in each group). The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and retinal optical coherence tomography were assessed during the study’s 6-month follow-up period. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the baseline patient characteristics. There was a remarkable anatomical [80% had resolution of subretinal fluid (SRF)] and functional success (80% had improvement in BCVA) in the treated eyes. The maximal retinal height in the SRF-containing area improved significantly from 399±120 to 249±45 µm (P=0.000) and from 473±129 to 247±32 µm (P=0.000) at the final follow-up in the yellow and green laser groups, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.061). The BCVA improved significantly from 0.37±0.19 to 0.74±0.33 (P=0.000) and from 0.48±0.32 to 0.83±0.19 (P=0.000) in the yellow and green laser groups, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.824). Conclusion Both SMYL and SMGL modalities worked equivalently and achieved the same percentage of resolution of SRF and improvement of BCVA in chronic CSCR.

Psychological distress does not predict decisional regret in patients undergoing spinal reconstruction for adult spinal deformity

PurposeThe study aimed to assess the link between preoperative psychological distress and postoperative decisional regret in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery patients. We hypothesized that greater pre-surgery distress would correlate with higher post-surgery regret. This evaluation was based on a retrospective case series from an institution with standardized surgical guidelines for ASD.MethodsThis IRB-approved retrospective study analyzed our institution’s ASD database from 2014 to 2020. Eligible patients had a minimum two-year post-op follow-up and preoperative psychological distress assessment. Patients were grouped based on psychological distress levels: green, yellow, and yellow minus. Regret post-surgery was assessed using the Decision Regret Scale and SRS-22 Question 22. Logistic regression evaluated the impact of distress levels on regret, controlling for age and sex.ResultsOut of 167 eligible patients, 112 responded and were analyzed. No significant demographic differences were observed between responders and non-responders. Using the Decision Regret Scale, 41% expressed no regret, while 63% expressed no regret with the SRS-22 questionnaire’s Single-Item scale. Only the yellow minus group showed significant regret difference based on osteotomy, with non-recipients more likely to express regret.ConclusionThis study found no significant link between psychological distress and post-operative regret in adult spinal deformity surgery after a minimum 2-year follow-up. Although nearly 60% exhibited some post-surgery regret, predicting regret based on psychological burden or demographics remains challenging. Further research is essential to identify factors contributing to post-operative regret in spinal deformity surgery patients.

Bumblebee social learning outcomes correlate with their flower-facing behaviour

Previous studies suggest that social learning in bumblebees can occur through second-order conditioning, with conspecifics functioning as first-order reinforcers. However, the behavioural mechanisms underlying bumblebees’ acquisition of socially learned associations remain largely unexplored. Investigating these mechanisms requires detailed quantification and analysis of the observation process. Here we designed a new 2D paradigm suitable for simple top-down high-speed video recording and analysed bumblebees’ observational learning process using a deep-learning-based pose-estimation framework. Two groups of bumblebees observed live conspecifics foraging from either blue or yellow flowers during a single foraging bout, and were subsequently tested for their socially learned colour preferences. Both groups successfully learned the colour indicated by the demonstrators and spent more time facing rewarding flowers—whether occupied by demonstrators or not—compared to non-rewarding flowers. While both groups showed a negative correlation between time spent facing non-rewarding flowers and learning outcomes, the observer bees in the blue group benefited from time spent facing occupied rewarding flowers, whereas the yellow group showed that time facing unoccupied rewarding flowers by the observer bees positively correlated with their learning outcomes. These results suggest that socially influenced colour preferences are shaped by the interplay of different types of observations rather than merely by observing a conspecific at a single colour. Together, these findings provide direct evidence of the dynamical viewing process of observer bees during social observation, opening up new opportunities for exploring the details of more complex social learning in bumblebees and other insects.

Research on Acoustic Monitoring of Escape of Large Yellow Croaker Cultured in Cages

It is an important problem for large yellow croaker culture to escape due to the damage of net coat. In this study, a horizontal moving fish finder was installed in a cage to monitor large yellow croaker groups with different numbers and body lengths by acoustic means, and the behavioral characteristics of fish groups were observed after the experimental net was damaged by using the nesting method. Through the identification of large yellow croaker group individual, swimming speed, size, direction and other group behavior characteristics, in order to prevent the escape of fish, set green (normal), yellow (ordinary alarm), red (strong alarm) three state display. This study will provide technical support for the more scientific and safe development of large yellow croaker cage culture.

