School Year Research Articles

School-Entry Vaccine Policies: States' Responses To Federal Recommendations Varied From Swift To Substantially Delayed.

School-entry immunization requirements are a valuable strategy to reduce the spread of vaccine-preventable diseases. This research examined the temporal relationship between recommendations issued by the federal Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and corresponding school-entry requirements adopted by states for adolescent meningococcal ACWY (MenACWY) and tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccines. A legal epidemiological review of statutes, regulations, and state agency guidance identified school-entry policies across fifty states and Washington, D.C. Researchers measured the number of months between the date of an ACIP recommendation and the effective dates for state policies that were in place through the 2023-24 school year. All fifty-one jurisdictions had school-entry requirement policies for Tdap vaccination, and thirty-six had school-entry requirements for MenACWY vaccination. The average period between ACIP's recommendations and state policy adoption was 4.94, 9.61, and 8.24 years for Tdap and for MenACWY first and booster doses, respectively. This analysis found diverse timelines and notable delays for both Tdap and MenACWY school-entry requirement policies. This heterogeneity and patchwork of state requirements underscores the need for ACIP to evaluate the role of these policies in reducing vaccine-preventable diseases across the United States.

Updated Research Publication Standards and Expectations for Successful Matching in Urology Residency Following Step 1 Scoring Changes.

To analyze the research productivity of 2024 urology residency applicants and its impact on match outcomes following the transition of the Step 1 exam to a Pass/Fail scoring system. We conducted a retrospective review of PubMed-indexed publications for 98 applicants matched to the top 25 urology residency programs, as ranked by Doximity. Metrics such as the number of publications, citations, journal impact factors, and authorship rank were analyzed. Statistical comparisons of publication rates between top-ranked and lower-ranked programs were made using independent samples t-tests. The average number of publications per applicant was 5.95, with those entering top-ranked programs exhibiting higher research outputs. Most publications were found in journals like "Urology" and "Urology Practice." A significant portion of the research was published in the final year of medical school, indicating a push for paper acceptances prior to the urology application deadline date. The increase in research output among applicants reflects the shifting weights of factors important for residency competitiveness following the Step 1 Pass/Fail scoring changes. Early engagement and mentorship in research have been shown to increase the research output of students. The findings of this study clarify the research expectations of matching successfully into a top urology program and can be used by both medical students and program directors in the current and upcoming cycles.

COMPLEMENTARY LEARNING RESOURCES IN GRADE 8 MATHEMATICS

In a spiral progression curriculum, all learning competencies at every grade level must be completely covered within a school year. Hence, all competencies at every grade level must be completely covered within a school year. This study aims to develop complementary learning resources (CLeaR) in Grade 8 Mathematics, a learning material intended for the uncovered learning competencies. The 4D development model was utilized in the study. The respondents were teachers and experts. The data were obtained using unstructured interviews and DepEd LRMDS standards for Print Resources which was modified to include other factors. The study found that the CLeaR: (a) comprises 12 self-directed worksheets intended for the 12 uncovered learning competencies; (b) has two main features designed to serve its purpose; and (c) passed all the standards for print resources and other factors. It can be concluded that the main purpose of developing the CLeaR is for the learners to acquire all the competencies in Grade 8 Mathematics. Teachers are encouraged to use the CLeaR to achieve this goal. Doing so would at the same time test the effectiveness of the developed learning resource and other necessary features may be introduced or added.

Beyond (Ethno)linguistic Determinism: Diverse Approaches to Nationalism in Habsburg-Austrian Schools

Abstract Research on the nexus between education and nationalism in the Habsburg Empire has often focused on the role that language may have played in top-down nationalization processes and the popular dissemination of national thought. According to contemporary nationalist logic, undergoing education in a certain language of instruction also entailed the internalization of nationalist values inherent to its corresponding nationalist movement. The present article argues that the Habsburg educational experience was much more contingent, and draws attention to the diversity of pedagogical approaches towards nationalism and nationality that could be encountered in Austrian schools during the last five decades of Habsburg rule. By using examples from German- and Slovene-language textbooks, it shows that sociopolitical, temporal, as well as institutional factors played an important role in determining the practical values and attitudes towards the nationalism that students encountered during their school years. With systematic empirical studies remaining rare, further research will be necessary to gain a fuller insight into the complexities of the Habsburg education system and its potential effects on popular collective identity formation.

