Elementary School Years Research Articles

English in the early years of elementary school at public schools in Brazil: a study of two teacher's beliefs about the teacher and learning process

English in the early years of elementary school at public schools in Brazil: a study of two teacher's beliefs about the teacher and learning process

Teacher Perceptions of Past Classroom Behaviors Influence Adolescents’ Receptivity and Responsiveness to a Belonging Intervention

This study shows how receptivity and responsiveness can influence the efficacy of an intervention helping adolescents reappraise worry or uncertainty following the difficult transition to middle school. The intervention was implemented at-scale in a diverse sample of sixth-grade public school district students followed through eighth grade (N = 1,180; 41% Black or Latinx; 44% low socioeconomic status). Results suggest the intervention’s effects on grade point average are confined to a racially and socioeconomically diverse subgroup of adolescents who had high teacher evaluations of their classroom behaviors in kindergarten that declined over the early elementary school years (i.e., “Disengagers”). These findings suggest that adolescents’ past school experiences with educators may bound the extent to which interventions can promote success in school.

Cordel literature in two 8th grade public school textbooks: reflections on literary literacy

The present article has the general objective of conducting a comparative study between two Portuguese language textbooks for the 8th year of Elementary School – Final Years: “Singular e Plural: leitura, produção e estudos de linguagem”, by Balthasar and Goulart (2015) and “Tecendo Linguagens: Língua Portuguesa”, by Oliveira and Araújo (2018), used in municipal public schools in the city of Carpina-PE. Based on the assumptions of Literary Literacy developed by Cosson (2014), Marinho and Pinheiro (2012), the guidelines for the teaching of Portuguese language present in the PCN (BRASIL, 1997; 1998), the BNCC (BRASIL, 2018) and the Curriculum of Pernambuco (PERNAMBUCO, 2019), we analyze the data collected in order to reflect on the space of cordel in the textbook and its performance in the classroom. The methodology applied in this article is of qualitative approach with basic nature, explanatory objectives and bibliographic procedure. The results obtained demonstrate that cordel, even being present in the two selected textbooks, is not placed in a way that promotes literary literacy, being crucial the critical look of the teacher before the treatment given to cordel in the textbooks and its value for the formation of the student.

Growth and motor development for the teaching of physical education at school: An analysis in the early years of elementary education

The activities necessary for motor stimulation are developed at school through the execution of movements worked on in class in order to stimulate students in the development of motor skills. Thus, this research aims to analyze the level of motor development of students in the early years of elementary school using the TGMD-2 test as an instrument for assessing motor performance. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that large parts of the sample of evaluated students obtained an unsatisfactory level in fundamental motor skills, in which it can be observed that there is a large number of students who do not have adequate motor development for their age. These results are directly related to the current situation of children in Brazil regarding low motor competence.

The roots of reading for pleasure: Recollections of reading and current habits

AbstractChildren's early literacy experiences are critical, yet it remains unclear whether memories of early reading instruction continue to be associated with reading habits into adulthood. We examined the association between recollections of reading experiences and present‐day reading habits in an adult population. University students responded in writing to three open‐ended prompts asking about their memories of reading during early childhood, elementary school and high school. They also completed two questionnaires inquiring about reading enjoyment and frequency in elementary school and high school. For the concurrent measures of reading, participants described their current reading habits in an open‐ended prompt and completed an author recognition test. Results showed positive links between favourable memories of reading during elementary and high school years and present‐day reading habits. Conversely, unfavourable memories during high school were associated with unenthusiastic present‐day reading habits. We found that reading instruction in school forms long‐lasting memories, and these memories are linked in meaningful ways with print exposure during adulthood.

Deep Learning and Procrustes Analysis for Early Dysgraphia Risk Detection with a Tablet Application.

Dysgraphia is a neurodevelopmental disorder specific to handwriting. Classical diagnosis is based on the evaluation of speed and quality of the final handwritten text: it is therefore delayed as it is conducted only when handwriting is mastered, in addition to being highly language-dependent and not always easily accessible. This work presents a solution able to anticipate dysgraphia screening when handwriting has not been learned yet, in order to prevent negative consequences on the individuals' academic and daily life. To quantitatively measure handwriting-related characteristics and monitor their evolution over time, we leveraged the Play-Draw-Write iPad application to collect data produced by children from the last year of kindergarten through the second year of elementary school. We developed a meta-model based on deep learning techniques (ensemble techniques and Quasi-SVM) which receives as input raw signals collected after a processing phase based on dimensionality reduction techniques (autoencoder and Time2Vec) and mathematical tools for high-level feature extraction (Procrustes Analysis). The final dysgraphia classifier can identify "at-risk" children with 84.62% Accuracy and 100% Precision more than two years earlier than current diagnostic techniques.

