Years Of Disease Research Articles

Atloido-Axoid Dislocation in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory rheumatism, with a prevalence of up to one percent worldwide. Indeed, the classical presentation of the disease is generally a bilateral and symmetrical polyarticular involvement affecting small joints of the hand as well as the forefoot. Spinal involvement could be observed in RA, particularly after an average of 10 years of disease duration. It is a common event with a prevalence of 14–88%. This involvement is the third most frequent after that of hands and feet; however it is a very unusual form of RA presentation. Atlantoaxial subluxations dominates damage of the upper cervical spine, mainly related to the C1–C2 pannus and the rupture of the transverse ligament. Silent forms are common, but the clinical resentation is very polymorphic and can range from neck pain neglected by the patient to spinal cord compression.

Prevalence and incidence of uveitis in patients with spondyloarthritis: the impact of the biologics era. Data from International ASAS-COMOSPA Study.

Uveitis is a common extra-musculoskeletal manifestation in Spondyloarthritis (SpA). The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of uveitis in SpA patients, its association with geographical areas and to determine whether its incidence was different before and after the biological era. ASAS-COMOSPA is a retrospective study that includes patients fulfilling ASAS SpA classification criteria from 22 countries. The overall prevalence of uveitis was calculated, and factors associated with the onset of a first episode of uveitis were evaluated using a Cox regression. A Log-Rank test was performed to compare the new onset of uveitis in the no biological era (SpA onset before 2000) vs biological era (SpA onset after 2000). 3984 patients were included. The likelihood of presenting a first uveitis episode increased over time, from a prevalence of 10.5% (95%CI 9.5%-11.4%) at the time of the SpA diagnosis to 46.6% (41.6%-51.5%) after 30 years since the SpA diagnosis. HLA-B27 positivity, family history of uveitis, peripheral enthesitis and IBD were associated with higher risk of uveitis. Patients with SpA disease onset after year 2000 showed a lower prevalence of uveitis compared with disease onset before year 2000 (8.2% vs 25.5%, p< 0.01), as well as a lower incidence (2.8 per 100 PY vs 6.1 per 100 PY, respectively). In our study the risk of having suffered from at least one episode of uveitis ranged from 10% at the time of the diagnosis of axSpA to 47% after 30 years of disease duration. Patients with disease onset after biologic therapy introduction showed a significantly lower prevalence and incidence of first episodes of uveitis.

B-332 Use of urinary volatile organic compounds in monitoring prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy

Abstract Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed non-cutaneous cancer among males and the second cause of cancer-related deaths. PCa treatment involves different methods, and most common is radical prostatectomy (RP), which entails removal of prostate-gland from men who have been diagnosed with PCa. Prostatic-specific-antigen (PSA) has been used for detection of recurrent disease for years. After its introduction as biochemical recurrence (BCR) marker, men with distinct diseases were treated similarly. Overtime, it has been observed that PSA relapse presents several meanings according to clinicopathological features, like Gleason score, PSA-doubling-time, clinical stage, surgical margin status. Despite this, PSA remains main tool to assess disease progression after RP. RP remains primary treatment for localized PCa and has been performed for years with excellent oncologic control. However, approximately 20-40% of patients with clinically localized PCa will present biochemical-recurrence (BCR) after RP, while some with recurrent-metastasis. The study aims to investigate potential volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with men who have undergone RP but still abhor the disease. Methods Urine samples were collected from 110 male adults with biopsy-proven PCa-positive results before and after RP. VOCs in urine were extracted by stir-bar-sorptive-extraction and analyzed using thermal-desorption with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Metabolomics and machine-learning tools used to develop and evaluate models for PCa diagnosis before and after RP. Results PLS-DA and VIP loading plots identified potential VOC panels that could be used to differentiate PCa patients before and after RP and those with BCR and recurrent metastasis. Furthermore, logistic-regression results with validation provide a promising diagnostic model for PCa diagnosis after RP. Conclusions This novel method using urinary VOCs was developed to fill gaps in PCa monitoring after RP. These research findings could aid and fast-track the provision of rapid point of care to the treated PCa patients who still abhor the disease.

