Yellow Gold Research Articles

Screening of Chrysanthemum Cultivars for their Tolerance against Sucking Pests in Terai Region of West Bengal, India

Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) is an important commercial flowering crop. This plant is often invaded by sucking pests like aphids, mealybugs and mites causing severe damage to the quality and quantity of flower yield. Searching for tolerant cultivars against these pests constitutes one of the most cost-effective pest management strategies. An experiment was conducted at Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, India to find out the reaction of forty different genotypes of spray chrysanthemum to aphids, mealybugs and mites. The results indicated that the genotypes exhibited significant variations in harbouring number of all the three sucking pests and the per cent plant infestation by aphids and mealybugs also varied significantly. The variation in pest infestation may be attributable to the genetic traits of these chrysanthemum cultivars. Out of all the genotypes tested the varieties Yellow Baby, Arka Kirti and Arka Yellow Gold were found to be the most tolerant against all the sucking pests and therefore, may be recommended for cultivation in the Terai agroclimatic region of West Bengal.

Comparative study of un-doped CeO2 and metal (Mn, Co, Fe)-doped CeO2 nanostructures for the removal of golden yellow dye from synthetic wastewater

ABSTRACT In this study, the activity of un-doped cerium oxide (CeO2) nanostructure with metal (Mn, Co, Fe)-doped CeO2 nanostructures was compared as effective scaffolds for the elimination of Golden Yellow (GY) Dye. For this purpose, the un-doped and doped-CeO2 nanostructures were prepared through co-precipitation treatment and characterised using the following techniques like FTIR, XRD, UV, PL, SEM and EDX analysis. The synthetic nanostructures were selected for the removal of GY through adsorption and photocatalytic degradation from wastewater. Tauc’s model was employed to determine the optical band gap, and various key parameters (contact duration, pH, nanostructure dosage and GY concentration) were optimised for the adsorption/photocatalytic degradation of GY. The adsorption and degradation processes for these nanostructures were found to be pH-dependent, with an optimum pH value of 4. UV–visible spectroscopy was employed to probe the GY adsorption followed by the GY degradation, revealing a higher removal and degradation efficiency of 39.89% and 58.46% for Mn-CeO2, 34.60% and 47.21% for Co-CeO2 and 31.67% and 39.10% for Fe-CeO2 compared to 14.05% and 30.37% for un-doped CeO2, respectively. In total, 98.35% of GY removal was achieved by Mn-CeO2 compared to 44.42% by un-doped CeO2 within 175 min via adsorption (50 min) followed by degradation (125 min). Additionally, the absorption mechanism underwent analysis, with the kinetic data aligning closely with the pseudo-first-order model. Examination of the adsorption capacity at various equilibrium concentrations of the dye solution revealed the formation of monolayers and chemisorption phenomena. Moreover, the rate constant dropped when scavengers like ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were added because they capture holes (h+), hydroxyl radicals (·OH), and superoxide radicals (·O2 −) respectively, with EDTA showing more prominent effects.

Metal-Organic Framework Templated Z-Scheme ZnIn2S4/Bi2S3 Hierarchical Heterojunction for Photocatalytic H2O2 Production from Wastewater.

Metal-organic framework derived materials received a lot of attention due to their significant benefits in photocatalytic reactions. In this work, a Z-scheme ZnIn2S4/Bi2S3 hierarchical heterojunction is first developed by a one-pot method using CAU-17 as a template. The specific preparation method endows an intimate interface contact between these two monomers, and CAU-17-derived Bi2S3 possesses a high surface area and porosity, resulting in an efficient charge separation and O2 capture. Thus, for photocatalytic H2O2 production from the O2 reduction reaction, the ZnIn2S4/Bi2S3 heterojunction can achieve an H2O2 yield of 995µmolL-1 in pure water and ambient air under visible light, 4.5 and 4 times that of ZnIn2S4 and Bi2S3, respectively. In addition, in tetracycline solution, ZnIn2S4/Bi2S3 can degrade tetracycline with a degradation rate of 95% by photocatalysis, and at the same time, a final H2O2 production yield of 1223µmolL-1 is reached. Similarly, high yields of H2O2 are also obtained from wastewater containing o-nitrophenol, acid golden yellow, or acid red, and these pollutants are effectively degraded. This work reveals the potential of metal-organic framework-derived materials in photocatalysis, as well as provides insights into H2O2 green synthesis and wastewater treatment.

