Yellow Ceramic Pigment Research Articles

A new thermal insulation ceramic pigment: Ce-doped Y3Al5O12 compounds combined with high near-infrared reflectance and low thermal conductivity

In this work, we explored NIR reflectivity and thermal conductivity of Y3-xCexAl5O12 compounds (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) as thermal insulation pigments. The test results show that the phase structure still retained the cubic phase and the morphology presents a curved worm-shaped. Also, cerium occurs in its mixed-valence state (+3, +4) in the Ce-doped Y3Al5O12. The prepared compounds registered a high value of NIR solar reflectance in 700–2500 nm of light (76.47%−90.06%), and the variation in NIR reflectivity value was expounded in terms of free carrier concentration and the electron trap. The ceramic materials added with the Ce-doped Y3Al5O12 pigments exhibited a lower thermal conductivity (<0.3796 W/mk), compared with other conventional ones. Moreover, the composition displayed bright yellow colors, corresponding to the transition absorption of Ce3+ in the blue region from 4f to 5d. Application studies proved that the inner surface temperature of the ceramic substrate prepared with the synthesized pigment is 7.5 °C lower than the ordinary ceramic of the same color. This type of yellow ceramic pigment with optimal NIR reflectivity and low thermal conductivity exhibited potential applications in insulating ceramics.

Synthesis and Printability of Aqueous Ceramic Ink with Graft Polymer

Ink-jet printing is a manufacturing process technology that directly prints a digitalized design pattern onto a substrate using a fine ink jetting system. In this study, environmentally friendly yellow aqueous ceramic ink is synthesized by mixture of distilled water, yellow ceramic pigment and additives for ink-jet printing. The graft polymer, which combines electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance mechanism, is used as a surfactant for dispersion stability of aqueous ceramic ink. Synthesized ceramic ink with graft polymer surfactant shows better dispersion stability than did ceramic ink with PAA surfactant; synthesized ink also shows desirable ink-jet printability with the formation of a single ink droplet during printability test. Finally, ceramic ink printed on glass substrate and ceramic ink with graft polymer surfactant shows a high contact angle without surface treatment on glass substrate. Consequently, it is confirmed that the ceramic ink with graft polymer surfactant can achieve high printing resolution without additional surface treatment process.

Acid Leaching-Based Synthesis of CdS Yellow Ceramic Pigment with Discarded Ni-Cd Batteries

There is increasing interest in the ceramic industry in the development of pigments with intense tonalities that can be produced from low-cost alternative raw materials and also can fulfill technological and environmental requirements. This work reports on the preparation and characterization of CdS yellow ceramic pigment derived from Ni-Cd batteries through an acid leaching process. Cadmium was chemically extracted with HCl and tributylphosphate (TBP) and reacted with H2S to form CdS. The obtained yellow powder is composed of agglomerated particles with nanometer sizes and hexagonal and rod-shaped crystals. Rietveld refinement indicated that these particles consist of cubic and hexagonal CdS. CIELab colorimetric parameters revealed a bright yellow color (L*=77.8, a*=13.7 and b*=76.2), similar to that of commercial Cd Yellow pigment. The extraction of Cd from Ni-Cd batteries could be a low-cost and environmentally friendly solution for the production of CdS-based ceramic pigments.

Cool and photocatalytic yellow ceramic pigments; from lead-tin to Cr doped scheelite pigments