Transition readiness assessment in Portuguese adolescents and young adults with pediatric-onset rheumatic diseases: a single-center study.

In this study, we aimed to assess the transition readiness levels amongst patients with childhood-onset rheumatic diseases. Additionally, we sought to identify and analyze predictive factors associated with better transition readiness skills in adolescent and young adult (AYAs) patients. This is a monocentric cross-sectional study that includes patients between 14 and 26 years of age who attended outpatient pediatric and young adult rheumatology appointments between October and December of 2023 and that were diagnosed with an immune-mediated rheumatic disease before reaching 18 years of age, with at least 1 year of disease duration. Patients were presented with a questionnaire that contained demographic and clinical questions, TRACS (Questionário de Preparação da Transição para a Autonomia nos Cuidados de Saúde) questionnaire - a validated Portuguese version of the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire. Data was analyzed to assess the significant associations between the different variables and transition readiness outcome measured by the TRACS. Descriptive statistics, statistical comparisons and logistic regression analysis were performed. A total of 69 patients with a median age of 20 [17.5-22.5] were included in this study. The median TRACS score was 4.41 [4.09-4.74]. Significantly higher TRACS scores were observed in patients who were female, 18 years of age or older, had a higher level of education, were employed, had active disease or that belonged to middle-class (when compared to patients belonging to upper- middle class). The logistic regression analysis demonstrated that being a female or having an educational status equal to 12th grade or superior emerged as predictors of higher transition readiness levels. Our study identified female sex and higher level of education as predictors of increased transition readiness levels. Therefore, healthcare providers should consider these variables when assessing patients for transition readiness and focus on improving transition process, especially in male and less educated AYAs.

Long-Term Dementia Risk in Parkinson Disease.

It is widely cited that dementia occurs in up to 80% of patients with Parkinson disease (PD), but studies reporting such high rates were published over two decades ago, had relatively small samples, and had other limitations. We aimed to determine long-term dementia risk in PD using data from two large, ongoing, prospective, observational studies. Participants from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI), a multisite international study, and a long-standing PD research cohort at the University of Pennsylvania (Penn), a single site study at a tertiary movement disorders center, were recruited. PPMI enrolled de novo, untreated PD participants and Penn a convenience cohort from a large clinical center. For PPMI, a cognitive battery is administered annually, and a site investigator makes a cognitive diagnosis. At Penn, a comprehensive cognitive battery is administered either annually or biennially, and a cognitive diagnosis is made by expert consensus. Interval-censored survival curves were fit for time from PD diagnosis to stable dementia diagnosis for each cohort, using cognitive diagnosis of dementia as the primary end point and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score <21 and Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part I cognition score ≥3 as secondary end points for PPMI. In addition, estimated dementia probability by PD disease duration was tabulated for each study and end point. For the PPMI cohort, 417 participants with PD (mean age 61.6 years, 65% male) were followed, with an estimated probability of dementia at year 10 disease duration of 9% (site investigator diagnosis), 15% (MoCA), or 12% (MDS-UPDRS Part I cognition). For the Penn cohort, 389 participants with PD (mean age 69.3 years, 67% male) were followed, with 184 participants (47% of cohort) eventually diagnosed with dementia. The interval-censored curve for the Penn cohort had a median time to dementia of 15 years (95% CI 13-15); the estimated probability of dementia was 27% at 10 years of disease duration, 50% at 15 years, and 74% at 20 years. Results from two large, prospective studies suggest that dementia in PD occurs less frequently, or later in the disease course, than previous research studies have reported.