Genetic variability and association studies of marketable traits in gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus)

The experiment was conducted during 2017–18 and 2018–19 at instructional farm, College of Horticulture, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, Uttar Pradesh, to study the genetic variation, correlation and path analysis in gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus Hort.) in Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. 14 varieties of gladiolus, viz. Black Star, Peter Pears, Gold Star, Trader Horn, Pink Rose, White Prosperity, Red White, Novalux, Yellow Gold, Candyman, Willas Pink, Jester, Nathan Red and Punjab Morning were planted in randomized block design (RBD). All parameters showed significant differences indicating that genotypes have a lot of variation. Length of the spike varied from 65.07 to 110.65 cm and size of the floret from 8.27 to 9.66 cm. Mean values for time to flowering, size of floret and vase life were 109.38 days, 8.95 cm and 8.95 days, respectively. Length of rachis (19.97 and 15.90), spike (18.49 and 14.40) and florets/spike (14.88 and 12.05) showed moderate values for PCV and GCV. Maximum heritability value was oberved in days to flowering (68.22) and minimal in floret size (35.63). Positive and significant correlations were found between plant height, length of spike and rachis, florets/spike and days to flowering. Path coefficient study revealed that length of spike (1.162), days to spike initiation (0.881) and blooming time (0.392) had biggest positive direct effects on plant height.

Genetic variability and association studies of marketable traits in gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus)

The experiment was conducted during 2017–18 and 2018–19 at instructional farm, College of Horticulture, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, Uttar Pradesh, to study the genetic variation, correlation and path analysis in gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus Hort.) in Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. 14 varieties of gladiolus, viz. Black Star, Peter Pears, Gold Star, Trader Horn, Pink Rose, White Prosperity, Red White, Novalux, Yellow Gold, Candyman, Willas Pink, Jester, Nathan Red and Punjab Morning were planted in randomized block design (RBD). All parameters showed significant differences indicating that genotypes have a lot of variation. Length of the spike varied from 65.07 to 110.65 cm and size of the floret from 8.27 to 9.66 cm. Mean values for time to flowering, size of floret and vase life were 109.38 days, 8.95 cm and 8.95 days, respectively. Length of rachis (19.97 and 15.90), spike (18.49 and 14.40) and florets/spike (14.88 and 12.05) showed moderate values for PCV and GCV. Maximum heritability value was oberved in days to flowering (68.22) and minimal in floret size (35.63). Positive and significant correlations were found between plant height, length of spike and rachis, florets/spike and days to flowering. Path coefficient study revealed that length of spike (1.162), days to spike initiation (0.881) and blooming time (0.392) had biggest positive direct effects on plant height.

Suleyman Rahimov s Role in the Development of Libraries in the 20th Century

This article contains significant information about Suleyman Rahimov, a popular writer and cultural figure, as well as his life and activities. Suleyman Rahimov’s outstanding cultural services and the attention he paid to library development were examined in further depth in the article, and his involvement in library construction was recognized. The first work of Süleyman Rahimov, who started his literary activity in 1930, is "Shamo". However, he worked on this work for 50 years and made additions to it. One of his most famous works is "Black Earth and Yellow Gold". Now this work is used in 5th grade literature. Süleyman Rahimov was the chairman of Azerbaijan Writers Union in 1939-1940, 1944-1946 and 1954-1958. Azerbaijan Lachin, Samukh, Shahbuz and Norashen regions worked as a party leader (1934-1937). Propaganda secretary at the Baku City Committee of the Azerbaijan K(b)P (1940–1941), deputy director of the propaganda and agitation department at the Central Committee of the Azerbaijan K(b)P (1941–1944), Azerbaijan SSR He worked as the chairman of the Committee for Cultural and Educational Affairs under the Council of Ministers (1945-1958). Suleyman Rahimov always thought it was vital to take special care of libraries, and in many papers and other scholarly works he authored in this field, he made numerous recommendations to help libraries do their jobs better. Examples of his scientific research works on libraries are also included in the article.