The historical lead based pigments (XVII-XVIII century), the modern Ni,Sb-rutile (1939) and Pr-zircon (1961) yellow pigments as well as the novel yellow pigments based on Cr-scheelite and Mo-yttrium cerate pigments were synthesized and compared as semiconductors of high NIR reflectance (cool pigments) and with photocatalytic activity. All powders are wide band gap semiconductors (Eg=2.1–3.1 eV) with high NIR reflectance, ranging from 80% for Cr-Scheelite to 86% of Naples yellow, except Ni,Sb-rutile pigment that shows 55%. The low color performance of lead based pigments in alkyd paint and lead-free glazes along with its toxicity, discard these pigments as cool eco-friendly pigments. The Pr-zircon, Cr-scheelite and Mo-yttrium cerate pigments exhibit high NIR reflectance (RNIR = 80–83%) and yellow coloration (b* = 57.6–45.3) but only Pr-zircon and Cr-scheelite show color stability in alkyd paint and lead free glaze applications. Regarding to results of Orange II photodegradation test, lead based and Ni,Sb-rutile pigments inhibits the photolysis of the UV irradiation, acting as protecting agents from irradiation. The Mo-cerate shows a slight photocatalytic activity (t1/2 = 301 min) and both Cr-scheelite and Pr-zircon pigments show a moderate activity (t1/2 = 198 and 184 min respectively). Looking at a possible industrial application, the leaching test shows that the fluorides released by Pr-zircon (16.8 mg/g) as well as the Cr(VI) of Cr-scheelite (6 mg/g) should be treated and controlled. The Cr-scheelite solid solution Ca(CrxW1-x)O4 is stable to x = 0.2 but its pigmenting capacity saturates at x = 0.1.

Co2P2O7–Ni2P2O7 solid solutions: Structural characterization and color

AbstractNH4[Co1−yNiyPO4]·H2O (0 ≤ y ≤ 1) single crystals were fired to prepare Co2−xNixP2O7 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 solid solutions between 800 and 1200°C. The structure of these solid solutions is α‐M2P2O7 (M = Co, Ni). The contraction of the unit cell with increasing x confirmed the formation of these solid solutions. The UV–vis–NIR spectra of these solid solutions were consistent with Co(II) and Ni(II) ions in the two different crystallographic sites (octahedral site and square pyramidal site) in the α‐M2P2O7 structure. Due to their thermal stability, Co2−xNixP2O7 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) solid solutions with α‐M2P2O7 structure can be used as a blue, green, brown or yellow ceramic pigment.

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(Ni, Sb)-co-doped rutile yellow ceramic pigments were synthesized via a mechanical activation-assisted solid-state reaction in a stirred bead mill. The effects of mechanical grinding of the raw materials on the synthesis of (Ni, Sb)-co-doped rutile pigment were investigated. The results show that mechanical activation effectively decreased the crystallinity of the mixed precursors, thus enhancing their reactivity and the migration rate of ions. These effects lowered the temperature required for formation of the rutile phase. Compared with results from a mixture of separately ground precursors, the mixture of raw materials ground together was more effective for accelerating nickel/antimony ions doping into the TiO2 structure and improved the color performance of the pigment. The pigment from the mixed raw materials ground for 2.0 h and heat-treated at 1100 °C could be used as an environmentally-friendly ceramic yellow pigment owing to its low-toxicity, bright yellow hue, good chemical/thermal durability, and high cost-effectiveness.

Synthesis and characterization of (Ni, Sb)-co-doped rutile ceramic pigment via mechanical activation-assisted solid-state reaction

(Ni, Sb)-co-doped rutile yellow ceramic pigments were synthesized via a mechanical activation-assisted solid-state reaction in a stirred bead mill. The effects of mechanical grinding of the raw materials on the synthesis of (Ni, Sb)-co-doped rutile pigment were investigated. The results show that mechanical activation effectively decreased the crystallinity of the mixed precursors, thus enhancing their reactivity and the migration rate of ions. These effects lowered the temperature required for formation of the rutile phase. Compared with results from a mixture of separately ground precursors, the mixture of raw materials ground together was more effective for accelerating nickel/antimony ions doping into the TiO2 structure and improved the color performance of the pigment. The pigment from the mixed raw materials ground for 2.0h and heat-treated at 1100°C could be used as an environmentally-friendly ceramic yellow pigment owing to its low-toxicity, bright yellow hue, good chemical/thermal durability, and high cost-effectiveness.