Investigation of Oxidative Stress Parameters and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in a Neuropathy Model Created with Taraxacum Officinale L. Leaf Extract and Cisplatin

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Taraxacum officinale leaf extract, a plant known for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity. Cancer treatment has demonstrated platinum drugs, particularly cisplatin, as among the most effective treatments. However, the drug comes with serious side effects. The use of cisplatin is limited due to its cytotoxic effects, potentially preventing patients from benefiting optimally from anticancer agents. Taraxacum officinale has been used for various diseases for years, observed clinically in conditions such as dyspepsia, liver, gallbladder, and urinary disorders. Nowadays, Taraxacum officinale has entered our lives in various forms as a dietary supplement. However, this plant possesses many bioactivities, particularly potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties.In this study, chronic cisplatin administration was used to induce a peripheral neuropathy model, administered intraperitoneally (i.p) once a week for 5 weeks at a dose of 3 mg/kg. Taraxacum officinale leaf extract was administered intragastrically once daily at a dose of 500mg/kg for the same duration to determine its potential effects on cisplatin neuropathy. After drug administration, motor performance was evaluated using the rotarod test, while sensory transmission status was assessed using tail withdrawal and hot/cold plate tests. Oxidative stress parameters and proinflammatory cytokine markers were analyzed biochemically. In animals exposed to cisplatin, thermal hypoalgesia and cold hypoalgesia were observed (p&amp;lt;0.001), motor coordination balance was prolonged with the rotarod test (p&amp;lt;0.001), and tail withdrawal time was extended (p&amp;lt;0.001). Biochemically, oxidative stress parameters TOS (p&amp;lt;0.05), OSI (p&amp;lt;0.05), and MDA (p&amp;lt;0.05) levels significantly increased compared to the cisplatin control group. TAS levels provided a statistically significant increase compared to the cisplatin-administered group (p&amp;lt;0.05). Proinflammatory cytokine markers TNF-α (p&amp;lt;0.05), IL-6 (p&amp;lt;0.001), and NFKB (p&amp;lt;0.05) levels were found to be higher compared to the cisplatin control group. It was determined that Taraxacum officinale improved these side effects induced by cisplatin both behaviorally and biochemically. In conclusion, Taraxacum officinale leaf extract is a plant with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

Autoantibodies and damage in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: A longitudinal multicenter study from the MYONET international network

ObjectiveTo study the trajectories of changes in damage over time and explore associations with autoantibody defined subgroups using a large international cohort of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). MethodsData from the MYONET registry, including patients who were tested for autoantibodies and had at least one assessment of damage using the Myositis Damage Index (MDI), were analyzed. Patients were sub-grouped according to their autoantibody profiles (myositis-specific, myositis-associated, or seronegative). The index date was defined as the time point for the first registered MDI assessment. The longitudinal trajectories of damage with autoantibody status as the main predictor were analyzed using linear mixed models. ResultsA total of 757 adult patients were included in this study. Each year of disease duration since diagnosis had an estimated MDI score increase of 0.16 units for the seronegative group (reference). Compared with the seronegative group as reference, patients with dermatomyositis-specific autoantibodies developed less damage per year of follow-up since diagnosis (average 0.08 less score, P = 0.04), whereas patients with anti-PM/Scl autoantibodies developed more damage per year of follow-up since diagnosis (average 0.28 higher score, P = 0.03) independent of sex and age at diagnosis. The seronegative subgroup and the immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy autoantibody subgroup had the strongest correlation between severity of muscle damage and HAQ-DI scores at five years of follow-up, rho=0.84, P < 0.001 and rho=0.72, P < 0.001, respectively. ConclusionOur study is the first to describe patterns and trajectories of change in damage over time in relation to autoantibody defined subgroups in a large international multicenter cohort of patients with IIM. Patients with anti-PM/Scl scored a greater extent of damage, whereas patients with dermatomyositis-specific antibodies had less damage than seronegative patients. Severity in muscle damage had moderate to strong correlation with functional disability among the IMNM and seronegative subgroups with lower correlations for the other subgroups. These findings suggest that autoantibodies may be useful predictors of long-term damage.

Distinctive clinical traits of lupus-related myocarditis: a multicentre retrospective study.

