Years Of Age Residents Research Articles

Telehealth and Speech Therapy: usability assessment of an orientation and prevention program of orofacial myofunctional changes, during the COVID-19 pandemic.

To assess the effect of an virtual speech-language orientation program, as well as the prevention of orofacial myofunctional alterations. Fifty-five volunteer residents aged between 18 and 50 years of age residents of Federal District participated in the study, 14 men and 41 women with an average of 28. The orientation program was divided into five stages (1) The preparation of material to be used in the orientation program, (2) The completion of a semi-structured questionnaire made available through Google Forms, (3) Completion of a pre-orientation program questionnaire, (4) utilization of the speech therapy orientation program, (5) Completion of the post-orientation program questionnaire. To analyze the results the McNemar statistical test was used considering the absolute frequency (N), enabling comparison through a paired sample. The significance level adopted was 5%. Statistically significant differences were seen in 10 of the 19 questions asked in the pre and post-orientation program questionnaires, proving the effect of the orientation program and improvement in participants' knowledge. In addition the participants were satisfied with the program and the content. The orientation program focused on health promotion and prevention of orofacial myofunctional alterations and combined with telehealth brought significant changes to the reality of the participants, favoring the quality of life of these individuals and changing their reality.

Diarrhoea among Children Under Five Years of Age Residing in a Village Development Committee: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Diarrhoea is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among young children. It is reported that a large number of under five-year children still die of diarrhoea in Nepal. Nepal is striving for reducing childhood mortality by two thirds. The aim of this study is to find out the prevalence of diarrhoea among children under five years of age in a village development committee. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study performed among 356 children below 5 years of age residing in the Village Development Committee between January, 2018 and December, 2018 after getting ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 209/2017). A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the demographic data and other pertinent information. Convenience sampling was done. The data were entered into Microsoft Excel version 16.0 and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data and mean with standard deviation for continuous data. Out of 356 children less than five years of age, diarrhoea was prevalent in 156 (43.82%) (38.67-48.97 at 95% Confidence Interval). Eighty-six (55.12%) were males and 70 (44.87%) were females. The prevalence of diarrhoea in our study was higher when compared to similar studies conducted in similar settings. children; hygiene; prevalence; sanitation; water.

Estado nutricional, consumo alimentar e prática de atividade física em adultos no Nordeste Brasileiro

Food and nutrition are healthy for human health. Nutritional deviations base for the treatment of diseases that serve the population The objective of the study was to investigate the nutritional status and lifestyle habits of the adult population. The study is descriptive, cross-sectional, with secondary data collection in the database of the Surveillance System of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel), from the year 2019. The investigated population were adults over 18 years of age residents in the capitals of northeastern Brazil. as obesity, were overweight, consumption of fruits and vegetables and physical activity. Of the 18.557% men, 65.1% were women and 34.9% were men. Obesity present in all occurrences of weight in older women. The most prevalent overweight in Recife and Salvador and obesity in Recife, Maceió and João Pessoa. The intake of fruits and vegetables was more common in women from Recife and Aracaju, as was the practice of physical activity in the capitals of Salvador and Maceió. In general, women increased the risks, better consumption of food and adherence to physical exercise. Regardless of gender, specific actions to promote the health of each population group are more defined, considering the specificities of each population group.

Positive reappraisal as a stress coping strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction. The stress coping strategies people rely on impact their psychological well-being and may be related to the risk of developing psychopathology in the short- and long-term after an unfortunate event. Objective. To define the main stress coping strategies in our region as a first step in assessing the risk of developing psychopathology derived from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Method. This is an observational, cross-sectional, analytical study that includes 396 participants over 18 years of age residents of the state of Nuevo Leon. Using an online form, the participants were asked to complete the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CAE). Results. In general, after two months of mitigation measures in Mexico, positive reappraisal was the stress coping strategy with the highest score in the population studied. We found higher scores on negative auto-focused and overt emotional expression on the comparation between sociodemographic subgroups. Discussion and conclusion. The present study shows that, in our community, positive reappraisal was the stress coping strategy with the highest score. Positive reappraisal is an active form of coping associated with greater psychological well-being and fewer risk of developing psychopathology in the short and long term. Based on this, our hypothesis is that the predominant use of this strategy could translate into a higher psychological well-being during and after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the studied sample.