New chromium doped powellite (Cr–CaMoO4) yellow ceramic pigment

A new chromium doped powellite (Cr–CaMoO4) yellow ceramic pigment alternative to yellow of praseodymium-zircon has been synthesised and characterised in order to analyse: (a) the stoichiometry of the solid solution, (b) the effect of the dopant concentration under the pigmenting properties, (c) the effect of the chromium precursor and mineralizers addition, (d) the effect of the synthesis method. The composition CrxCaMo1−xO4x=0.075 using K2Cr2O7 or Cr2O3 as chromium precursors fired at 1000–1100°C produces a yellow colour, slightly lower in intensity than the commercial praseodymium-zircon yellow pigment in double (1000°C) or single firing (monoporosa—1080°C or porcelainized stoneware—1200°C) ceramic glazes. By a coprecipitation method with ammonia, and firing at 950°C, the yellow ceramic pigment glazed in a conventional CaO–ZnO–SiO2 glaze (monoporosa glaze, 1080°C) shows a yellow colour similar to the commercial praseodymium-zircon yellow pigment. However the release and possible mobilization of the Cr (VI) should be controlled in order to get its industrial implementation.

Environmental-friendly yellow pigment based on Tb and M (M=Ca or Ba) co-doped Y2O3

Abstract A yellow inorganic ceramic pigment with general formula Y1.86−xMxTb0.14O3−x/2 (M = Ca and/or Zn) with x = 0.06, 0.32 and 0.64 were synthesized by a modified Pechini method. XRD, SEM and HRTEM/EDX analysis showed the formation of solid solution at 1300 °C when x = 0.06 and 0.32. The best b* yellow coordinates were obtained for Ca and Zn co-doped Y1.86Tb0.14O3 samples. The intensity of the yellow colour in the samples is related to the presence of Tb4+ ions. Samples with higher concentration of Tb4+ ions lead to a better yellow colour. The chemical stability of these pigments was determinate in an industrial glaze. The glazing tests indicated that the powder samples with x = 0.06 and 0.32 fired at 1300 °C were stable in the glaze. These results make it a potential candidate for environmental friendly yellow ceramic pigment to be used in applications such as pigment for glazes or inkjet printers.

Development of a yellow ceramic pigment based on silver nanoparticles

Abstract In this study a yellow pigment was obtained for third-fire ceramic decorations, based on silver nanoparticles synthesised by the method of chemical reduction in aqueous phase, using silver nitrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone as raw materials. Monitoring of the nanoparticle synthesis reaction by UV–vis spectroscopy allowed optimum operating conditions to be defined in preparing these particles for use as chromophores. Under these conditions, a stable suspension of Ag nanoparticles, which were well dispersed and had an average diameter of 20–30 nm, was obtained. Polyvinyl alcohol and tetraethyl orthosilicate were then added to the nanoparticle suspension to obtain the pigment precursor. The pigment precursor was directly applied on to fired glazed ceramic tile. Subsequent thermal treatment at moderate temperature (700 °C) yielded a layer less than one micron thick, which generated an intense yellow colour.

Ecofriendly green and yellow ceramic pigments based on calcium-doped Pr&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;Mo&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;9&lt;/sub&gt; obtained by addition of mineralizers and chemical coprecipitation

En el presente trabajo se presenta la sintesis de disoluciones solidas (Pr2-xCax)Mo2O9 via ceramica, comprobandose la evolucion cristalografica y de coloracion del verde al amarillo, al aumentar la cantidad de iones calcio (x) en la disolucion solida descrita en la literatura. Se ha estudiado el comportamiento al esmaltar plaquetas ceramicas con una frita de bicoccion sin plomo, coloreada al 5% en peso del pigmento, la cual rinde colores amarillos suaves que no superan el valor de la coordenada cromatica b*=19. La mineralizacion con NH4Cl, NaF y Na2SiF6 de la composicion (Pr2-xCax)Mo2O9 con x=0,1 e igual cantidad molar de halogenos (0,84 moles por peso formula), desarrolla un efecto estructural del ion fluoruro sobre la disolucion solida que no se traduce en una mejor coloracion en el esmalte. La utilizacion de la coprecipitacion amoniacal en la muestra x=0,6 produce una cristalizacion similar a su homologa ceramica, pero con picos de difraccion de rayos x mas intensos y menos anchos, lo que indica una cristalizacion mas regular y de mayor tamano cristalino que se corrobora mediante la microscopia electronica de barrido. Esta microestructura confiere coloraciones amarillas mas intensas en las muestras en polvo y permite resistir mejor el ataque del vidriado, produciendo coloraciones amarillas significativamente superiores a las de las muestras ceramicas.

