Yeast-induced Pyrexia In Rats Research Articles

Investigations of Phytochemical, Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory and Antipyretic Effects of Ixora Pavetta Andrews Leaf

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract of I.pavetta Andrews leaf on acute toxicity, anti-inflammation, antipyretic and analgesic effect in albino rats. Methodology: The plant leaves I.pavetta were taken and obtained materials were washed, shade dried into coarse powder using a mechanical grinder and then to prepare ethanol extract. The different phytochemical compounds such as alkaloids, saponins, glycosides and tannins were present in the ethanol extracts. The total number of rats was 30 which included male and female albino rats. The age range was 160-240g. All data was analyzed by SPSS 21. Results: The results indicated that the extract's LD50 is greater than 3000 mg/kg, p.o., and that no mortality was seen at this dose for 14 days. In terms of analgesic activity, the use of different doses of ethanol extract (600, 800mg/kg) show significantly reduced; p<0.0001*** the number of writhes and caused the highest analgesic effect than compared to the reference drug group (Aspirin 100mg/kg). The carrageenan induced hind-paw oedema in rats were used to explore the anti-inflammatory effects, and the study's findings showed that the use of different dose of extract at (600 and 800 mg/kg) had shown significantly; p<0.001** reduced inflammatory and pain effects in rats as compared to reference drug (phenylbutazone 100mg/kg). The yeast-induced pyrexia in rats was used to test the antipyretic efficacy, and the different dose of extract significantly; p<0.001** decreased body temperature at doses of (600 and 800 mg/kg) than compared to the acetylsalicylic acid (100mg/kg). Conclusions: The ethanol extract of plant leaf I. pavetta have shown greater analgesic efficacy, anti-inflammation and antipyretic activities. Keywords: Acetic acid, analgesic effect, anti-inflammation.

In vitro antiviral, antioxidant and in vivo antipyretic activity of three South Africa medicinal plants crude extracts

This study investigated anti-viral, antioxidant activity and anti-pyretic of crude extract from Artemisia afra, Artemisia absinthium and Pittiosporum viridflorum leaves. The crude extracts were prepared by maceration using aqueous, methanol and dichloromethane respectively. Antiviral studies were evaluated with influenza virus using Fluorescence based -Neuraminidase inhibitors. Antioxidant activities determined with DPPH, Nitric oxide, hydroxyl and super oxide anion radicals’ Anti-pyretic activities were evaluated using rats with yeast induced pyrexia. Total phenol, flavonoids, and pro-anthocyanin contents of the plants samples were evaluated using standard protocols. The crude extracts exhibited neuraminidase inhibitory activity against the influenza virus at different thresholds. Artemisia absinthium aqueous extract showed the best activity against A/Sydney/5/97. Whereas Artemisia afra methanol crude extract displayed highest antioxidant potential against the tested antioxidant parameters. All the crude extracts significantly reversed yeast induced pyrexia in rats, similar to paracetamol. Thus, they could serve as natural remedy for respiratory diseases such as Influenza.

Antioxidant and antipyretic studies on methanolic extraction of flaveria trinervia leaves

The aim of the present study was to perform antipyretic and antioxidant activity of Flaveria trinervia Methanolic leaves extract by different in-vivo and in-vitro models. The different pharmacognostical parameters were evaluated as per standard procedure. Finally, antipyretic (Brewer’s Yeast Pyrexia model) and antioxidant activity (Hydroxyl Radaical scavenging activity, determination of Reducing Power, Metal chelating activity, Carbon tetrachloride (ccl4) induced lipid peroxidation, Inhibitory Test on Protein Oxidative Modification, Lipid peroxidation assay, Catalase assay and Reduced glutathione assay) was evaluated by adopting different methods. The extracts showed a marked antipyretic effect by causing a reduction in yeast-induced fever. Methanolic extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) showed the effect to the same degree as paracetamol (50mg/kg, i.p.). The experimentally induced laboratory model was employed in evaluating the antipyretic activities of Methanolic extracts of Flaveria trinervia. The extract caused a better hypothermal activity against yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. Free radical scavenging activity of Flaveria trinervia. was found because polyphenolic compounds present in plant contribute significantly to the total antioxidant capacity of the leaves. Flavonoids play some important pharmacological roles against diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, inflammation and allergy.