Impact of School-Based Feeding Program on Pupils Reading Performance in San Gabriel Elementary School

This study examines the impact of a school feeding program on the reading skills of Grade IV pupils. The research hypothesizes that a well-structured and effectively implemented feeding program can enhance pupils' reading performance. Specifically, the study aims to determine how the school feeding program influences the reading performance of Grade IV pupils at San Gabriel Elementary School during the 2022-2023 school year. The study sougth to address several key questions: What is the socio-demographic profile of the pupils (age, sex, parents’ education, family income, and BMI)? What is the impact level of the school feeding program in terms of physical facilities, fund management, paraphernalia, and food preparation? What is the reading performance of the pupils? Is there a significant relationship between the pupils’ socio-demographic profile and the effectiveness of the school feeding program? Lastly, is there a significant relationship between the feeding program’s impact and reading performance? The research employs a descriptive-correlational design and involves 32 Grade IV pupils from San Gabriel Elementary School, selected through purposive sampling. Data collection instruments included a modified pupil profile survey and a school feeding program assessment, with responses measured using a 5-point Likert scale. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Biserial Correlation, and Pearson r. Findings reveal that the pupils, all aged 9, consist of an equal number of boys and girls. Most parents had completed high school, and family incomes were typically below 9,000 pesos. Pupils generally had a normal BMI. The school feeding program was found to have an outstanding impact on both nutritional support and reading performance, with a significant correlation between program management and pupils' reading improvement. A significant relationship was also found between the socio-demographic profile and program effectiveness.

KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA NYARING TEKS CERITA BUGIS SISWA KELAS V SDN 85 WANUA BARU KABUPATEN MAROS

This research is a descriptive quantitative study that aims to describe the ability to read aloud Bugis story texts of fifth grade students of SDN 85 Wanua Baru, Maros Regency. The population of this study were all fifth grade students of SDN 85 Wanua Baru, Maros Regency in the 2023/2024 school year, totaling 15 students. The withdrawal of samples in this study was carried out by means of total sampling because the population was less than one hundred. The data collection techniques used in this study were oral test techniques and recording techniques. The data obtained were analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis. There are four aspects of assessment used in this study, namely aspects of fluency, aspects of the use of intonation, aspects of pronunciation, and aspects of voice volume. Based on the results of the data analysis obtained, it shows that the ability to read aloud Bugis story text of fifth grade students of SDN 85 Wanua Baru Maros Regency, namely (1) the fluency aspect of students who scored above 70, namely 10 people with a percentage of 60% declared unable, (2) the aspect of using intonation of students who scored above 70, namely 8 people with a percentage of 53% declared unable, (3) the aspect of pronunciation of students who scored above 70, namely 3 people with a percentage of 20% declared unable, and (4) the aspect of voice volume of students who scored above 70, namely 12 people with a percentage of 80% declared able

Career Track and Course Preference of Freshmen Students of MSU Main Campus: Its Influence to Student Monitoring System

The noteworthy development in the Philippine Education system making Filipinos ready for the 21st century skills is the emergence of K-12 Program. It made students nowadays essentially set to select a specialization as early as in their senior high school. This study was undertaken to determine the factors that influenced the choice of career track as well as college course preference and examine its level of influence to student monitoring system. Three hundred thirty-seven (337) freshmen students who belonged to the pioneering K-12 graduates enrolled during the first semester of school year 2018-2019 participated in the study, which made use of cross-sectional survey research design using quantitative - descriptive approach in its data interpretation. Results implied that a typical freshman student is female, nineteen (19) years of age coming from a family earning below Php10, 000 per month. This student came from the Academic Track particularly in the Accountancy and Business Management (ABM) strand. This was inspired by their own personal choice and subsequently pursued a college course in line with it. This highly influenced the school monitoring in terms of student retention in the program and program completion on time while it moderately influenced on the Scholarship maintenance.