PMU5 PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS TO PSYCHOTIC SUBSTANCE USE IN LOW-INCOME ADOLESCENTS FROM THE CARIBBEAN REGION OF COLOMBIA

To estimate the prevalence and associated factors to psychotic substance use in low-income adolescents from the Caribbean region of Colombia A cross sectional study was conducted. Adolescents between 10-24 years of age residents in 21 municipalities were randomly selected from the population affiliated to a subsidized-regime insurance company between 2014-2018. A previously constructed questionnaire was used to obtain information regarding sociodemographic variables and potential risk factors. Prevalence of lifetime use of substance abuse was assessed. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to establish associated factors. Absolute and relative frequencies were compared with the Chi2 test and continuous variables were compared with the t-test. A p value <0.050 was considered significant A total of 35,214 adolescents with a mean (SD) age of 16.0 (4.1) years were included. Of these, 55.7% were women and 63.9% lived in urban areas. The lifetime prevalence of psychoactive substance use was 1.9% (95% CI: 1.7-2.0) and a higher prevalence of use was found in males compared to females (2.8% and 1.1%). A positive association between age and substance use was found (10-14yr: 0.7%; 15-19yr: 2.4% and 20-24yr: 2.9%). Compared to tobacco (4.4%), alcohol (28.8%) was the most frequent substance consumed by individuals. Risk factors for substance consumption were (OR 95% CI) being older than 14 years (15-19yr=OR 3.2; 2.4-4.2 and 20-24yr=OR 4.4; 3.3-5.8)(p<0.001), feeling sad/empty most of the time (OR 2.3; 1.8-2.9), having suffered constant physical abuse by parents (OR 2.8; 1.0-6.9), have executed school bullying (OR 2.0; 1.5-2.6) and urban residence (OR 1.6; 1.3-2.1). a correlation between substance use and adverse outcomes in mental health, family function and quality of life was found. Policies should consider the influence of social determinants of health in the consumption of psychotic substances in adolescents

Malnutrition and Associated Factors among Children below Five Years of Age Residing in Slum Area of Jaipur City, Rajasthan, India

Malnutrition and Associated Factors among Children below Five Years of Age Residing in Slum Area of Jaipur City, Rajasthan, India

Hand-Grip Strength: Normative Reference Values and Equations for Individuals 18 to 85 Years of Age Residing in the United States.

Background Hand-grip strength is an indicator of overall strength and a predictor of important outcomes. Up-to-date, population-specific reference values for measurements of grip strength are needed to properly interpret strength outcomes. Objectives To provide population-based grip-strength reference values and equations for US residents 18 to 85 years of age. Methods Hand-grip data from 1232 participants 18 to 85 years of age were extracted from the database of the 2011 normative phase of the US National Institutes of Health Toolbox project in this cross-sectional study. Descriptive reference values and equations were derived from the data. Results The authors present grip-strength reference values using summary statistics (mean, standard deviation, and percentile). The mean grip strength ranged from 49.7 kg for the dominant hand of men 25 to 29 years of age to 18.7 kg for the nondominant hand of women 75 to 79 years of age. The researchers also present reference regression equations for the dominant and nondominant sides of men and women. The explanatory variables in the equations are age, height, and weight. Conclusion The normative reference values and equations provided in this study may serve as a guide for interpreting grip-strength measurements obtained from tested individuals. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(9):685-693. Epub 23 May 2018. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7851.