Pharmacological studies of anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and anti-pyretic compounds found in chromatographic fractions of Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC). Guill. & Perr. leaves

Context: The anti-nociceptive and anti-pyretic properties of the crude aqueous extract of Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC). Guill. & Perr. leaves have been reported. Aims: To investigate the anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, and anti-pyretic properties of aqueous extract of A. leiocarpa leaves (AEAL) and its fractions to identify the bioactive compound(s). Methods: AEAL was fractionated successively and eluted in gradients of solvent mixture (n-hexane, ethylacetate, and methanol). Eluates, which showed similar TLC profiles were pooled to afford 5 fractions (F1-F5). AEAL and the fractions were subjected to phytochemical analysis and investigated for anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, and anti-pyretic effects using carrageenan-induced paw edema and Brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia in rats, and acetic acid-induced writhing in mouse models, respectively. Results: Phytochemical analysis indicated presence of terpenoids, saponins, steroids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids. At 200 mg/kg b.w, AEAL and F1-F5 recorded significant (p<0.05) improvements in paw edema, abdominal constrictions and pyrexia, which is comparable to the standard (ketoprofen or Aspirin), relative to the control groups, with F4 observed to be the most potent fraction. GC-MS analysis of F4 reveal the presence of hexadecenoic acid, 15-methyl-, methylester, 9-oxabicyclo (6.1.0) nonane, cis-, cholest-4-en-3-one, cholesterol and 3-diazo-1-methyl-1, 3-dihydro-indol-2-one. Conclusions: The results indicate that identified compounds, particularly 3-dihydro-indol-2-one, could be responsible for the anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, and anti-pyretic properties of the extract.

Chemical diversity analysis and biological activities evaluation of different polyphenolic extracts of Marrubium deserti De Noé from Algeria

Ethnopharmacological relevanceMarrubium deserti De Noé (Lamiaceae) commonly known as desert horehound, is a small perennial herb distributed in arid climates. This plant has been used in Algeria for the treatment of cold, cough, fever and inflammation.Aim of the study: This study aimed to perform a phytochemical analysis and to evaluate the effect of diethyl ether (ExDiEth), n-butanol (ExBut) and hydroalcoholic (ExHyD) extracts of the aerial parts of M. deserti De Noé on inflammation, nociceptive response and fever in animal models. Materials and methodsThe total phenolic content and the different phenolic fraction (flavones-flavonols, free aglycones, anthocyanidins, C-glycosides and flavonic heterosides) were quantified in order to study the chemical diversity. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw oedema test and the nociceptive response was determined by the chemical method using acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin-induced paw licking tests and by the thermal method using the hot plate in mice. In addition, anti-fever was investigated using yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. ResultsQuantitative analysis revealed that among all extracts, ExBut had a higher phenolic content and the aerial parts of M. deserti De Noé collected from two different sites (Biskra and Tamanresset) had a significant difference in the contents of flavonic heterosids and flavones-flavonols. PCA and CA showed a strong intra-specific variability of M. deserti De Noé individuals. Our results showed that the ExDiEth, ExBut and ExHyD treatments prevented the increase of paw oedema by 56.25%, 66.65% and 45.56% inhibition percent, respectively. Moreover, treatments with these extracts significantly (p<0.05) decreased the number of writhing and increased the reaction time to thermal stimulation as well as demonstrated reduction in paw licking time both at early and late phases. Likewise, they also showed a significant reduction of yeast-induced pyrexia till 4 h of treatment. ConclusionResults from this study show that M. deserti De Noé aerial parts exhibited anti-inflammatory, analgesic with central and peripheral actions and antipyretic activities which could be associated with the presence of some phytochemicals as flavones, flavonols, flavonic heterosids and phenolic acids.