Application of Jerome Bruner's Learning Theory in Learning Mathematics in Elementary School

The purpose of this study is to characterize how Bruner's Theory of Mathematics Learning is implemented in the 2023–2024 school year at the Tega Green School of Papua, located in the Wolo District of the Jayawijaya Regence, Papua Pegunungan Province. The success and challenges of applying Bruner's theory to learning are another objective of this study. Applying Bruner's Theory will make learning more dynamic, efficient, and proficient. The use of Bruner theory to first-grade mathematics instruction at Tega Green School in Papua has piqued the curiosity of researchers. This study is a qualitative descriptive study. The subject or object in the school is the focus of the researcher's investigation. The researcher uses documentation, observation, and interviews to discuss the data. The findings of this study indicate that teachers can apply Bruner's theory, which identifies three shapes—enactive, iconic, and symbolic—in the classroom. This approach is only effective for a year. As a result, teachers may help kids become more creative and increase their comprehension and counting skills

Development of electronic students’ worksheets based on problem-based learning on air pollution material

This research is development research with the aim to produce teaching material products in the form of PBL-based electronic student worksheets on air pollution sub-materials that will be used during the learning process, so that students can be more active and independent. This type of research is development research using the ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation), but this research is limited to the development stage. This research was conducted at State Senior High Schools in Palembang in the 2023/2024 school year. The sample in this study was class X students totaling 12 people. Sampling in this study using purposive sampling technique. electronic student worksheets are designed using the Canva and liveworksheets applications; after completing the design of electronic student worksheets, they are assessed by material and media validators using an instrument in the form of a validation questionnaire. After the electronic student worksheet is declared valid, the electronic student worksheet is applied to students in a small group trial. Based on the validation results with the Kappa calculation, the electronic student worksheets were declared valid with a Kappa value of 1. Electronic student worksheets also fall into the very practical category based on the teacher's practicality questionnaire which obtained a percentage of 100%, while the students' practicality questionnaire obtained an average percentage of 90.68%. Based on the results of the validation and practicality questionnaires of teachers and students, it can be concluded that PBL-based electronic student worksheets are valid and feasible to use during the learning process on air pollution sub-materials.

Supporting Young Children’s Self-Regulation Through Nature-Based Practices in Preschool

Self-regulation is a crucial skill in early childhood, due to its influence on school readiness and success, as well as its foundational role in promoting wellbeing across the lifespan. Additionally, self-regulation is malleable, particularly during early childhood. This study investigated the impact of nature-based practices on preschoolers’ self-regulation. The Preschool Self-Regulation Assessment (PSRA) and PSRA Assessor Report were administered to 115 children from nine preschool programs at the beginning and end of the school year. While further research is needed, results suggest the potential for nature-based practices to support SR, in particular hot executive function, and particularly in children from lower socio-economic backgrounds in public preschool. This study contributes to the literature regarding effective practices for supporting self-regulation development in young children and adds to the growing body of research surrounding the impact of nature play on child development and school readiness.