Effectiveness of a two-tiered trauma team activation system at a level I trauma center

PurposeMany trauma patients who are transported to our level I trauma center have minor injuries that do not require full trauma team activation (FTTA). Thus, we implemented a two-tiered TTA system categorizing patients into red and yellow code alerts, indicating FTTA and Limited TTA (LTTA) requirements, respectively. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of this triage tool by evaluating its diagnostic parameters (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), undertriage and overtriage) and comparing injury severity between the two groups.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to a Level I trauma center. Characteristics compared between the red and yellow code groups included demographics, injury severity, treatments, and hospital length of stay (LOS). Calculating the diagnostic parameters was based on Injury Severity Score (ISS) and the need for life-saving surgery or procedures.ResultsSignificant differences in injury severity indicators were observed between the two groups. Patients in the red code group had a higher ISS and New Injury Severity Score (NISS), a lower Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS), and probability of survival. They had a longer hospital LOS, a higher Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission rate and required more emergency operations. The Sensitivity of the triage tool was 85.2%, specificity was 55.6%, PPV was 74.2%, NPV was 71.5%, undertriage was 14.7%, and overtriage was 25.7%.ConclusionThe two-tiered TTA system effectively distinguish between patients with major trauma who need FTTA and patients with minor trauma who can be managed by LTTA.

Application of DNA barcode for the genetic analysis and identifying a May nuoc mo species in Quang Nam Province, Central Vietnam

Abstract. Hieu HK, Minh NV, Loi NV, Ha HT. 2024. Application of DNA barcode for the genetic analysis and identifying a May nuoc mo species in Quang Nam Province, Central Vietnam. Biodiversitas 25: 3299-3308. Precise identification in Calamus, the genus in the subfamily Calamoideae (Arecaceae), is challenging due to taxonomic complexities. This study aimed to discriminate and identify the 23 May nuoc mo samples collected from Quang Nam, Vietnam using four barcoding regions (rbcL, matK, psbA-trnH, and ITS nrDNA) and combined with morphological characters. DNA sequence data from those regions were analyzed using distance, tree, and similarity-based statistical methods. All region sequences presented no variable sites, except for rbcL gene region with a low rate of nucleotide differences of 0.270%. The results of the 23 May nuoc mo samples were highly similar from 99.73 to 100% to Calamus sp. N_XT142 (ON248649.1 and MK692404.1) and no gene regions were proposed as barcodes for species identification in this study. All samples shared certain morphological characteristics, including leaflets arranged regularly but with gaps; petioles with yellow spine groups; and leaf sheaths with hairs, densely arranged with brown, triangular, and flattened spines, and interspersed among many short, and black spines. Based on these results, we recommend using some other gene regions (rpoC, and rpoB)) in species identification to shed more light on these May nuoc mo samples with subsequent studies.

Yellowness in skin complexion: Analysis of self-perception of women in China evaluated against clinical parameters of yellowness.

Skin "yellowness" is an abstract and subjective term, without a definitive measurement protocol. Objectives were to analyze Chinese women's self-perception of skin yellowness and associated parameters and identify objective clinical measurements that correlate with these perceptions. Following focus group discussions, criteria for skin yellowness were defined, and validated by volunteer rankings of facial images. A typology study of 185 women was performed. Participants were grouped into yellow (Color Uniformity, Brightness and Transparency (CUBT) yellow scale grade>3, chromameter b* value>16) and non-yellow (CUBT yellow scale grade<2, b* value<14) groups. Participants self-evaluated their skin on yellowness, transparency, skin uniformity, dullness, radiance, oiliness, and texture. Expert assessments were performed to grade sebaceous pores, ocular area pigmentation, pigmentary spots and CUBT scores. Instrumental analysis of the skin was employed using corneometer, sebumeter, mexameter chromameter, and AGE reader. Women in the yellow group self-evaluated their skin as significantly duller, less uniform, and less radiant than women in the non-yellow group (P≤0.05). Higher levels of ocular area pigmentation and lower facial skin uniformity and brightness (P<0.001) were observed in women with yellow skin. CUBT expert grading showed lower pink skin color, but significantly higher beige, yellow, and olive pigmentation (P≤0.05) in women in the yellow skin group. Melanin and b* values were significantly higher in women with yellow skin while L value was significantly lower. Self-perceived skin yellowness in Chinese women correlates to chromameter and mexameter measurements, as well as expert evaluation of ocular pigmentation and CUBT parameters.