Cardiovascular involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is frequent but little is known about possible distinctive traits of SLE-related myocarditis (myoSLE) in comparison to patients with SLE (onlySLE) or myocarditis alone (onlyMyo). A retrospective analysis was performed comparing patients with myoSLE (n = 25) from three centres with consecutive patients with onlySLE (n = 279) and onlyMyo (n = 88). SLE patients were dichotomised by disease duration ≤1 vs >1 year into recent onlySLE/early myoSLE vs longstanding onlySLE/late myoSLE. Further stratification into disease duration of 1-5, 5-10 and >10 years was also performed. SLE disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) was used to estimate disease activity. Myocarditis was diagnosed through biopsy or magnetic resonance. Women were significantly more frequent among myoSLE than among onlyMyo (72% vs 43%; p= 0.013). Compared with onlyMyo, myoSLE patients had a higher frequency of conduction abnormalities (22% vs 5%; p= 0.046) and presented with numerically higher frequencies of left ventricular function compromise (48% vs 30%), along with higher pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels. Inflammation markers were higher in myoSLE compared with onlyMyo and to patients with onlySLE with >10 years of disease duration. SLEDAI-2K was significantly higher in late myoSLE than in longstanding onlySLE. Antiphospholipid syndrome was more frequent in myoSLE than in onlySLE. Multivariate analysis showed an association among myoSLE, anti-beta-2-glycoprotein I antibodies (aB2GPI, p= 0.014) and a higher number of involved British Isles Lupus Assessment Group domains in patient history (p= 0.003). myoSLE has unique clinical traits compared with other forms of myocarditis and is associated with aB2GPI and a more severe SLE course.

Risk factors for prevalent and incident hypertension in rheumatoid arthritis: data from the Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort.

Hypertension (HTN) is a common comorbidity in RA. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and incidence of HTN and baseline factors associated with incident HTN in early RA (ERA). Data were from the Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort (CATCH), an inception cohort of ERA patients having <1 year of disease duration. HTN was determined by patient- or physician-reported diagnosis, the use of anti-hypertensives and/or blood pressure. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine baseline factors associated with prevalent and incident HTN in this population. The study sample included 2052 ERA patients [mean age 55 years (s.d. 14), 71% female). The prevalence of HTN at study enrolment was 26% (23% in females and 34% in males). In both sexes, prevalent HTN was associated with older age, diabetes and hyperlipidaemia. HTN was associated with being overweight or high alcohol consumption in females. Of the RA patients who did not have HTN at enrolment, 24% (364/1518) developed HTN during the median follow-up period of 5 years (range 1-8). Baseline factors significantly associated with incident HTN were older age, being overweight, excess alcohol consumption and having hyperlipidaemia. Incident HTN was associated with high alcohol consumption in males and with hyperlipidaemia in females. RA-associated disease factors and treatments were not significantly associated with prevalent or incident HTN. Early RA patients had a high incidence of hypertension with the highest risk in older patients with traditional cardiovascular risk factors.

Effects of nordic walking training on gait and exercise tolerance in male ischemic heart disease patients.

This technique-focused observational study explores the impact of a 6-week Nordic Walking (NW) program on physiological and biomechanical aspects in ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients. Twelve male IHD patients (66.2 ± 5.2years, 12.2 ± 7.5years of disease duration) were evaluated pre- and post-training for (i) gait parameters, (ii) exercise tolerance using electrocardiographic (ECG) stress test, (iii) a 6-min walk test (6MWT). The NW training, adhering to IHD patient guidelines, involved a 100-m walk at a self-selected, preferred speed without sticks, with classic NW sticks and mechatronic sticks. A mechatronic measuring system, specifically engineered for measuring, diagnosing and monitoring the patient's gait, was integrated into mechatronic sticks. Post-training, significant enhancements were observed in ECG stress test duration, metabolic equivalency, and 6MWT distance, irrespective of the stick type. However, no significant changes were noted in spatiotemporal parameters concerning the measured side, stick utilisation, or type. The results suggest that NW training boosts exercise capacity and refines gait mechanics in male IHD patients. However, the improvement in exercise capacity was not linked to changes in gait mechanics from NW training but rather to the movement during NW gait. Hence, the key to enhancing exercise capacity in IHD patients is the movement during NW gait, not the quality of gait mechanics.