Inclusive and Age-Appropriate Timing of Sexual Health Discussions at Home According to Gay, Bisexual, and Queer Adolescent Males

PurposeThe exclusion of gay, bisexual, and queer (GBQ) adolescent males' specific sexuality concerns in standard classroom education heightens the need for parents to be primary sources of trusted sexual health information. The aim of this study was to collect GBQ adolescent males' suggestions for a comprehensive list and age-appropriateness of topics that parents may use for inclusive discussions at home throughout the elementary, middle school, and high school years. MethodsSemistructured interviews and card sorts of 48 topics were conducted with a sample of 30 racial and ethnic diverse GBQ adolescents in central North Carolina. Thematic analysis of the interview transcripts and a calculation of card sort responses followed. ResultsTopics chosen for elementary-age GBQ youth were focused on core issues about human anatomy, safety, and the continuum of sexual orientations and gender identities. Participants designated the majority of topics for home-based discussions in middle school and emphasized considerations for engaging in sex, relating with others socially, options for HIV/STI risk reduction, issues around interpersonal safety, and pleasure. They reserved topics for high school focused on complex sociorelational issues and technology-based concerns. DiscussionParticipants' varied rationale for timing of topics centered on the age-appropriateness and level of details that they deemed acceptable for discussions with parents. To address disproportionate negative sexual and mental health outcomes noted in this youth subgroup, parents should focus on being supportive by providing factual and sequential information crucial for their GBQ childrens' anticipated developmental needs and sexual identity milestones.

Enhancing Learning Motivation in Elementary Schools: The Impact and Role of Rewards

Motivation is the cornerstone of effective learning, and its cultivation begins in the elementary school years. This research delves into the relationship between rewards and students' learning motivation in elementary schools, offering valuable insights for educators, administrators, and policymakers. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study combines quantitative surveys, qualitative interviews, and classroom observations to provide a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics at play. The research uncovers a significant positive correlation between the frequency of receiving rewards and students' academic performance, underlining the effectiveness of rewards as extrinsic motivators. However, the qualitative data reveals a more profound layer of motivation, with rewards serving as catalysts for the development of intrinsic motivation. Students describe rewards as initial sparks that gradually transition them from extrinsic to intrinsic motivation, fostering a genuine love for learning. Personalization emerges as a key factor in motivation, as tailoring rewards to individual students' interests and needs enhances long-term motivation. The positive classroom atmosphere observed in reward-rich environments contributes to engagement, enthusiasm, and overall motivation. The study provides practical implications for educators, administrators, and policymakers. It emphasizes the strategic use of rewards to motivate students, create a positive learning environment, and transition students towards intrinsic motivation. This research offers a bridge between theory and practice, empowering stakeholders to enhance the educational experience, ultimately guiding students to become lifelong learners with a passion for knowledge acquisition.

PATHS TAKEN FOR MATHEMATICAL ARGUMENTATION IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND USE OF MATHEMATICAL POEMS

Literary writing is the democratic form of inclusion and development of student aptitude, in which everyone can participate, it is a challenging and stimulating pedagogical activity, in addition to enhancing the development of skills and competencies for meaningful and reflective learning with Mathematics . The school is a space for this “habit-forming force, as it provides those who are directly or indirectly subjected to its influence, not so much particular and particularized thought schemes, but a general disposition that generates particular schemes capable of being applied in different contexts”. different fields of thought and action which can be called cultivated habutus”. (Bourdieu, 2005, p.211). The objective of the article is to present reports of experience of encouraging literary writing with Mathematics with students of the 9th year of Elementary School, stimulating in them the taste for reading and writing with the culture of reading more and writing better, turning to the Mathematics area. The present research also reflects on the importance of the creative didactic transposition of Mathematics contents in the school environment and emphasizes the need for teachers to be equipped to build this knowledge in an innovative and integrated way to the students’ daily lives. in a private teaching unit in Nossa Senhora da Glória, Sergipe, specifically with 9th grade students. The applied methodology is Brainstorming. This technique consists of showing that the student can create a list of ideas on a topic, pointing out everything they can think of on a given topic or subject, transporting it to the types of literary genres: poetry, short stories, chronicles, associating these categories for the universe of Mathematics such as: numbers, geometry, magnitudes and measurements, algebra and statistics. Using mathematical concepts and language for the formulation and writing of texts. Thus contributing for the student to think, do differently, lead to the fantastic world of mathematical knowledge.

EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCES

The work entitled THE IMPORTANCE OF ROUTINE UNDER THE PERSPECTIVE OF LITERACY in the first stages of basic education: early childhood education and early years of elementary school I. E is a research based on the postulates of the sociointeractionist educator Vygotsky, in the National Curriculum Reference for Early Childhood Education (RCNEI) and the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC). The methodology is centered on a bibliographic research with a field trip and which refers to participant observation. The objective is to show such importance of the routine for literacy, this teaching methodology reaches the cognitive, affective and social dimensions that are important for the child to learn.