Explicit Instruction in Teaching General Mathematics and the Application of Concrete – Pictorial-Abstract Approach

This study determined the performance of grade 11 senior high school students using explicit instruction in teaching General Mathematics and the application of concrete – pictorial-abstract approach during the school year 2022-2023. The study utilized the quasi-experimental research design employing pretest and posttest in general mathematics during the second grading period. The participants of this study were 45 Grade 11 students of ICT B and 42 students of ICT C under TVL – Strand. Purposive sampling technique was utilized in determining the samples of the study. The findings revealed that Grade 11 students had very poor performance in general mathematics, but that performance improved when the teachers gave explicit instructions and employed the concrete-pictorial-abstract approach. Grade 11 students in the control and experimental groups increased their mean gain scores, which proved that explicit instructions and application of the concrete-pictorial-abstract approach were effective in teaching General Mathematics. It is highly recommended that teachers are advised to apply their learnings in teaching General Mathematics to Grade 11 senior high school students using explicit instruction and a concrete-pictorial-abstract approach in order to demonstrate a commitment to improving existing practices and ultimately enhancing the learning outcomes of the students.

Telehealth in a Pediatric Patient with Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome

During COVID19, telemedicine was adapted by many practices to serve patients with a variety of health conditions including those affected by cancer. Here we report an 11-year-old patient who went to her dentist where a routine panorama x-ray showed multiple jaw keratocysts. Because jaw keratocysts can be identified with a hereditary predisposition to basal cell cancer and other tumors, she was referred for genetics. She was seen in 2021 where telehealth was the primary modality for visits. The hospital’s secure video platform was used to gather medical history and counsel the mother on genetic testing for nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome(NBCCS). While in the past genetic testing was often thousands of dollars, the genetic testing company offered a patient pay option of $250. Two days later, the patient presented to the cancer center to have her blood drawn and a fifteen-minute physical exam was performed which identified macrocephaly, and palmar pits. Of note the mother asked about numerous pinpoint lesions around the patient’s ocular region. Genetic testing was positive for a pathogenic variant in PTCH1 c.454_455del. The patient was referred to pediatric dermatology where over fifty basal cells were diagnosed and started treatment with imiquimod and efudex. She also was referred to cardiology and gynecology given reports of individuals with cardiac fibromas and gynecologic ovarian tumors. The patient is now 14 going into her freshman year of high school and is doing well. This case highlights how telehealth offers a holistic approach to patient care.

ASSESSMENT OF ASEI-PDSI PEDAGOGICAL PARADIGM ON STUDENTS’ MATHEMATICS ATTITUDE AND ACHIEVEMENT IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS (JSS) IN FCT-ABUJA

The ASEI-PDSI pedagogical paradigm championed by SMASE – Nigeria Project in collaboration with Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) is designed towards improving the quality of Mathematics which has consistently declined over the years in public secondary schools across the nation. The study assessed the ASEI-PDSI pedagogical paradigm on students’ mathematics attitudes and achievement in Junior Secondary Schools (JSS) in Federal Capital Territory (FCT) – Abuja. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The study population comprised of all Mathematics teachers in the 161 Public JSS in FCT. 100 Mathematics teachers whom have implemented ASEI-PDSI pedagogical paradigm were selected from the six (6) Area councils of FCT using the proportionate stratified random sampling technique. A researcher made 4-points Likert type of questionnaire was used for data collection and had reliability coefficient of 0.83 determined using the Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient formula. Collected data was analysed using mean and standard deviation for research questions, while hypotheses were analysed using Chi-square (X2) and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The findings showed that, ASEI-PDSI pedagogical paradigm had a high positive influence on Junior Secondary Students’ Mathematics Attitude and Achievement but the influence was only statically significant on Attitude. The study established that ASEI-PDSI pedagogical paradigm is an appropriate teaching and learning strategy for delivery effective mathematics instruction in JSS in FCT. The study recommended among others; the need for JSS mathematics teachers in FCT implementing the ASEI - PDSI pedagogical paradigm to sustain it application and also for the stakeholders like FCT - Universal Basic Education Board to be encouraged to maintain regular in-service programme for JSS mathematics teachers as well as train those yet to be trained on the paradigm.