Predicting Surgical Resident Performance With Situational Judgment Tests.

Situational judgment tests (SJTs) have been proposed as an efficient, effective, and equitable approach to residency program applicant selection. This study examined how SJTs can predict milestone performance during early residency. General surgery residency program applicants during 3 selection cycles (2018-2019, 2019-2020, 2020-2021) completed SJTs. Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education milestone performance data from selected applicants were collected in March and April 2019, 2020, and 2021 and from residents in March 2020, August 2020, March 2021, September 2021, and March 2022. Descriptive statistics and correlations were computed and analysis of variance tests performed to examine differences among 4 SJT performance groups: green, top 10% to 25%; yellow, next 25% to 50%; red, bottom 50%; and unknown, did not complete the SJT. Data were collected for 70 residents from 7 surgery residency programs. Differences were found for patient care ( F3,189 = 3.19, P = .03), medical knowledge ( F3,176 = 3.22, P = .02), practice-based learning and improvement ( F3,189 = 3.18, P = .04), professionalism ( F3,189 = 3.82, P = .01), interpersonal and communication skills ( F3,190 = 3.35, P = .02), and overall milestone score ( F3,189 = 3.44, P = .02). The green group performed better on patient care, medical knowledge, practice-based learning and improvement, professionalism, and overall milestone score. The yellow group performed better than the red group on professionalism and overall milestone score, better than the green group on interpersonal and communication skills, and better than the unknown group on all but practice-based learning and improvement. The red group outperformed the unknown group on all but professionalism and outperformed the green group on medical knowledge. SJTs demonstrate promise for assessing important noncognitive attributes in residency applicants and align with national efforts to review candidates more holistically and minimize potential biases.

Effect of Paprika Powder on the Antioxidant Capacity of Emulsion-Type Sausages.

Antioxidant activity of freeze-dried paprika powder and storage properties of emulsion-type pork sausages containing diverse concentrations of this powder (0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%) were analyzed. Antioxidant activities of red and yellow paprika powders were analyzed by evaluating their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total phenol content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC). The yellow paprika powder exhibited remarkably higher DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP values, and TPC than the red paprika powder (p<0.05), while TFC showed no remarkable difference between them (p>0.05). Storage properties of sausages containing the yellow paprika powder were analyzed by evaluating their water holding capacity, cooking yield, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) values. The 3% yellow paprika powder group showed remarkably higher water-holding capacity and cooking yield compared to the 0% group (p<0.05). TBARS values were remarkably lower in the 2% and 3% yellow paprika powder groups than in the 0% group at all weeks (p<0.05). VBN value was remarkably lower in the 3% yellow paprika powder group than in the 0% group at all weeks (p<0.05). Overall, addition of 3% yellow paprika powder improved the storage properties of emulsion-type sausages.

Tryptophan Promotes the Production of Xanthophyll Compounds in Yellow Abdominal Fat through HAAO.

Abdominal fat, which in the past was often regarded as waste and discarded, has in recent years been used as a fat source to produce meat by-products. Yellow abdominal fat has higher economic value. Therefore, improving the color of abdominal fat plays an important role in improving the appearance of meat products. This study aimed to identify the contributors and the regulatory network involved in the formation of yellow and white color in abdominal fat. We found that four xanthophyll compounds were significantly different in yellow and white abdominal fat chicken, including zeaxanthin, lutein, canthaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin. There were 551 different and 8 common metabolites significantly correlated with these 4 xanthophyll compounds. Similarly, a total of 54 common genes were identified in 4 common related pathways (Complement and coagulation cascades, Metabolic pathways, PPAR signaling pathway, Carbon metabolism) of the 8 common metabolites. The high expression of HAAO in the yellow abdominal fat group leads to the degradation of tryptophan and its intermediate 5-hydroxyindole, and subsequently to the formation of the four xanthophyll compounds. This process is also regulated by tyrosine, kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), homogentisate 1, 2-dioxygenase (HGD), etc. Together, these findings show the effect of tryptophan on abdominal fat color, as well as a negative regulatory effect of HAAO and 5-hydroxyindole on the production of xanthophyll compounds involved in abdominal fat coloration.