Antipyretic Activity of AOF Herbal Formulation in Brewer’s Yeast-Induced Pyrexia in Rats

The aim of the present study was to investigate the antipyretic activity of AOF herbal formulation by Brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia in Wistar rats. AOF herbal formulation consists of 13 medicinal plant parts and some of which are reputed for antipyretic effect. The acute oral toxicity was carried out in albino mice according to OECD 423-guidelines. It revealed that there is no toxic sign up to the dose level of 2000 mg/kg body weight. Adult albino rats of either sex (200-250 gm) were divided into five groups containing six in each group for antipyretic study. Before yeast injection, the basal rectal temperature of rats were recorded and after that, the rats were given subcutaneous injection of 10 ml/kg of 15% yeast solution. Rectal temperature of each rat was measured again 19 hours after yeast injection. After confirming that those rats were induced pyrexia, the test drugs and standard drug were administered orally into different groups. Three doses of test drug (1, 1.5 and 2 gm/kg body weight) were used. Paracetamol (150 mg/kg) was administered to standard group. Rectal temperatures were measured at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours after test drug administration. This herbal formulation (2 g/kg body weight) showed significant reduction of yeast-induced pyrexia in rats at 1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr and 4 hr after administration of test drug (p&lt;0.001) when compared to the control group. The present results show that AOF herbal formulation possesses a significant antipyretic effect in Brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia in rats.

Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic and Antipyretic Potential of the Stem Barks Aqueous Extract of Albizia ferruginea (Guill. &amp; Perr.) Benth. (Mimosaceae) in Rats and Mice

Aims: The present research was carried out to investigate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic potential of aqueous extract of Albizia ferruginea stem bark.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Department of Animal Biology and Physiology (Animal Physiology Laboratory), Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I. between March 2012 and June 2016.&#x0D; Methods: Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyzes were done.The anti-inflammatory effect of the plant extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) was investigated on carrageenan, histamine, serotonin or dextran-induced paw oedema. The analgesic activity was evaluated on acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced nociception, hot plate and tail immersion tests in Swiss albino mice. The antipyretic activity of A. ferruginea extract was assessed on brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia.&#x0D; Results: Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the AEAF revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoïds, phenols, saponins, tannins, glycosides, tannins and steroids. For quantitative phytochemical analysis, total flavonols represent 0.12±0.04 mg EQT/g dried extract and the total phenol content was 58.69±0.65 mg ECA/g dried extract. The total flavonoids content was 0.18±0.01mg EQT/g dried extract).The total alkaloids presented a grade of 27.45±0.14 mg EBER/g dried extract. Carrageenan, dextran, histamine and serotonin-induced inflammation were significantly inhibited by A. ferruginea’s extract (200 mg/kg), exhibiting 55.47%, 50.26%, 62.88% and 42.59% inhibition, respectively. Acetic acid-induced writhing was significantly reduced by the plant extract. The extract of Albizia ferruginea (200 mg/kg) significantly reduced the second phase of formalin test. The analgesic tests revealed that A. ferruginea had only peripheral analgesic effect. Additionally, the plant’s extract prevented brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia in rats.&#x0D; Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that A. ferruginea’s aqueous extract has anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and antipyretic properties and this strongly supports the ethnopharmacological uses.

Antipyretic Effect of Herba Ephedrae-Ramulus Cinnamomi Herb Pair on Yeast-Induced Pyrexia Rats: A Metabolomics Study.

To investigate the antipyretic mechanism of Herba Ephedrae (Eph)-Ramulus Cinnamomi (RC) herb pair on yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. Totally 30 qualified male SD rats were randomly assigned to the normal control (NC) group, the pyrexia model (model) group, the Eph, RC and Eph-RC treatment groups by a random digital table, 6 rats in each group. Each rat received a 20% aqueous suspension of yeast (10 mL/kg) except the NC group. The 3 treatment groups were administered 8.1, 5.4 and 13.5 g/kg Eph, RC and Eph-RC respectively at 5 and 12 h after yeast injection, the NC group and the model groups were administered equal volume of distilled water. Rectal temperatures were measured at 0, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24 and 30 h and urine was collected prior to yeast injection and at 6, 10, 18, 24, 30, and 36 h after yeast injection. Then urine metabolomic profiling by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, coupled with multivariate statistical analysis and pattern recognition techniques were used to explore the antipyretic effects of Eph-RC. Partial least squares discriminate analysis was used to analyze the metabolomics dataset including classification and regression in metabolomics plot profiling. Compared with the NC group, rectal temperatures were significantly higher in the model group (P<0.01), while 3 treatment groups decreased significantly compared with the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Rectal temperatures of Eph-RC-treated rats started to go down at 6 h, and markedly decreased at 8, 12, 15, 18 and 24 h (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while those of the Eph and RC groups had decreased firstly at 8 h and were markedly lower at 12 h (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Seventeen potential biomarkers related to pyrexia were confirmed and identified, including pyruvic acid, L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, phenylacetic acid, hippuric acid, succinic acid, citrate and so on. Eight potential alterations of metabolic pathways including phenylalanine metabolism, citrate cycle, tryptophan metabolism, biosynthesis of valine, leucine and isoleucine, were identified in relation to the antipyretic effects of Eph-RC using MetPA software. The antipyretic effect of Eph-RC herb pair on yeast-induced pyrexia in rats involved correction of perturbed amino acid, fatty acid, and carbohydrate metabolism according to the metabolic pathway analysis with MetPA.