Swallowing Characteristics and Water Swallow Capacity in Patients with Parkinsonism.

Prevalence and characteristics of dysphagia (including aspiration) in patients with parkinsonism is variable, depending on type of assessment, diagnosis, disease stage and duration. The aim of this study was to further evaluate dysphagia characteristics in patients with different types of parkinsonism with both instrumental (Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing, FEES) and non-instrumental (Timed Water Swallow Test, TWST) assessments. Swallowing characteristics in 74 patients with parkinsonism were prospectively assessed using FEES and TWST. Statistics employed were (a) Spearman rank correlation to measure correlation between dysphagia results and Parkinson subtypes, disease severity and duration and (b) the non-parametric tests Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis to measure difference between groups. Dysphagia was common, with 50 (67.6%) of the patients demonstrating a mild-severe Dysphagia Outcome Severity Scale (DOSS, level 1-5). During FEES, 42% aspirated and 68% of these had silent aspiration. Aspiration was seen more frequently with increased disease severity as per Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) (r = .459, p = < 0.001) and disease duration (r = .269, p = .021). Thin liquid (IDDSI level 0) was the most common consistency to aspirate, and the frequency of aspiration decreased with thicker liquids. Dysphagia and aspiration are common in all subgroups of parkinsonism and seen in early stages of H&Y and within the first year of disease duration. Hence, it is recommended that these patients are evaluated early for optimal management and to avoid aspiration-related complications.

P161 Self-reported barriers to exercise from a national United Kingdom systemic lupus erythematosus cohort

Abstract Background/Aims Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are more inactive than the general population. Regular physical activity (PA) positively impacts many health parameters, including cardiovascular health. To better understand patient barriers to leisure time PA we conducted a national survey of patients with SLE in the UK. Methods An online survey was disseminated via LUPUS UK social media platforms between 5/05/2023 and 28/10/2023. Participants self-reported demographic data including postcodes. Indices of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) were used to define socioeconomic deprivation and were split into quantiles, where quartile 5 represents participants living in 20% least deprived areas in England. Categorical and continuous data were analysed using Fisher’s exact test and Mann-Whitney U test respectively. Results There were 249 individual responses. Table 1 describes the cohort demographics alongside response data. On a 0-10 scale (very unsatisfied to very satisfied), 171/244 (70%) of participants rated their satisfaction with their amounts of leisure time PA as ≤ 4. The most commonly reported barriers to PA were fatigue (221/249, 88.8%), pain (155/249, 62.2%) and lupus-related symptoms/flares (145/249, 58.2%). Dislike of exercise was reported by &amp;lt; 10% of cohort (22/249, 8.8%). When asked to identify the primary barrier to PA, 119/244 (48.8%) reported fatigue. Lack of motivation (40/244, 16.4%) and knowledge about exercise (18/244, 7.4%) were other predominant barriers. Concern around injury differed between ethnic groups (p = 0.016). Other barriers did not differ by sex, ethnic group or socioeconomic deprivation. Participants reporting lack of time were younger with a median age of 45 (35-53) versus 54 (43-63) years, p = &amp;lt;0.001. Patients reporting fatigue, pain and self-consciousness had higher BMI in kg/m2 (27.7 [23.6-32.3] vs 23.4 [20.8-28.2]; 28.7 [23.8-33.1] vs 25.4 [22.6-28.8]; 31.4 [27.9-38.4] vs 25.8 [23.1-30.2]), p = &amp;lt;0.001. Lupus-related symptoms/flares and concern that PA may worsen lupus were reported by participants with a shorter disease duration in years (8 [3-17] vs 12 [4.5-24] p = 0.002, and 7 [2-15] vs 10 [4.5-23] p = &amp;lt;0.001 respectively). Conclusion 70% of patients were dissatisfied with their level of leisure time PA. Fatigue and pain were the most commonly reported barriers to PA. Reported barriers differ between patients highlighting the need for personalised exercise programmes for patients with SLE. Disclosure A. Baranskaya: None. A.J. Wadley: None. J. Reynolds: None.