Zymograms as a Tool to Detect PPIs in Host plants of Antheraea Assamensis

Antheraea assamensis (vernacular: ‘muga’) larvae is commercially reared on two tree species of the Lauraceae family, Persea bombycina and Litsea monopetala for its golden yellow, lustrous cocoon silk. Biochemical and molecular studies suggested that the midgut digestive enzymes and their transcripts in larvae feeding on P. bombycina differ from those found in larvae feeding on L. monopetala indicating that host plant 'choice' affects the digestive physiology of this insect. Ingestion of plant proteinase inhibitors is known to influence expression of digestive enzymes. Using reverse zymography technique trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors were detected in herbivore-induced leaves of L. monopetala and P. bombycina that could inhibit midgut proteinases of A. assamensis. Such interactions may affect proteolytic digestion in larvae reared on different host plant species. This work may have significance in quality of silk produced by muga silkworm, ultimately benefiting the silkworm rearers/industry.

18 Karat yellow gold single-tracks manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF): 1 064 nm and 515 nm laser comparison

18 Karat yellow gold single-tracks manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF): 1 064 nm and 515 nm laser comparison

Wonders of “Yellow Gold” in Oral Lichen Planus

Crocus sativus, also known as "yellow gold," is a plant that is cultivated in countries such as Iran, India, and Greece. It is made up of dried red stigma and contains over 150 volatile compounds that are responsible for its aroma, including terpenes, terpene alcohol, and their esters. Two of its components, picrocrocin and safranal, contribute to its bitter taste and hay-like fragrance. This plant has several medicinal properties, including antioxidant, anti-tumorogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antidepressant effects, which make it effective in managing Oral Lichen Planus (OLP). A search of scientific journals was conducted to identify relevant articles on the potential use of crocus sativus in treating OLP. The literature suggests that crocus sativus can be used to successfully treat OLP, but more clinical studies are needed to establish its efficacy. The pharmacological properties of saffron, especially its crocin and safranal components, make it a potential therapeutic agent for various diseases, including cancer and oxidative stress. However, further laboratory-based research and clinical trials are needed to determine the precise mechanisms of action and establish its role as a novel therapeutic agent in OLP

Breeding of Chlorella mutants deficient in chlorophyll synthesis and evaluation of its protein yield and quality

The aim of this study was to construct Chlorella mutants deficient in chlorophyll synthesis by atmospheric pressure room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis, and screen novel algal species with very low chlorophyll content which is suitable for protein production by fermentation. Firstly, the lethal rate curve of mixotrophic wild type cells was established by optimizing the mutagenesis treatment time. The mixotrophic cells in early exponential phase were treated by the condition of over 95% lethal rate, and 4 mutants with the visual change of colony color were isolated. Subsequently, the mutants were cultured in shaking flasks heterotrophically for evaluation of their protein production performance. P. ks 4 mutant showed the best performance in Basal medium containing 30 g/L glucose and 5 g/L NaNO3. The protein content and productivity reached 39.25% dry weight and 1.15 g/(L·d), with an amino acid score of 101.34. The chlorophyll a content decreased 98.78%, whereas chlorophyll b was not detected, and 0.62 mg/g of lutein content made the algal biomass appear golden yellow. This work provides a novel germplasm, the mutant P. ks 4 with high yield and high quality, for alternative protein production by microalgal fermentation.

Safety and Protection Measures of Underground Non-Coal Mines with Mining Depth over 800 m: A Case Study in Shandong, China