#2768 Evaluation of vascular access via a TRIAGE system for hemodialysis: a tool to assess clinical risk in hemodialysis patients

Abstract Background and Aims The type and efficacy of vascular access (VA) in hemodialysis (HD) play pivotal roles in determining the quality of treatment and, eventually, the clinical outcome of patients. Low dialysis quality due to suboptimal vascular access functioning is a risk factor for increased cardiovascular mortality in HD. In a prior study involving 754 patients undergoing chronic HD, we demonstrated that a VA TRIAGE system effectively identified vascular accesses at a higher risk of complications both in patients with arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and in patients with central venous catheters (CVC). The TRIAGE categorization is generated monthly through a scoring system recording several parameters of each session, like blood flow, VA pressure, end HD circuit clots, external VA examination, and KT/V. Based on threshold values, VA performance is classified as Green (G), Yellow (Y), or Red). In this study, we aimed to assess whether the TRIAGE system, by identifying poorly functioning VA, could also identify patients at a higher risk of cardiovascular events. Method In this interventional prospective, blinded multicentre study, each centre utilized the VA TRIAGE electronic spreadsheet without knowledge of the generated triage. After six months of system implementation, a two-year follow-up (01/01/2020 - 01/12/2021) was conducted to record cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, peripheral vasculopathy, unstable angina, atrial fibrillation, heart failure). External reviewers assessed the records, and a minimum of three months of VA follow-up was necessary for patient enrolment. Results From 18 HD centres, 757 patients were enrolled, with an average age of 64.5 ± 15.5 years; 27% were diabetics, undergoing HD for 24.4 ± 32.4 months; 369 (48.7%) had AVF, and 388 (51.3%) had a permanent CVC. Over 11.4±5.6 months of follow-up (range 3-23) and 108, 537 HD sessions recorded in the TRIAGE system, 100 cardiovascular-related events occurred during 16.3 ± 2.2 months of follow-up (range 3-23). The VA TRIAGE was: 60% Green, 35% Yellow, and 5% Red. The Green Triage group demonstrated a lower incidence of cardiovascular events independent of VA type (25% vs. 75%; P: 0.01) and a higher duration free from cardiovascular events (AVF Green vs. AVF Yellow-Red: log-rank test: 0.04). Conclusion Our VA TRIAGE system not only identifies poorly functioning vascular accesses but also effectively assesses the clinical risk in patients undergoing HD. This outcome, in our view, is linked to the diminished quality of dialysis resulting from lower VA function in the yellow and red Triage groups compared to the green Triage group. Integrating the VA TRIAGE system with additional clinical parameters enhances its capacity to assess the clinical risk of HD patients. This approach offers a more comprehensive evaluation, potentially improving the identification of patients at higher cardiovascular risk.

Effects of Light Spectrum on Survival, Growth, Physiological, and Biochemical Indices of Redclaw Crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) Juveniles

The spectrum is a key environmental factor, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can influence the growth and development of crustaceans by altering the composition of the spectrum. This study conducted a 30-day experiment to investigate the effects of five LED spectra (red, yellow, blue, green, and white light) on the growth, antioxidant and immune enzyme activities, stress hormone levels, and the expression of α-amylase (α-AMY), ecdysone receptor (EcR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) genes in juvenile redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus). The results show that the survival rate of juveniles is markedly higher in the yellow and red-light groups than in the other three groups (P&lt;0.05). The green light group exhibits the lowest survival rate, yet it demonstrates the highest weight gain rate and specific growth rate. Regarding enzyme activity and hormone levels, the yellow light group shows the lowest malondialdehyde content, with higher superoxide dismutase and acid phosphatase activity than the other groups; no significant differences are observed in lysozyme activity among the groups (P&gt;0.05). The melatonin content in the green and blue light groups is significantly higher than that in the other three groups (P&lt;0.01). In terms of growth gene expression, the expression of α-AMY, EcR, and RXR in juvenile C. quadricarinatus is regulated by the spectrum. In conclusion, when raised under the yellow light spectrum, juvenile C. quadricarinatus displays elevated survival rates, rapid growth, and robust antioxidant and immune defenses. This study provides important technical parameters for optimizing and enhancing the industrial cultivation of juvenile C. quadricarinatus.