Optical and morphological properties of Ce-doped TiO 2–MoO 3 ceramic matrix

This study involves the production of a yellow ceramic pigment and examines the influence of the addition of Ce 2O 3 to a TiO 2–MoO 3 matrix processed by solid state reactions in a calcination step at 1200 °C. The presence of Ce +3 ions in the matrix leads to a decrease in the band gap value, intensifying the yellow color of the pigment. The absorbance spectra show light absorption in the visible region at a wavelength in the range of yellow color. The system under study results in a yellow pigment with a more intense color than that of the matrix.

The nature of marbled Terra Sigillata slips: a combined μXRF and μXRD investigation

In addition to the red terra sigillata production, the largest Gallic workshop (La Graufesenque) made a special type of terra sigillata, called “marbled” by the archaeologists. Produced exclusively at this site, this pottery is characterized by a surface finish made of a mixture of yellow and red slips. Because the two slips are intimately mixed, it is difficult to obtain the precise composition of one of the two constituents without contamination from the other. In order to obtain very precise correlation at the appropriate scale between the color aspect and the elemental and mineralogical phase distributions in the slip, combined electron microprobe, X-ray micro spectroscopies and micro diffraction on cross-sectional samples were performed. The aim of this study is to discover how potters were able to produce this unique type of terra sigillata and especially this particular slip of an intense yellow color. Results show that the yellow component of marbled sigillata was made from a titanium-rich clay preparation. The color is due to the formation of a pseudobrookite (TiFe2O5) phase in the yellow part of the slip, the main characteristics of that structure being considered nowadays as essential for the fabrication of stable yellow ceramic pigments. Its physical properties such as high refractive indices and a melting point higher than that of most silicates widely used as ceramic colorants are indeed determinant for this kind of application. Finally, the red parts have a similar composition (elementary and mineralogical) to the one of standard red slip.

Thermal study of TiO2–CeO2 yellow ceramic pigment obtained by the Pechini method

TiO2–CeO2 oxides for application as ceramic pigments were synthesized by the Pechini method. In the present work the polymeric network of the pigment precursor was studied using thermal analysis. Results obtained using TG and DTA showed the occurrence of three main mass loss stages and profiles associated to the decomposition of the organic matter and crystallization. The kinetics of the degradation was evaluated by means of TG applying different heating rates. The activation energies (Ea) and reaction order (n) for each stage were determined using Horowitz–Metzger, Coats–Redfern, Kissinger and Broido methods. Values of Ea varying between 257–267 kJ mol–1 and n=0–1 were found. According to the kinetic analysis the decomposition reactions were diffusion controlled.

High-performance yellow ceramic pigments Zr(Ti 1− x− ySn x− yV yM y)O 4 (M = Al, In, Y): Crystal structure, colouring mechanism and technological properties

Zirconium titanate-stannate doped with V with co-dopants Al, In or Y was synthesised by solid state reaction and its structural (XRD, SEM), optical (DRS) and technological properties were determined to assess its potential use as ceramic pigment. These compounds have a srilankite-type, disordered orthorhombic structure, implying a random distribution of Zr, Ti, Sn and dopants in a single, strongly distorted octahedral site. Doping caused an increase of unit-cell dimensions, metal–oxygen distances and octahedron distortion. Optical spectra show crystal field electronic transitions of V 4+ as well as intense bands in the blue-UV range due to V 4+–V 5+ intervalence charge transfer and/or to V–O charge transfer. The formation of oxygen vacancies is supposed to compensate the occurrence of V 4+ ensuring the lattice charge neutrality. These srilankite-type oxides develop a deep and brilliant yellow shade with colourimetric parameters close to those of industrial ceramic pigments. Technological tests in several ceramic applications proved that zirconium titanate-stannate is very stable at high temperature, exhibiting an excellent performance in the 1200–1250 °C range, even better than praseodymium-doped zircon.