With the increase in mining depth, the risk of ground pressure disasters in yellow gold mines is becoming more and more serious. This paper carries out a borehole test for the pressure behavior in a non-coal mining area with a mining depth of more than 800 m in the Jiaodong area. The test results show that under a depth of 1050 m, the increase in the vertical principal stress is the same as the increase in the minimum horizontal principal stress, which is about 3 MPa per 100 m. When the depth increases to 1350 m, the vertical principal stress increases by about 3% per 100 m, and the self-weight stress and the maximum horizontal principal stress maintain a steady growth rate of about 3 MPa per 100 m. In addition, based on the test results, the operation of the ground pressure monitoring system in each mine is investigated. The investigation results show that in some of the roadway and stope mines with depths of more than 800 m, varying degrees of rock mass instability have occurred, and a few mines have had sporadic slight rockbursts, accounting for about 5%. There was a stress concentration area in the lower part of the goaf formed in the early stage of mining, and slight rockburst phenomena such as rock mass ejection have occurred; meanwhile, the area stability for normal production and construction was good, and there was no obvious ground pressure. This paper compares the researched mines horizontally as well as to international high-level mines and puts forward some suggestions, including: carrying out ground pressure investigations and improving the level of intelligence, which would provide countermeasures to balance the safety risks of deep mining, reducing all kinds of safety production accidents and providing a solid basis for risk prevention and supervision.

Tinjauan Hukum Islam terhadap Pemakaian, Jual-Beli, dan Penunaian Zakat Emas Putih

This study aims to determine the view of Islamic law on the use, buying-selling, and zakat payment of white gold. This study uses library research methods with juridical-normative and philosophical approaches. The results of the study indicate that the law regarding white gold can be determined after knowing the content in the white gold. If it is clear that white gold is a mixture of yellow gold, then the laws that apply to yellow gold also apply to white gold. In using it, white gold in the sense of a mixture of gold with other materials does not change the law of wearing it (especially for men) because the change in the mixture of gold does not change the nature of gold itself so that it remains forbidden for men. While white gold that is not gold, such as titanium, silver, and other materials, is allowed to use it because the original element does not contain gold at all. In buying-selling it, both yellow gold and white gold, in general the law is permissible (permissible) as usual buying and selling. However, more attention needs to be paid to the transaction to avoid usury because gold, both yellow and white, is one of usury goods. While in the zakat payment of it, the strongest opinion is the existence of zakat on white gold because it is considered as jewelry.

Investigation of the effect of EDTA modification on golden yellow removal: optimisation with response surface methodology

ABSTRACT Physical or chemical processes can enrich surface functional groups of activated carbon. EDTA grafting was applied to the carbon surface using a chemical treatment in this study. In this way, while there was no significant change in the surface area of the carbon, the Golden Yellow (GY) removal performance increased. The changes caused by EDTA grafting on the carbon surface have been revealed using various methods. Environmental conditions affecting the adsorption process were statistically investigated using Central Composite Design (CCD). Different equations were used to determine the stability, capacity, and mechanism of the GY removal with activated carbon and EDTA grafted carbon.

Degradation of the residual textile mixture cetyltrimethylammonium bromide/remazol yellow gold RNL-150%/reactive blue BF-5G: evaluation photo-peroxidation and photo-Fenton processes in LED and UV-C photoreactors.

This article presents a study on the degradation of a residual textile mixture composed of cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and the remazol yellow gold RNL-150% and reactive blue BF-5G textile dyes. This was carried out by employing the photo-peroxidation and photo-Fenton processes in LED and UV-C photoreactors. The photo-Fenton process was the most efficient as regards the degradation of the CTAB and dye mixture, for both types of radiation. In the kinetic study, degradations of 99% were obtained in 180 min for the chromophore groups using both types of radiation. The degradation of the CTAB and aromatic groups was, meanwhile, an average of 25% when employing LED radiation. The behavior of the degradation reaction was pseudo-first-order. Toxicity tests indicated that the solutions were better able to grow seeds and bacteria after treatment with the photo-Fenton process, using both types of radiation. The photo-Fenton processes carried out by employing LED and UV-C photoreactors were able to degrade the CTAB and dye mixture, thus highlighting the efficiency of LED radiation when its power (three times smaller) is compared to that of UV-C radiation. This process, therefore, represents an alternative for use in textile wastewater treatment systems.