OA09 Significant association between disease duration in axial spondyloarthritis and the occurrence of uveitis and inflammatory bowel disease, with no such association found for psoriasis

Abstract Background/Aims Axial spondyloarthritis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily impacting the spine and sacroiliac joints. In addition to spinal inflammation and peripheral symptoms, it frequently presents with extra-musculoskeletal manifestations such as inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, and anterior uveitis, collectively adding to the overall disease burden. Although existing research has explored the heightened risk of ophthalmological manifestations with prolonged disease duration, there is a paucity of literature examining the association between disease duration in axial spondyloarthritis and the onset of inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis. Aim: To investigate the relationship between axial spondyloarthritis disease duration and the development of extra-musculoskeletal manifestations. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study with data obtained from the Ankylosing Spondylitis Registry of Ireland (ASRI), which is a large cross-sectional, multicentre cohort study. Using both univariate and multivariate regression analyses, we examined the relationship between axial spondyloarthritis disease duration and extra musculoskeletal manifestations. In the multivariate analysis, several covariates including gender, body mass index, smoking, and HLA-B27 status were considered to account for their potential influence on the observed associations. Results Demographic details were available for 912 patients included at the time of analysis. The median disease duration in years for our cohort was 16. Table 1 presents relevant general characteristics of the ASRI cohort and the results of our regression analysis. Uveitis exhibited a highly significant association (P &amp;lt; 0.001) with AxSpA duration in both univariate and multivariate analyses, even after accounting for covariates. Inflammatory bowel disease also showed a significant association with AxSpA duration in both univariate and multivariate analyses (P &amp;lt; 0.003). In our analysis, psoriasis showed no significant relationship with AxSpA disease duration in both univariate (P = 0.298) and multivariate analyses (P1 = 0.249). Conclusion Our study, using a large data set, reveals distinct patterns of association between axial spondyloarthritis disease duration and inflammatory bowel disease and uveitis. Conversely, psoriasis demonstrates no significant link to disease duration when considering confounding factors. Clinically, these insights are crucial for tailored management strategies, emphasising the need for improved diagnostic time and multidisciplinary care to address the diverse manifestations of AxSpA and optimise patient outcomes. Disclosure B. Dinneen: None. M. Kenyon: None. F. O'Shea: None.

Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis Associated With Alterations in the Gastrointestinal Microbiota.

Emerging research suggests that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with intestinal dysbiosis. This prospective pilot study evaluates changes in intestinal microbial composition in patients with RA initiating treatment with either methotrexate (MTX) or a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi). Consecutive patients, fulfilling the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/EULAR classification criteria for RA, who started treatment with either MTX or TNFi delivered a stool sample upon initiation of immunosuppression and 3 months later. A 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based validated microbiota test (GA-map Dysbiosis Index Score [DIS], Genetic Analysis, Oslo, Norway) was used to evaluate for the presence and degree of dysbiosis. Fecal levels of Prevotella copri (P. copri) were analyzed by custom-made quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Changes in microbial composition were analyzed in relation to changes in disease activity, as measured by the disease activity score based on 28-joint counts, using C-reactive protein. At baseline, dysbiosis was present in 33 of 50 (66%) participants and more common in participants with more than 2 years of disease duration (P = 0.019). At the 3-month follow-up, 27 of 50 (54%) were good treatment responders and the DIS had improved in 14 of 50 (28%). Participants initiating TNFi more often exhibited improvement in the DIS compared with those initiating MTX (P = 0.031). P. copri was identified in 32 of 50 (64%) at baseline. An improvement in disease activity score based on 28-joint counts, using C-reactive protein was associated with a simultaneous decrease in P. copri abundance (rs = 0.30, P = 0.036). This study affirms that dysbiosis is a feature of RA. Although patients were not randomized to MTX or TNFi, the findings suggest that specific therapies may differentially modulate the gastrointestinal microbiota in RA. The association between P. copri and treatment response requires further study.