English

The phytochemical screening of Citharexylum spinosum L. aerial parts resulted in the presence of flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates and/or glycosides, triterpenes and/or sterols and saponins. The percentage of hydrocarbons and sterols in C. spinosum petroleum ether extract were 99.57 and 0.3%, respectively. In petroleum ether extract, saturated fatty acids (78.76%) and unsaturated fatty acids (9.14%) were found. Chromatographic fractionation of 80% aqueous, methanol and chloroform extracts of C. spinosum resulted in isolation of 10 compounds; &beta;-Sitosterol, &beta;-Sitosterol 3-O-&beta;-D-glucopyranoside, Oleanolic acid, Gallic acid, Quercetin, 6-Methoxy acacetin 7-O-&beta;-D-glucopyranoside, Naringenin, Quercetin 3-O-&alpha;-L-rhamnopyranoside (Quercetrin), 1, 2, 6-tri-O-galloyl-&beta;-D-glucopyranoside and Rutin. The antipyretic activity of aqueous methanolic residue using Brewer&#39;s yeast-induced pyrexia in rats was significant at dose 300 mg/kg. All tested samples had no analgesic activity. The major isolated compounds were quercetin and quercetrin, their biological activities, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, were determined parallel to the extracts. It was found that the aqueous methanolic residue, chloroform extract, quercetin and quercetrin exerted significant antimicrobial activity. From 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell proliferation assay on A2780 human ovarian cell line, quercetrin showed moderate cytotoxic activity, whereas quercetin showed significant cytotoxic activity. &nbsp; Key words: Citharexylum spinosum, lipoidal matter, phenolics, antipyretic, antimicrobial.

Determination of Antipyretic and Antioxidant Activity of Cassia occidentalis Linn Methanolic Seed Extract

Objective: To perform the pharmacognostical screening and determination of antipyretic and antioxidant activity of Cassia occidentalis L. Methanolic seed extract by different in-vitro models. Methods: The different pharmacognostical parameters were evaluated as per standard procedure. Finally, antipyretic (Brewer’s Yeast Pyrexia model) and antioxidant activity (DPPH and Hydrogen Pyrode Method) was evaluated by adopting different methods. Results: The extracts showed a marked antipyretic effect (Figure 1) by causing a reduction in yeast-induced fever. Methanolic extract (400 mg/kg) showed the effect to the same degree as paracetamol (20 mg/kg, i.p.). The experimentally induced laboratory model was employed in evaluating the antipyretic activities of methanolic extracts of Cassia occidentalis L. The extract caused a better hypothermal activity against yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. Free radical scavenging activity of Cassia occidentalis L. was found because polyphenolic compounds present in plant contribute significantly to the total antioxidant capacity of the seed. Flavonoids play some important pharmacological roles against diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, inflammation and allergy. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that the methanolic seed extract of Cassia occidentalis L. possesses strong antipyretic and antioxidant activity. This study described many pharmacognostical features and antioxidant activity of seeds of Cassia occidentalis L. which will give a new direction for the future scientific research.

In vivo analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory potential of leaf extracts and fractions of Eria javanica.