Variasi Perbandingan Terigu Dan Tepung Millet (Panicum milliaceum) Terhadap Karakteristik Donat

Donuts are flour based foods. The weakness of donuts is that the basic ingredients used are still imported, so there is an increase in the use of alternative flour, namely millet flour. The research aims to find out the ratio effect of wheat and millet flour to the characteristic of donut, and to determine the precise ratio between wheat and millet flour which can produce donuts with the best characteristic. This research used a Completely Randomized Design with a treatmen of ratio between wheat flour and millet flour which consist by 6 levels: 100%:0%, 90%:10%, 80%:20%, 70%:30%, 60%:40%, and 50%:50%. The treatment was repeated 3 times to obtain 18 experimental units. The data obtained were analyzed by variance and if treatment had a significant effect then followed by duncan test. The result of research showed that the ratio of 80% wheat and 20% millet flour resulted in the best characteristic of donut with expand power of 116,69%, colour quantity L 52,77, a* 9,51, b*34,37, water content of 25.88% (wb), protein content of 8.17% (wb), crude fiber content of 5,06% (wb), tannin content of 0,15% (wb), colour golden yellow, flavor rather liked, texture rather liked and soft, appearance of rather large pores, taste rather liked and overall acceptance rather liked.

Icosahedral quasicrystal-enhanced nucleation in Al alloys fabricated by selective laser melting

Selective laser melting (SLM) is rapidly evolving to become a mainstream technology. However, the fundamental mechanisms of solidification and microstructure development inherent to the non-equilibrium conditions of this additive manufacturing method, which differ largely from those typical of conventional processing techniques, remain widely unknown. In this work, an in-depth characterization of the microstructure of Al7075 SLM processed samples, built from powder mixtures containing ZrH2 microparticles, demonstrates the occurrence of icosahedral quasicrystal-enhanced nucleation during laser fabrication. This solidification mechanism, only observed to date in cast Al-Zn and yellow gold alloys containing minute additions of Cr (Kurtuldu et al., 2013) or Ti (Chen et al. 2018), and Ir (Kurtuldu et al., 2014), is evidenced by the presence of an abnormally high fraction of twin boundaries and of five-fold orientation symmetry between twinned nearest neighbors lying within a matrix of equiaxed, randomly textured, ultrafine grains. This research attests to the wide range of possibilities offered by additive manufacturing methods for the investigation of novel physical metallurgy phenomena as well as for the design of advanced metals.

Quality Test of Palm Cooking Oil Used Repeatedly Based on Free Fatty Acid Content, Moisture Content, Peroxide Number

Background: Cooking oil used repeatedly can increase levels of free fatty acids and the number of peroxides in the blood, so that the risk of heart disease and diabetes. Aim: The purpose of the study was to find out the quality of palm cooking oil used repeatedly in tempeh mendoan against organoleptic, moisture content, free fatty acid content and peroxide number content. Method: Samples of palm cooking oil are used to fry tempe mendoan at 105oC for 10 and 60 minutes as much as 1 frying pan per day for 3 days, then the oil is cooled at room temperature and filter the oil so that it does not mix from the rest of the fried tempeh mendoan. Filtered oils are tested for quality with test parameters including organolepty including shape, color, odor, moisture content, peroxide levels, and free fatty acid levels. The data results were compared with sni 01-3741-2002 cooking oil quality standard and each level was analyzed using nonparametric statistics (Kruskall-Wallis) with a confidence level of 95%. Result: Organoleptic test results obtained the form of cooking oil in light yellow to yellow gold at the 10th minute on the 2nd day after 2 frying pans and orange in the 60 minutes after 3 frying pans for 3 days. Moisture content obtained results 2,086± 2,142 (10th minute) and 0.369± 0.304 (60th minute), free fatty acid content obtained results 0.317± 0.044 (10th minute) and 0.337± 0.076 (60th minute), the rate of peroxide numbers obtained resulted in 0.281± 0.090 (10th minute) and 0.386±0.158 (60th minute). Based on statistics tests there are significant differences (<0.05) to the decrease in water content quality, free fatty acid content and peroxide levels in palm oil cooking oil used repeatedly in tempe mendoan.