Quantifying Abdominal Coloration of Worker Honey Bees.

The main drawback in using coloration to identify honey bee subspecies is the lack of knowledge regarding genetic background, subjectivity of coloration grading, and the effect of the environment. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of environmental temperature on the abdominal coloration of honey bee workers and to develop a tool for quantifying abdominal coloration. We obtained four frames of honey bee brood from two colonies and incubated them at two different temperatures (30 and 34 °C). One colony had workers exhibiting yellow marks on the abdomen, while the other did not. We collected hatched workers and photographed abdomens. Images were analyzed using custom-written R script to obtain vectors that summarize the coloration over the abdomen length in a single value-coloration index. We used UMAP to reduce the dimensions of the vectors and to develop a classification procedure with the support vector machine method. We tested the effect of brood origin and temperature on coloration index with ANOVA. UMAP did not distinguish individual abdomens according to experimental group. The trained classifier sufficiently separated abdomens incubated at different temperatures. We improved the performance by preprocessing data with UMAP. The differences among the mean coloration index values were not significant between the gray groups incubated at different temperatures nor between the yellow groups. However, the differences between the gray and yellow groups were significant, permitting options for application of our tool and the newly developed coloration index. Our results indicate that the environmental temperature in the selected range during development does not seem to impact honey bee coloration significantly. The developed color-recording protocol and statistical analysis provide useful tools for quantifying abdominal coloration in honey bees.

Protective effect of co-enzyme Q10 on testicular tissue and sperm parameters in adult male rats treated with Sunset Yellow FCF

Objective: To determine the protective effect of co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on testicular tissue and sperm parameters in male rats treated with Sunset Yellow FCF. Methods: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of the control, CoQ10 (10 mg/kg/day), low dose of Sunset Yellow (2.5 mg/kg), high dose of Sunset Yellow (70 mg/kg), low dose of Sunset Yellow (2.5 mg/kg) plus CoQ10, and high dose of Sunset Yellow (70 mg/kg) plus CoQ10. The drugs were administered via daily oral gavages for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, sperm analysis, stereological and histological assessments of the testis were carried out. Results: The normal morphology (by 41.1%) and progressive spermatozoa (by 74.8%), testicle volume (by 33.4%), lumen volume (by 38.3%), interstitial tissue volume (by 44.7%), seminiferous tubule volume (by 40.7%), and number of spermatogonia (by 53.9%) and Leydig cells (by 70.7%) reduced in the rats that received high doses of Sunset Yellow in comparison to the control group. Nonetheless, all these alterations were recovered by CoQ10 treatment in the CoQ10 plus high dose of Sunset Yellow group. Furthermore, low doses of Sunset Yellow did not affect different parameters of the testis and sperm. Conclusions: CoQ10 could, to some extent, prevent structural changes of the testis induced by the high dose of Sunset Yellow.

Effects of Background Color on Growth, Stress, Biochemical, Hematological, and Immunological Responses, and Expression of Growth‐Related Genes in Oscar Fish (Astronotus ocellatus)

The aim of the current study was to assess the impacts of tank color on the growth, stress, biochemical, hematological, and immunological responses, and expression of growth‐related genes in juvenile Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus). Therefore, a total of 120 fish (9.14 ± 0.34 g) were distributed into 12 aquariums (60 × 50 × 35 cm) and divided into four treatments (aquariums with blue, white, yellow, and red colors) in three replicates (10 fish per aquarium). The fish were daily hand‐fed ad libitum in three meals at 7:00, 12:00, and 17:00 hr for 56 days. Results showed that Oscar fish cultured in the red aquariums had higher final weight and weight gain and lower feed conversion ratio. Plasma cortisol, glucose, and lactate values of fish were significantly higher, and the amount of white blood cells was lower in the blue aquariums compared to other tank colors. Plasma triglyceride values were significantly higher in the white and yellow groups than the blue aquariums. Moreover, fish cultured in yellow and red aquariums had significantly higher melatonin levels than the blue aquariums. Plasma cholesterol, total protein, albumin, complement 3, and total immunoglobulin values were highest in Oscar fish cultured in the red aquariums. Also, lysozyme and alternative complement (ACH50) activities and complement 4 values of fish cultured in yellow and red aquariums were meaningfully higher compared to blue and white groups. Growth hormone relative gene expression levels were meaningfully higher in Oscar fish cultured in white, yellow, and red aquariums than the blue aquariums. Furthermore, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) relative gene expression levels were significantly higher in fish cultured in yellow and red aquariums compared to those cultured in blue and white tank colors. Thus, the most suitable tank color for rearing juvenile A. ocellatus is red, while blue tank color is unsuitable.