Background The objective of the study was to evaluate the antinociceptive, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extract, methanolic extract and n-hexane and chloroform-soluble fractions of methanolic extract of Eria javanica leaves in animal model (rat and mice). Methods The anti-nociceptive potentials of the extracts were studied using the acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice and the antipyretic activity was investigated using yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. Anti-inflammatory activity test was done on rats at a dose by using carrageenan-induced paw edema test. Results In acetic acid-induced writhing inhibition study in Swiss albino mice, the crude methanolic extract at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses and the n-hexane soluble fraction of crude methanolic extract at 400 mg/kg showed statistically significant activity with 53.21 % (p<0.001), 50.36 % (p<0.001) and 67.86 % (p<0.001) inhibition respectively compared to control. The crude ethanolic extract showed statistically significant antipyretic activity from 1 hours and onwards after administration at doses of 200 mg/kg body weight (p<0.005 at 1st hour and p<0.001 at 2nd, 3rd and 4th hour respectively) and 400 mg/kg body weight (p<0.05 at 1st hour and p<0.001 at 2nd, 3rd and 4th hour respectively). The crude methanolic extract showed statistically significant antipyretic activity from 2 hours and onwards at 400 mg/kg body weight (p<0.05 at 2nd hour and p<0.001 at 3rd and 4th hour respectively) and 200 mg/kg body weight dose showed statistically significant antipyretic activity from 3 hours and onward(p<0.001) in Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia test in albino Wister rats. In carrageenan-induced rat's paw edema test, crude methanolic extract showed statistically significant anti-inflammatory activity from 2nd hour and onwards. The chloroform-soluble fraction of methanolic extract also showed significant activity from 1st hour onwards. Conclusions This study thereby indicates that leaves of E. javanica possess peripheral analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities and therefore a suitable candidate for further study.

Albizia zygia (DC.) J.F. Macbr. (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae) root extract exhibits anti-nociceptive and antipyretic activities in murine models

Ethnopharmacological relevanceThe root extract of Albizia zygia (DC.) J.F. Macbr. (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae) is traditionally used in the management of pain and fever. However, little scientific data exists in literature to support its use. Aim of studyThe present study evaluated the anti-nociceptive and antipyretic properties of the hydroethanolic extract of the roots of Albizia zygia in animal models. Materials and methodsThe analgesic effects were investigated in chemical (acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing and formalin tests), thermal (tail-immersion test) and mechanical (carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia) pain models. Possible mechanisms of anti-nociception were also assessed with antagonists in the formalin test. The anti-pyretic effect was evaluated using the baker yeast-induced pyrexia model in young rats. ResultsThe extract (30–300mg/kg, p.o.) and positive controls, diclofenac (3–30mg/kg, i.p.) and morphine (1–10mg/kg, i.p.), significantly (at least P<0.01) attenuated acetic acid-induced visceral pain, formalin- induced paw pain (both neurogenic and inflammatory), thermal pain as well as carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in animals. The anti-nociceptive effect of the extract was reversed (at least P<0.05) by the pre-emptive administration of naloxone and atropine; the administration of theophylline, however, exhibited no significant (P>0.05) inhibition of anti-nociception. The extract (30–300mg/kg, p.o) and paracetamol (15–150mg/kg, p.o.) both reversed yeast-induced pyrexia in rats with ED50 values of 48.59±2.59 and 26.19±1.33mg/kg respectively. ConclusionThe findings indicate that the extract possesses significant anti-nociceptive and antipyretic effects which justify its traditional use in the management of pain and fever. Also, anti-nociceptive effect of the extract involves opioidergic and muscarinic cholinergic mechanisms.

Evaluation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activity of leukotriene receptor antagonist-montelukast: An experimental study

Background: Various inflammatory mediators are involved in initiating and sustaining pain/inflammation cascade. Recently, leukotrienes (LTs) have been shown to be important mediators in pain and inflammation. Aims and Objective: An experimental evaluation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activity of LT receptor antagonist-montelukast. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats of either sex weighing 180-250 g and Swiss mice weighing 25-30 g were used. Analgesic activity of montelukast (20 mg/kg) was evaluated and compared with tramadol (10 mg/kg) and aspirin (300 mg/kg) using tail flick response method and acetic acid-induced writhing method. For evaluating anti-inflammatory activity, carrageenin-induced rat paw edema and formalin-induced arthritis models were used. The antipyretic activity was evaluated in Baker’s yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. Results: Montelukast (20 mg/kg) had significant analgesic activity compared to control in acetic acid-induced writhing model but was ineffective in tail flick model. Montelukast showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenin-induced paw edema and formalin-induced arthritis models. Montelukast did not show antipyretic activity. Conclusion: Montelukast shows anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity which needs substantiation.