Purification trials of Tamanu (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) oil

Tamanu (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) oil is a non-food oil used in traditional medicine, and with potential applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. However, this oil, obtained by pressing the nuts, is being used as crude oil, in spite of a variable but large amount of non-lipids (called resin) being entrained. Although these should not be seen as impurities owing to their known bioactivity in many fields, not only they are responsible for the poisonous nature impeding human consumption in addition to bad smell, but they contribute to the poor oil quality, especially low stability and associated short shelf life. The present study aimed at purifying a crude tamanu oil sample through a combination of simple steps: deresination with ethanol, degumming using hot water, neutralization (KOH), bleaching with activated carbon, and deodorization. Ethanol 96% was more efficient for deresinating, compared to methanol, resulting in the extraction of 44–46% w/w of resin within 10 min (temperature 40 °C; oil:ethanol 1:1.5 w/v). Oil quality was checked in the industrial crude sample and in the fully refined product. The applied process strongly improved the color from dark brown to light golden yellow, decreased the acid value (62 down to 0.11 mgKOH/g of oil), and the viscosity (181 to 130 mPa.s). The saponification value was lowered from 206 to 180 mgKOH/g oil. The peroxide value was only slightly lowered from 85 to 55 mgO2/kg oil, thus pointing out the peculiar chemical nature of tamanu oil. Improving this important quality parameter would require additional research work, together with fine-tuned optimization of experimental conditions for a panel of crude oil samples; this was out of the scope of present work. This preliminary study shows that refining steps widely applied at industrial scale could help improving the quality of tamanu oil – an underused natural feedstock – for enhanced application in health and cosmetic fields.

A new high yielding, charcoal rot and yellow mosaic virus disease resistant soybean variety AMS-1001 (PDKV Yellow Gold)

Soybean variety AMS-1001 is an induced mutant of JS-93-05. In multilocation trials AMS-1001 has recorded yieldincrease over state check MAUS-71 by 24.17% and national check JS-335 by 20.58%. In state multilocation trials AMS1001 has recorded 36.01%, 30.58% and 33.82% increase yield over JS-335, JS-97-52 and MAUS-71, espectively.AMS-1001 has also given 23.90% higher seed yield over check variety JS-335, in adaptive trials on farmer’s field.This culture has shown highly resistant reaction to charcoal-rot and YMV diseases. It has medium maturity duration, determinate growth habit, purple flower, glabrous pods/stem with pointed ovate dark green leaves. AMS-1001 differentiated from other soybean varieties using molecular markers and primer Glysatt-180 was found specific to the sample AMS-1001 and can be used for its identification. Considering its yield superiority and resistance diseases the SVRC has released this culture as AMS-1001 (PDKV Yellow Gold) for Maharashtra state. The national identity of this variety is IC 626343.

PHARMACOGNOSTICAL, PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND PHYTOCEMICAL STUDY OF Glycyrrhiza Glabra Linn.

Introduction - Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. is a perennial herb of family Leguminoseae, used very extensively in Ayurveda classics. It is having property of aphrodisiac, trichogenous, expectorant, haemostatic, intellect promoting etc. Objective – Objective of this study to examine the Pharmacognastical and Phytochemical properties of Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. Material and Method – Dry sample of Glycyrrhiza was collected from Market. The qualitative microscopy, phytochemical screening, physicochemical evolution and TLC studies were carried out according to the standard procedure recommended by API and other standards. Result –The sample is having sweetish taste, faint and characteristic odour, externally dark brown in colour and internally golden yellow. Cork, Phellogen and Phelloderm, Secondary phloem, Cambium, Secondary xylem, Medullary rays and Pith are present in microscopic examinations, from outer to inner side. Cork (in surface view), Tangentially cut medullary ray cells, Fragment of vessel, Calcium Oxalate Crystals, Starch, Mucilage were seen in powder microscopy. pH value of test sample was 5.73. Water Soluble Extractive value (25.0064%) was more than Alcohol Soluble Extractive value (12.7398 %). Total ash value of test sample was 6.131 %. Acid insoluble ash value was 0.79 %, Water soluble ash value was 1.819 %. In TLC, Rf values were found 0.23, 0.58, 0.71 after derivatization with vanillin – Sulphuric acid reagent. Car-bohydrate, alkaloid, amino acid, tannin, protein, saponin, glycosides, flavonoids and tannin were present in the sample. Conclusion - test sample of Glycyrhiza complies all standard when matches with the reference standard book. It suggests that test sample is authentic and without any impurities and adulteration.