Fluency and reading comprehension as a performance indicator in the 3rd year of elementary school.

to verify whether fluency and reading comprehension vary throughout the third year of elementary school and can be used as performance indicators in reading. this is a prospective longitudinal study. 53 children participated in the study, regardless of gender. Four assessments were carried out throughout the year, using the LEPIC software to record the reading made by the children, recording reading errors, as well as the answers to questions regarding comprehension. there was an evolution of reading fluency and literal comprehension throughout the tests, but not in inferential comprehension. reading fluency and literal comprehension are good performance indicators in the third year of elementary school.

A fluência e compreensão leitora como indicador de desempenho no 3o ano do Ensino Fundamental

ABSTRACT Purpose to verify whether fluency and reading comprehension vary throughout the third year of elementary school and can be used as performance indicators in reading. Methods this is a prospective longitudinal study. 53 children participated in the study, regardless of gender. Four assessments were carried out throughout the year, using the LEPIC software to record the reading made by the children, recording reading errors, as well as the answers to questions regarding comprehension. Results there was an evolution of reading fluency and literal comprehension throughout the tests, but not in inferential comprehension. Conclusion reading fluency and literal comprehension are good performance indicators in the third year of elementary school.

The role of children's literature in the development of the reading child: theoretical and practical analysis

Children's literature is a cultural product with a multimodal character, therefore, it tends to be attractive and creates different possibilities of being read and understood. Reflecting on this, we take as a guiding question for this study: does children's literature enhance the formation of readers? From this questioning, we aim to investigate how teachers understand the influence of the use of children's literature books on the development of reading children. To better understand the relationship between children's literature and the constitution of readers, we propose a dialogue between theory and practice, through a qualitative research, through a questionnaire applied to teachers who work in the early years of Elementary School and bibliographic research, whose main authors were Coelho (2000), Gregorin Filho (2015) and Soares (2021). As a result, we realize that children's literature plays an important role in encouraging reading, consequently, it contributes significantly to the literacy and development of reading children, for that, it is necessary a pedagogical action that contemplates and makes good use of literature for children, which culminates in a need to increase the initial and continuing training of teachers regarding the literacy and literacy process in the early years of Elementary School

A cultura na Educação Infantil: breves reflexões sobre um campo de disputa de concepções

This article is the result of bibliographic research conducted during the specialization course in Early Childhood Education at the Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins, Tocantinópolis Center, whose goal was to reflect on the insertion of the culture of writing in early childhood education. The study was justified by the need for theoretical support on the process of insertion of the culture of writing, especially in the lives of children in the early stages of schooling. The theme in question is necessary and relevant for all those involved in education, especially educators who work with children aged 4, 5, and 6, in early childhood education and in the early years of elementary school, since it enables the understanding of fundamental concepts for the insertion of the child in this culture. The results obtained in the research consider that children's learning, development, and knowledge related to writing in Early Childhood Education must be understood and carried out as a process, in constant evolution. More than ever, it is necessary to overcome the conception of a ready-made, finished, only transmitted knowledge, and to establish the commitment to form people who are competent for life, able to solve problems; that is, to understand, to intervene, to transform, to modify, to respect, to seek and to act in reality, by means of their potentialities and countless languages.

Critical and creative thinking in probability teaching in the early years of elementary school

Resumo Objetiva-se trazer uma discussão acerca dos desafios e possibilidades que perpassam o desenvolvimento dos pensamentos crítico e criativo quando se trabalha probabilidade nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental. Com uma abordagem qualitativa, analisou-se, por meio da análise de conteúdo, o livro didático e os protocolos produzidos pelos alunos ao realizarem as atividades propostas e discutirem-nas durante momentos de interação em aulas remotas. Buscou-se compreender como o livro didático tratou o ensino de probabilidade, observando em que nível se adequou à BNCC quanto à abordagem metodológica (possibilitando a atividade heurística do aluno e emersão de seus conhecimentos prévios) e quanto à potencialidade de desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico e criativo. Analisou-se, também, as soluções dos alunos às atividades propostas, com vistas a averiguar indícios de possibilidades de desenvolvimento dessas formas de pensamento. Os resultados indicam como desafios romper com práticas de ensino que apresentem conceitos sem recorrer à atividade heurística e conhecimentos prévios dos alunos, priorizar que experienciem colocar em atividade o pensamento probabilístico e permitir que deixem emergir criatividade e criticidade. Por outro lado, emergiram possibilidades no que diz respeito ao como articular as diretrizes defendidas na BNCC, na medida em que, ao realizarem a sequência didática proposta, nota-se que os alunos tiveram a oportunidade de desenvolver conhecimentos probabilísticos e exercitar os pensamentos crítico e criativo. Conclui-se que os documentos oficiais e pesquisas têm se esforçado para implementar melhorias na educação, porém, os professores precisam se apropriar dessas mudanças em suas atividades de sala de aula.