Evaluation of local anesthetic and antipyretic activities of Cinchona alkaloids in some animal models

Purpose: To evaluate the local anesthetic and antipyretic activities of an aqueous extract of Cinchona officinalis ( C. officinalis ) in experimental animal models. Methods: Various doses of the aqueous extract was tested for its local anesthetic activity in guinea pigs and frogs using intracutaneous and plexus anesthesia, respectively. For comparison, 2 % xylocaine was used as a reference drug. The anti-pyretic activity of the aqueous extract was determined by Brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia in rats, using aspirin (300 mg/kg) as reference. Results: C. officinalis extract, at concentrations of 10 and 20 %, produced significant anesthetic effects, of 72.12 and 88.08 %, respectively, compared with 96.86 % anesthetic effect of 2 % standard xylocaine (p < 0.001). In the plexus model, the mean onset of anesthetic effect was recorded at 6.44 ± 0.68 min versus 3.86 ± 0.42 min (p < 0.001) for the standard drug. Single administration of the extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) showed significant dose-dependent anti-pyretic activity throughout the observation period, which was comparable to the standard aspirin group. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the aqueous extract of C. officinalis has significant local anesthetic and anti-pyretic activities in rats. Keywords: Cinchona officinalis , Antipyretic, Aspirin, Local anesthesia, Cinchona alkaloids, Xylocaine

Antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities of Thais luteostoma extracts and underlying mechanisms

Thais luteostoma has been utilized as a crude drug whose shell and soft tissue have been widely used for the treatment of heat syndrome in China for thousands of years. The present study was designed to investigate the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities of T. luteostoma. T. luteostoma was divided into shell (TLSH) and soft tissue (TLST) samples in the present study. The rat model of yeast-induced fever was used to investigate their antipyretic effects; and the rat model of hind paw edema induced by carrageenan was utilized to study their anti-inflammatory activities, and at the same time, the concentration variations of the central neurotransmitter [prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)], inflammatory mediators [tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] and ion (Na+ and Ca2+) were also tested. The results showed that TLSH and TLST extracts significantly inhibited yeast-induced pyrexia in rats (P < 0.05), and exhibited more lasting effects as compared to aspirin, and TLSH had the better antipyretic activity than TLST, and that TLSH and TLST could significantly prevent against carrageenan induced paw edema in rats (P < 0.05); and markedly reduced levels of PGE2, cAMP, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and Na+/Ca2+. In fever model, TLST could significantly reduce the levels of PGE2 (P < 0.01) in rats' homogenate and TNFα (P < 0.05), IL-1β (P < 0.01) in the plasma than TLSH, whereas TLSH could reduce the content of IL-2 (P < 0.01) and IL-6 (P < 0.01) in plasma and increase the content of Ca2+ (P < 0.01) in plasma and homogenate more significantly than TLST. In conclusion, T. luteostoma extract has antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities, which may be mediated through the suppression of production of PGE2, cAMP, Na+/Ca2+, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-6.

Analgesic, Antipyretic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of the Egyptian Spitting Cobra; Naja nubiae Venom

Objectives: Although many venomous snakes represent a potential human health threat, their venoms provide a rich source of active components, many of which have been recently identified, and used as potential candidates for pharmacological therapeutic purposes. The current study was designed to evaluate the analgesic, antipyretic and antiinflammatory activities of the Egyptian spitting cobra Naja nubiae venom. Methods: The venom of N. nubiae was intraperitoneally injected at two dose levels (1/10 and 1/5 LD50). The peripheral and central analgesic effects were examined using acetic acidinduced abdominal writhing in mice and tail immersion test in rats, respectively. Brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia in rats was carried out to determine the antipyretic activity of the same doses, whereas the anti-inflammatory activity was tested using carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. Results: The results showed that N. nubiae venom produced a significant analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction response in mice and thermal nociception in rat. Moreover, the venom revealed a significant antipyretic effect on yeast-induced pyrexia. In paw edema, venom exhibited a significant activity with a maximum percentage of inhibition reaching 60.1% on both doses after 5 hour treatment, which was more powerful when compared with the standard drug; diclofenac sodium (38.6%). Histologically, the venom induced a moderate inflammatory cells infiltration in the dermis of paw. Conclusion: These results suggest potential analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities of the Egyptian spitting cobra crude venom.