The effects of different lighting conditions on the accuracy of intraoral scanning.

This study aimed to investigate the extent to which intraoral scanning are affected by clinical conditions, and whether ambient lighting and different color temperatures have an impact on the accuracy of intraoral scanner, as well as to evaluate scanning time. Twelve different environments were created using various ambient lighting conditions (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 lux) and color temperatures (white, blue and yellow). A partially edentulous mandibular model with two implants and a three-unit bridge was scanned under each environment until 10 digital models were obtained, and scanning times were recorded using a virtual stopwatch. A 3D analysis was performed on the obtained digital models, and the data were analyzed using a software. The generalized linear model analysis and Tukey multiple comparison test were used to analyse the data (P < .05). The effect of lux, color temperature, and scanning times on RMS data was found to be significant (P < .001). The mean RMS value was the highest in the 0 lux group and the lowest in the 500 lux group. Regarding the color temperature, the highest RMS value was in the white color group and the lowest in the yellow color group. Scanning times were similar among the 0, 500 and 1000 lux groups, with a significant increase in the 1500 lux group. Different ambient lighting conditions and color temperatures have significant effect on the accuracy of intraoral scanning.

Comparison of Meat Quality From Hanwoo Cattle Having Yellow and White Carcass Fat

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the normal and yellow-colored fat on carcass on carotenoid contents in fat and meat quality of Hanwoo beef. A total of 20 female cattle, comprising 10 with normal carcass fat color (normal group) and 10 with yellow carcass fat color (yellow group), were collected from slaughterhouses throughout the country in Korea from May to July 2022. The color, fatty acid composition, and carotenoid contents in carcass fat, as well as various parameters related to meat quality such as proximate composition, pH, color, cooking loss, shear force, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the striploin were measured. The results indicated that the yellowness of carcass fat was primarily influenced by the carotenoid content in the fat (r=0.540, P&amp;lt;0.05) and was not affected by other carcass properties such as quality grade, maturity, and age. The yellow group showed distinct differences in yellowness and fatty acid composition of the carcass fat compared to the normal group, with lower levels of saturated fatty acids and higher levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (P&amp;lt;0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in the meat quality parameters between the normal and yellow groups, suggesting that the yellowness of carcass fat did not significantly correlate with the inferior physicochemical properties of Hanwoo beef. Although further research is needed to better understand the complex factors contributing to the appearance of yellow carcass fat in Korea, this study highlights that beef having yellow carcass fat does not necessarily have a negative effect on meat quality.

Changes in physicochemical properties, moisture distribution and volatile flavor compounds of yellow catfish: The roles of dominant spoilage bacteria

The spoilage potential of three dominant bacterial species (Shewanella putrefaciens, Pseudomonas fragi, and Acinetobacter sp.), which were isolated from spoiled yellow catfish, were investigated. Physicochemical properties, moisture distribution, and volatile flavor compounds were assessed in yellow catfish inoculated with individual bacterial species. Compared to Acinetobacter sp., Shewanella putrefaciens and Pseudomonas spp. exhibited a greater capacity for producing produce total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and total viable counts. Sensory results revealed that a significantly (P < 0.05) higher b* value in yellow catfish group inoculated with Shewanella putrefaciens compared to other groups, resulting in discoloration. Low-field nuclear magnetic imaging results indicated a decline in the proportion of bound and free waterof during extended storage, accompanied by an increase in immobilized water. The yellow catfish group inoculated with Shewanella putrefaciens exhibited the lowest P23 and the highest T23, which indicated Shewanella putrefaciens changed the water holding capacity of fish samples. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) analysis of volatile flavor compounds demonstrated the pronounced capability of Pseudomonas fragi to generate 1-octen-3-ol, closely associated with ketones production and contributing significantly to the odor of yellow catfish during spoilage. In addition, E. coli was found to have the ability to spoil yellow catfish and generate unfavorable volatile flavor compounds. This research enhances the comprehension of yellow catfish spoilage and preservation.