A motivação para aprender na adolescência e o ensino remoto emergencial

ABSTRACT Purpose this study aims to analyze the association between motivation to learn and adaptation to the ERT of students in the 9th year of Elementary School and 1st, 2nd and 3rd years of High School in a privately funded institution. Methods this is an observational, analytical and cross-sectional study, in which 68 adolescents participated, authorized by their parents, who answered three questionnaires through the Google Forms platform, namely: Questionnaire for the Characterization of Participants; Learning Motivation Scale (EMAPRE) and Remote Learning Adaptation Questionnaire. Results the association analysis showed that students with high motivation felt better adapted to the ERT. In addition, it showed that girls with low motivation were more inclined to avoid negative situations than boys. Conclusion it was concluded that intrinsic motivation may have influenced the adaptation to ERT and that girls may have been motivated to avoid school failure in a way that didn’t harm their personal emotional issues.

Early care and education.

This chapter briefly reviews the history of early care and education (ECE) in the United States, the ECE conceptual frameworks, how ECE is organized, who uses ECE, and associations between ECE experiences and child outcomes. Nonparent care is now experienced by most children in the United States, with home-based care most common for infants and toddlers and center-based care for preschoolers. ECE settings that involve frequent and responsive teacher-child interactions and access to age-appropriate activities appear to promote children's cognitive and social development, although those associations tend to be quite modest. Publicly funded programs like Head Start and pre-kindergarten programs tend to serve children from low-income families, and are successful in promoting school readiness skills, especially early academic skills. However, the impacts of today's programs largely disappear in the first years of elementary school, and even flipped from being positive to negative in the methodologically most rigorous studies. Explanations for this fadeout are explored.

O ESPAÇO FORMATIVO COMPARTILHADO: PERSPECTIVAS PARA A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES

Abstract This work, which is the result of a doctoral thesis, aims to understand how a shared training space can promote changes in the quality of teaching actions. For this, we constituted a training space shared with a teacher, in a state school, located in a peripheral neighborhood, to organize the teaching of natural sciences for the initial years of elementary school. The results pointed to actions guided by intentional and conscious objectives, carried out in a dynamic unit and in a shared way, as triggering learning and new actions for the teaching activity. The constitution of shared spaces, organized in this perspective, enables the psychic development of teachers and changes in the quality of teaching.

Understanding Teachers’, School Principals, and Early Childhood Education Experts’ Perception of O-Class Program for Children’s School Readiness: A Qualitative Study

Only one in five children in the low-income country have access to pre-primary schooling. The greatest benefits would come from early childhood education programs for those who are least likely to participate in them (UNICEF, 2018). This study aimed to explore teachers’, school principals, and early childhood education experts’ perceptions of O-class programs for children’s school readiness. A phenomenological research design under a qualitative approach was used. Participants included 16 O-class principals (6 male and 10), 10 teachers (2 male and 8 female), and 5 ECE experts (all male). The researchers measured teachers’ perceptions towards culturally responsive and locally available resources in the O-class through interviews and school principals and ECE experts perceived the success and challenges of the O-class program for children’s school readiness through focus group discussions. From the analysis, eight themes emerged. Our data demonstrate that the O-class program increases parental and child attendance, benefiting children’s school readiness. This implies that children from disadvantaged backgrounds, who are still less likely to have taken part in the O-class program, do not have the same opportunity to advance in the first few years of elementary school. Overall, children’s school readiness is impacted by resource limitations, background differences, and learning difficulties. Finally, based on the main findings, conclusion, areas for additional study, and implications for policy and practice were suggested.

The impacts of the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) on the work of Science teachers in the final years of Elementary School

Resumo Este artigo versa sobre a chegada da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) e seus impactos no trabalho de professores de ciências. A Teoria Fundamentada foi utilizada como metodologia da pesquisa, que consiste em uma forma de pesquisa qualitativa maleável e, ao mesmo tempo, rigorosa, e objetiva responder problemas complexos, propondo teorias explicativas sobre a realidade estudada. Por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com professores de ciências de uma cidade brasileira, foi angariado um conjunto de dados, os quais, por meio de consecutivas codificações, serviram de base para a seguinte teoria substantiva: a BNCC traz mudanças de alto espectro à educação básica e, diante disso, os professores de ciências identificam uma ampliação dos conteúdos a serem trabalhados, trazendo novas exigências para os alunos, levando a modificações no trabalho dos professores, movimento que contrasta com a formação atual destes, gerando lacunas de formação.