학부모 교육열의 종단적 변화 유형 탐색

This study aims to categorize the patterns of change in parents' educational enthusiasm and explore student- and parent-level predictors for each group. For this purpose, data from the 3rd to 8th waves of the Korean Education Longitudinal Study 2013 (KELS 2013) were analyzed, focusing on the parents of students who transitioned from middle school to high school. Using Growth Mixture Modeling(GMM), changes in parents' educational expectations and shadow education expenditures were examined. First, distinct subgroups of parents were identified in terms of educational enthusiasm. Changes in educational expectations were categorized into low expectation maintenance group, decreasing expectation group, and high expectation maintenance group, while changes in shadow education expenditures were classified as increasing expenditure group, medium expenditure maintenance group, and high expenditure maintenance group. Second, the predictors of educational enthusiasm included student gender, academic performance in the first year of middle school, parental education, occupational characteristics, and average monthly income. Based on these findings, this study recommends higher education policies that consider parental demands, the expansion of various public education services, and educational programs targeted at parents with low socioeconomic status.

BASIC EDUCATION: THE MOST CHALLENGING OF THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGs) IN NIGERIA

Basic or primary education is the foundation upon which all other levels of western education are built. It is considered basic as it is the first level of education a child receives before proceeding to the next level of education. In Nigeria, this type of education has been made a nine-year free and compulsory for all the school going age children with six years of primary and three years of junior secondary schools. Coincidently, it is the second goal of the Millennium Development Goals for development adopted by the United Nations in the year 2000. This paper examines the importance of basic education in achieving the Millennium Goals for development in Nigeria. The country has a robust and well-articulated policy on education but the major issue has been implementing the policy for desired progress in the education system. Problems such as indiscipline, inadequate access to schools, poor funding have been found to be affecting the provision of qualitative and accessible education in Nigeria. This is in addition to other internal and external challenges faced by the Ministries, Departments and Agencies responsible for the provision and monitoring of the system. The paper therefore recommends collective efforts by all stake holders in ensuring provision of quality education for all citizens through appropriate funding and effective supervision for achieved millennium goals for overall Nigeria’s development.

The Relationship Between School Climate and College and Career Readiness

The California College and Career Readiness measures are new to the California school accountability dashboard, and few studies have examined how these data connect to student outcomes. The purpose of this quantitative, correlational study was to determine the degree of relationship between school protective factors (i.e., caring relationships and meaningful participation), student internal assets (i.e., student academic motivation), and College and Career Readiness Indicator outcomes. The resilience youth development module (RYDM) framework served as the model to determine the degree of relationship among these variables. The sample for this study included comprehensive, public high schools across California, including only schools that administered the California Healthy Kids Survey in the 2019–2020 school year (n = 474). Public data files were accessed from the California Accountability Dashboard and California Healthy Kids Survey. The correlational coefficients were determined using multiple regression analysis. A positive correlation between school protective factors and student internal assets was shown after controlling for schoolwide socioeconomic status. Although both school protective factors and student internal assets significantly predicted College and Career Readiness Indicator outcomes, caring adult relationships were the only positively correlated variable after controlling for socioeconomic status. Further research is recommended to explain how students define caring adult relationships and how schools can enhance practices to cultivate those relationships across all student populations. Additionally, the researchers recommend future studies to assess how the change in college and career indicators over time could assess trends and garner more information about the school supports that positively impact proficiency.

The effectiveness of the project-based learning model assisted by audio visual media in writing opinion texts in vocational schools