Study of nickel precursors in (Ni,M,Ti)O2(M = Sb, Nb) yellow ceramic pigments

Abstract NixTi1 - 3xM2xO2 (M = Sb, Nb; 0·05 ≤ x ≤ 0·10) samples have been synthesised from mixtures of NiO, Nb2O5, Sb2O3, and TiO2. From characterisation of these samples, x = 0·05 was chosen to compare results with different nickel precursors. Thus samples of Ni0·05Ti0·85M0·10O2 (M = Sb, Nb) were also prepared from NiCO3.3Ni(OH)2.4H2O, NiCl2.6H2O, Ni(NO3)2.6H2O, NiSO4.6H2O, and Ni(CH3COO)2.4H2O. A eutectic mixture of alkaline halides (NaF:2NaCl) was used as fluxing agent. Optimal yellow colour was found in the mixture of NiSO4.6H2O, Sb2O5, and TiO2 fired at 1100°C for 2 h.

Structure and color of NixA1−3xB2xO2 (A=Ti, Sn; B=Sb, Nb) solid solutions

In this study, NixTi1−3xB2xO2 (B=Sb, Nb; 0⩽x⩽1/3) and Ni0.1A0.7B0.2O2 (A=Ti, Sn; B=Sb, Nb) compositions were synthesized by the ceramic method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-V spectroscopy and CIELAB (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage L*a*b*) parameters measurements. NixTi1−3xSb2xO2 (0⩽x⩽0.10) and NixTi1−3xNb2xO2 (0⩽x⩽0.30) solid solutions with rutile structure were obtained at 1300 °C/24 h. From Ni0.1A0.7B0.2O2 (A=Ti, Sn; B=Sb, Nb) compositions, a worse yellow color was obtained when A=Sn than when A=Ti. NixA1−3xB2xO2 with A=Ti, B=Nb, x⩽0.10 and 1000 °C⩽T ⩽1200 °C might be established as compositional and fired temperature ranges to obtain yellow ceramic pigments in these systems.

Praseodymium-doped cubic Ca–ZrO2 ceramic stain

The cubic Ca–ZrO 2 structure has been used as host for preparing a yellow ceramic stain using praseodymium as dopant. Samples with Ca x Pr 0.1 Zr 0.9− x O 2 ( X =0.14, 0.17, 0.2) compositions have been prepared by the ceramic method (CE) and by several gel processing techniques: the colloidal method (CG), the gelatine method (GE), the citrate method (CI) and a polymeric route (PG). Fired samples have been evaluated as ceramic pigments following enameling with the powders in ceramic glazes. The results show that a yellow ceramic pigment is obtained in all samples without significative differences among the different methods and compositions. This yellow ceramic pigment has been identified as a Pr–(Ca–ZrO 2 ) solid solution.

The nature of Pr-ZrSiO4 yellow ceramic pigment

Pr-ZrSiO4 yellow ceramic pigment is believed to be a solid solution of Pr4+ with the zircon lattice, but studies are poor and scarce. The aim of this paper is the synthesis of Pr-ZrSiO4 yellow pigment in the presence of NaF by several non-conventional methods and to investigate the nature of the pigment. Results indicate that the formation of Pr-ZrSiO4 yellow pigment must be explained by two simultaneous mechanisms: formation of a solid solution of Pr in a ZrSiO4 network and an occlusion mechanism.

ChemInform Abstract: New Yellow Ceramic Pigment Based on Codoping Pyrochloro‐Type Y2Ti2O7 with V5+ and Ca2+.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.