Extended Phenotyping of Migraine in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Specialist Children's Headache Clinic

BackgroundThe pediatric migraine phenotype may exhibit differences to adults, leading to diagnostic challenges. We aimed to perform a cross-sectional systematic study to characterize the extended phenotype of pediatric migraine. MethodsNew migraine patients presenting to the Children's Headache Clinic were included (n = 105). Data were collected via a detailed symptom questionnaire at the first clinical encounter and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Cohen kappa (k), Spearman correlation (ρ), and Poisson and binomial logistic regression models within SPSS. ResultsPatients were 65% female and aged five to 17 years (median 14, interquartile range [IQR] 11 to 15), with a mean disease duration of 4.7 years (S.D. 2.8). Monthly headache frequency was 1 to 30 days (median 30, IQR 12 to 30). Attack duration varied between 2 and 168 hours (median 12, IQR 5 to 72). The majority (81%) experienced bilateral headache. Premonitory symptoms (PS) were reported by 93% (range 0 to 7; mood change and tiredness most commonly), cranial autonomic symptoms (CAS) by 58% (range 0 to 6; pallor and lacrimation most commonly), and premonitory CAS by 23%. Vertigo (53%) and allodynia (16%) were present. The laterality of headache and CAS showed agreement (k = 0.5, P < 0.001). For every year of disease duration, 1.07 times more PS were reported (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03 to 1.12, P < 0.001). The number of CAS (odds ratio 2.13, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.8, P = 0.01) significantly predicted allodynia. ConclusionsChildren display a more enriched PS phenotype with disease chronicity. CAS and allodynia may be markers of central sensitization with shared neurobiological mechanisms in the absence of peripheral nociceptor activation.

Visual acuity and visual field as a function of disease duration in patients with birdshot chorioretinitis

BackgroundBirdshot chorioretinitis (BSCR) is a chronic bilateral posterior uveitis, which can affect central as well as peripheral vision. The aim of this study was to assess how visual acuity and...

The Impact of Metabolic Memory on Immune Profile in Young Patients with Uncomplicated Type 1 Diabetes.

Metabolic memory refers to the long-term effects of achieving early glycemic control and the adverse implications of high blood glucose levels, including the development and progression of diabetes complications. Our study aimed to investigate whether the phenomenon of metabolic memory plays a role in the immune profile of young patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes (T1D). The study group included 67 patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes with a mean age of 15.1 ± 2.3 years and a minimum disease duration of 1.2 years. The control group consisted of 27 healthy children and adolescents with a mean age of 15.1 ± 2.3 years. Patients were divided into three groups according to their HbA1c levels at the onset of T1D, and the average HbA1c levels after one and two years of disease duration. The subgroup A1 had the lowest initial HbA1c values, while the subgroup C had the highest initial HbA1c values. Cytokine levels (including TNF-α, IL-35, IL-4, IL-10, IL-18, and IL-12) were measured in all study participants. Our data analysis showed that subgroup A1 was characterized by significantly higher levels of IL-35 and IL-10 compared to all other groups, and significantly higher levels of IL-4 compared to group B. Additionally, a comparative analysis of cytokine levels between the groups of diabetic patients and healthy controls demonstrated that subgroup A1 had significantly higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The lipid profile was also significantly better in subgroup A1 compared to all other patient groups. Based on our findings, it appears that an inflammatory process, characterized by an imbalance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, is associated with poor glycemic control at the onset of diabetes and during the first year of disease duration. These findings also suggest that both metabolic memory and inflammation contribute to the abnormal lipid profile in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Adherence to an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet is associated with the presence and burden of carotid atherosclerosis in people with type 1 diabetes.

