Abstract On a yellow-brown loam ne ar Te Anau, South Island, New Zealand, cultivated for the first time, the following factors were examined:— 1. (1) The inoculation of clover seed with an effective rhizobial culture.2. (2) The time and rate of application of superphosphate.3. (3) The effect of a Bange-type Cambridge roller and a heavy smooth roller on the establishment and survival of seedlings.4. (4) The value of discing in or broadcasting 2 rates of limestone.5. (5) The possibility of magnesium deficiency. It was concluded that the establishment and vigour of sown clover, especially white clover, in the first year greatly affected the yield of mixed pasture in the second year. In order to obtain grass-clover pasture of satisfactory composition and vigour the following practices were found to be important:- 1. (1) Effective inoculation of clover with rhizobium.2. (2) Initial rates of application of superphosphate of not less than 6–9 cwt per acre at or about the time of sowing the seed.3. (3) Careful preparation of the seedbed combined with the use of a Cambridge or other flanged roller. The value of limestone, sulphur, and molybdenurn as aids to pasture establishment remains to be determined. Magnesium deficiency did not occur in newly sown pasture.