Learning to write opinion texts is very required in the Vocational Curriculum However, students still have many difficulties in writing opinion texts. This research aims to overcome the problem of writing opinion texts in vocational schools through a Project Based Learning model assisted by audio-visual media. The object of the research was carried out at SMK Budi Tresna Muhamadiyah Cirebon grade XII. The research method, through experiments, tests the effectiveness of the Project Based Learning model in improving students' ability to write opinion article texts. The research instrument is in the form of a test to collect data on students' ability to write opinion article texts with the help of audio-visual media. The test data is in the form of text of opinion articles written by students both through prates and post-tests. The results showed that learning in the experimental class using the Project Based Learning model got a score of 1790 with an average score of 89.5 higher than the control class using the contextual model got a score of 1340 with an average score of 67. In addition, the results of significant tests that have been carried out by the experimental class (KE) > the control class (KK), H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, then the VAK Project Based Learning model is declared effective. Based on the calculation of the significance test results, a calculation of 3,515 was obtained at a significant level of 5% and a table of 1,687. This shows that H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected. Thus, applying the Project Based Learning model to write opinion article texts for grade XII students of SMK Budi Tresna Muhammadiyah Cirebon for the 2024/2025 school year is effective.

Application of the Teams Games Tournaments Learning Model Assisted by Documentary Films on National Awakening and Youth Pledge to Improve Student Learning Outcomes

The goal of this study was to apply the TGT (Teams Games Tournaments) learning model assisted by documentaries about national awakening and youth oaths to improve student learning outcomes. Classroom action research methods with cycle one and cycle two were used in the study. The research subjects included 33 class VII-F students (18 male students and 15 female students) and one Pancasila Education teacher at SMP Labschool Jakarta, even semester of the 2023/2024 school year. The research instrument is a test of student learning outcomes. The data analysis is based on the learning completeness criteria. In cycle one, the percentage of completeness of student learning outcomes was 36.36%. In the second cycle, the percentage of students was 81.81%. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that student learning outcomes increased after the application of the TGT (Teams Games Tournaments) learning model assisted by documentaries about national awakening and youth oaths. Further researchers can use the TGT model assisted by other media to improve student learning outcomes.

Education and women in high-skill occupations in India

Purpose This paper aims to examine women’s likelihood of being employed in a high-skill occupation compared to men in India. It also analyses the impact of education on women’s likelihood of entering a high-skill occupation. Design/methodology/approach This study uses data from Periodic Labour Force Survey 2018–19. National Classification of Occupations 2004 is used to classify the occupations in three categories, i.e. high-skill, medium-skill and low-skill. The paper uses ordered probit with Heckman’s sample selection method to estimate the impact of gender identity and education on women’s likelihood of entering high-skill occupations. Findings The results show that female workers are more likely to be employed in high-skill occupations than male workers. Formal years of schooling and technical education further improve women’s probability of working in high-skill occupations compared to men. However, an increase in monthly per capita expenditure of the households improves men’s chances of being employed in high-skill occupations in comparison to women. It suggests that gender norms are still relevant. Originality/value Studies have found occupational segregation in India with a large share of women being employed in low-wage work. This study examines the issue by focusing on the skill level of occupations. It found that women have a higher likelihood of entering high-skill occupations in India and education is playing an important role in it.

The Impact of Reciprocal Teaching Strategy on the Achievement of Fifth Grade Students in Arabic Reading in Erbil Governorate.

The goal of this study was to find out how the mutual teaching method affected the reading skills of fifth graders in Erbil Governorate. The experimental method used in the study was to look at how the independent variable affected the dependent variable by gathering data and using the right statistics analysis to get the results. The study population was all fifth-graders in Erbil Governorate who were learning reading in Arabic during the 2022–2023 school year. To make sure the study tool was valid and reliable statistically, an exploratory sample of 35 female students was chosen. The study sample was split into two groups: an experimental group with 33 students studying Arabic reading using the reciprocal teaching strategy and a control group with 33 students studying Arabic reading using traditional teaching methods. The study found that students in the experimental group got better at reading Arabic after receiving and giving lessons back and forth. This is a statistically significant result, which means that the students in the experimental group did better. As they used strategies that helped them understand what they were reading and became more aware of it, like the question the student asks, his explanations of words and structures they didn't understand, his guesses about what might happen in the text, his reading of the picture that went with the text, and his summary of the text he asked about and his predictions about what would happen in it. All of this makes him more aware of the texts.