Non-suicidal self-injury in Mexican young adults: Prevalence, associations with suicidal behavior and psychiatric disorders, and DSM-5 proposed diagnostic criteria

BackgroundNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) may lead to scarring, infection, accidental death and psychological distress. Little is known about NSSI in the general population of young adults in developing countries like Mexico. The current study examined the prevalence of any NSSI and each type of NSSI, the prevalence of meeting DSM-5 proposed criteria, and finally the association of NSSI with socio-demographic variables, suicidal behavior and psychiatric disorders. MethodsThis study was conducted in a community sample of 1071 young adults between 19 and 26 years of age residents of Mexico City. ResultsThe lifetime prevalence of NSSI was 18.56% with females having 87% greater odds. The 12-month prevalence was 3.19%. Only 0.22% of the total sample and 6.96% of those that self-injured in the past 12 months met full criteria proposed by DSM-5, in part due to the lack of reported impairment; 39.99% of those that self-injured reported impairment. Suicidal behavior commonly co-occurred with NSSI. All lifetime anxiety, mood, disruptive behavior and substance use disorders were associated with greater risk for lifetime NSSI whereas only 12-month depression and substance use disorder was associated with greater risk of 12-month NSSI. LimitationsThe cross-sectional nature of the study precludes conclusions of causality and directionality and the study excluded institutionalized and homeless young adults. ConclusionsNSSI is a concerning problem in young adults from Mexico City due to the important associations with all types of psychiatric disorders and suicidal behavior. Because many who self-injure do not perceive impairment, they are unlikely to seek treatment.

Risk factors for diarrhea in children under five years of age residing in peri-urban communities in Cochabamba, Bolivia.

This study examined the relationship between childhood diarrhea prevalence and caregiver knowledge of the causes and prevention of diarrhea in a prospective cohort of 952 children < 5 years of age in Cochabamba, Bolivia. The survey of caregiver knowledge found that more than 80% of caregivers were unaware that hand washing with soap could prevent childhood diarrhea. Furthermore, when asked how to keep food safe for children to eat only 17% of caregivers reported hand washing before cooking and feeding a child. Lack of caregiver awareness of the importance of practices related to hygiene and sanitation for diarrhea prevention were significant risk factors for diarrheal disease in this cohort. The knowledge findings from this study suggest that health promotion in these communities should put further emphasis on increasing knowledge of how water treatment, hand washing with soap, proper disposal of child feces, and food preparation relate to childhood diarrhea prevention.

Air Pollution and Hospital Admissions for Ischemic Heart Diseases among Individuals 64+ Years of Age Residing in Seoul, Korea

There is increased evidence that air pollution may be associated with cardiovascular disease. The authors' prior investigations on the association between air pollution exposure and stroke mortality led to the current study, which was conducted to assess the effects of ambient air pollution on ischemic cardiovascular diseases among the elderly population (i.e., males and females 64+ yr of age) in Seoul, Korea. The authors estimated the relative risks of hospitalization associated with an interquartile range (IQR) increase in pollution concentrations; a generalized additive Poisson model was used to conduct a time-series analysis of the counts. The concentrations of ambient air pollutants were lower than the current recommendations for air quality in Korea. The estimated relative risks of hospitalization associated with an IQR were 1.05 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01, 1.10) for particulate matter less than or equal to 10 microm in diameter (PM10) (IQR = 40.4 microg/m3); 1.10 (95% CI = 1.05, 1.15) for ozone (IQR = 21.7 ppb); 1.08 (95% CI = 1.03, 1.14) for nitrogen dioxide (IQR = 14.6 ppb); 1.07 (95% CI = 1.01, 1.13) for carbon monoxide (IQR = 1.0 ppm); and 0.95 (95% CI = 0.90, 1.01) for sulfur dioxide (IQR = 4.4 ppb). The authors observed that sulfur dioxide was a significant risk factor for ischemic heart disease-related hospital admissions during the summer months (i.e., June, July, and August) (relative risk = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.08, 1.62). Hospital admissions for ischemic heart diseases were associated significantly with daily variations in levels of ambient air pollutants. These findings may provide new insights into the possible pathologic mechanisms involving air pollutants, and they support the hypothesis that the elderly appear to be at particular risk from the effects of air pollution, at pollutant levels lower than the standards commonly adopted by many countries.

A Study of the Reasons For Wanting Children Among Women Under Thirty Five Years of Age Residing in the Yonsei Community Health Area

A Study of the Reasons For Wanting Children Among Women Under Thirty Five Years of Age Residing in the Yonsei Community Health Area