Antipyretic and antimicrobial potential of Sida spinosa linn. aqueous root extract

Objective: Antipyretic and antimicrobial potential of Sida spinosa Linn. Aqueous root extract was evaluated using aspirin and chloramphenicol as standard drugs.Materials and methods: Roots were collected and extracted with water. The doses of the extract selected were 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w, according to OECD guidelines. Antipyretic potential was evaluated in Brewers yeast induced pyrexia in rats along with Antimicrobial activity by agar well diffusion technique.Results: Aqueous extract demonstrated highly significant (P<0.01) antipyretic activity during various assessment times (1-5 h) when challenged in yeast induced pyrexia test. Maximum attenuation (65.73% at 3h) was observed at 400mg/kg o.p.Antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli and S. aeruginosa, was carried out. All microbes were sensitive and activity was concentration dependent.Conclusion: Sida spinosa Linn. root possesses potent antipyretic and antimicrobial activity and has therapeutic potential.

Antiinflammatory, Analgesic and Antipyretic Activities of Aerial Parts of Costus speciosus Koen

In the present study, methanol extracts of Costus speciosus Koen. aerial parts were assessed for antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities in experimental animals. The antiinflammatory activity of methanol extract of Costus speciosus (400 and 800 mg/kg, p.o.) was evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw oedema test. Analgesic effect was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing and Eddy’s hot-plate models and antipyretic activity was assessed by Brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. The methanol extract of aerial parts of Costus speciosus in a dose of 400 and 800 mg/kg showed significant antiinflammatory activity (19.36 and 40.05% reduction) at 5 h postmedication. In analgesic models extract treated animals at (400 and 800 mg/kg) inhibited writhing’s caused by acetic acid by 14.24 and 31.90%, respectively, and it also increased the latency period at both high and low doses which showed the mean reaction time at 16.60±0.355 s and 14.12±0.355 s, respectively, when compared to control in hot-plate test. It also reduces the rectal temperature of the animals at low and high doses significantly 37.03±0.108° and 36.63±0.098°, respectively, in Brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia. The obtained results of the present investigation revealed that methanol extract of Costus speciosus has significant antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities.

ANTINOCICEPTIVE, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIPYRETIC EFFECTS OF CROTON CAUDATUS LEAVES

Croton caudatus (Euphorbiaceae) is claimed to be useful in treatment of sprains, arthritis and liver disorders in traditional system of medicine. In the present investigation antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of the 80% aqueous ethanolic extract from leaves of C. caudatus have been evaluated. The ethanolic extract reduced the nociception induced by acetic acid at dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly (P&lt;0.001) and in dose dependent manner. In the hot plate test, the extract significantly increased the latency time of jump. The naloxone reversed the antinociception of the extract in hot plate test, indicating that C. caudatus ethanolic extract has morphinomimetic properties. The extract significantly decreased the rectal temperature in yeast-induced pyrexia in rats at highest tested dose.The ethanolic extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg produced 47% protection in carrageenan-induced edema. Steroids and/or triterpenoids, flavonoids and their glycosides are the major constituents of ethanolic extract of C. caudatus.

Anti-nociceptive and Antipyretic Activities of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Cassia sophera Linn. Leaves

The crude hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia sophera Linn. leaves were investigated for its possible analgesic and antipyretic activities in rodents. The peripheral analgesic activity of C. sophera leaves was studied using acetic acidinduced writhing in mice and central analgesic activity was evaluated by using heat-induced pain in mice. The antipyretic activity of HECS was studied in Brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. All these experiments were done at the doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg body weight. Intraperitoneal administration of C. sophera hydroalcoholic extract (HECS) produced significant (P&lt;0.01) reduction in number of writhing induced by acetic-acid. Moreover, in hotplate test, HECS significantly (P&lt;0.01) raised the pain threshold at different time of observation (0-180 min) in comparison with control. The extract also showed significant as well as dose-dependent antipyretic activity in Brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia in rats throughout the observation period of 4 h. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v15i2.12573 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 15(2): 107-111, 2012