People with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The Mediterranean diet is associated with reduced CVD; however, the evidence in T1D is scarce. We aimed to analyse the relationships between adherence to the energy-restricted Mediterranean diet (erMEDd) and carotid atherosclerosis. We included children with T1D without CVD, with ≥1 of the following: age ≥40years, diabetic kidney disease, or ≥10years of disease duration with another risk factor. Plaque presence (intima-media thickness ≥1.5mm) was determined by ultrasonography. The PREDIMED-Plus 17-item questionnaire (PP-17) was used to assess adherence to the erMEDd. Four hundred one individuals were included (48% males, age 48.3±11years, diabetes duration 26.8±11.4years). Those harbouring plaques (42%) showed lower adherence to the erMEDd (PP-17: 8.9±2.3 of a maximum of 17 vs. 9.8±2.5, p<0.001). Greater adherence to the erMEDd was correlated with an overall better metabolic profile. After adjusting for multiple confounders, adherence to the erMEDd was independently associated with carotid atherosclerosis (OR 0.86 [0.77-0.95] for plaque presence and OR 0.85 [0.75-0.97] for ≥2 plaques). The consumption of fruit and nuts and preference of white over red meat was higher in individuals without atherosclerosis (p<0.05). Fruit and nut consumption was associated with lower plaque prevalence in the fully adjusted models (OR 0.38 [0.19-0.73] and 0.51 [0.29-0.93]). Greater adherence to the erMEDd is associated with less carotid atherosclerosis in children with T1D at high risk of CVD. Strategies to improve and implement healthy dietary patterns in this population should be encouraged.

Impact of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder on employment and income in the United States.

We aim to characterize the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with loss of jobs, income, and work hours in people with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in the United States. A REDCap-based survey was administered to working-age NMOSD patients (18-70 years old) querying demographic information, symptoms, immunosuppression, work hours, income, and caregiver work (11/2022-07/2023). Regression models were developed using MATLAB. Of 127 participants (97 female; 55% AQP4-antibody, 19% MOG antibody; 69% Caucasian, 7% Hispanic), with an average diagnosis age of 38.7 years, average disease duration of 6.4 years, mean 3.1 attacks, and 94% of whom were treated with immune system-directed therapy (53% rituximab, 8% satralizumab, 7% eculizumab, 6% mycophenolate mofetil, 4% inebilizumab, 2% azathioprine, 10% IVIg, 10% other), 56% lost a job due to NMOSD. Employment decreased 12% (80% pre- to 68% post-diagnosis). Thirty-six percent of participants said they no longer worked outside the home. Significant predictors for post-NMOSD diagnosis employment status included younger age, lower pain level, no walking aids, and having a job prediagnosis. Sixty-eight percent of those employed prediagnosis reduced their work hours, dropping an average of 18.4 h per month since being diagnosed (±10.1 h). Average annual income grew slowly at $1998 during the average 6.4 years of disease duration (14% of the value predicted by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics). Sixty percent of participants had a regular unpaid caregiver; 34% of caregivers changed their work hours or job to help manage NMOSD. We provide a structured analysis of the impact of NMOSD on employment, work hours, and income in the United States, demonstrating its major effect on the livelihoods of patients and their caregivers.

Liver Transplantation for Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastasis: Perspective and Review of Current Literature.

The treatment of unresectable colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) has previously been limited to palliative chemotherapy. Traditionally, the role of liver transplant has not been associated with sufficient survival to justify a patient undergoing a major operation with the associated requirement for postoperative immunosuppression. With improvements in chemotherapy options, a certain subset of patients can experience stable disease for years, which has prompted investigation into the role of liver transplant in these patients. Several recent studies have shown promising results in well-selected patients, with posttransplant survival approaching that of liver transplant recipients for other diseases. Here, we present a review of the data and current protocols for liver transplant for unresectable CRLM.