Years Of Relationship Research Articles

Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence among Male Local Government Workers in Ekiti State

Intimate partner violence (IPV) against men is a global prevalent issue. It is the abuse that transpires within or outside a romantic relationship. It affects men and women equally but the cases of men are under-reported. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of intimate partner violence among male local government workers in Ekiti State. The study adopted a cross sectional descriptive research design using a quantitative method approach of data collection. Multistage sampling technique was used to select two hundred and eighteen (218) respondents from six local government areas in Ekiti State. Data were collected with the aid of adapted questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The result showed that the average age of the respondents was approximately 43 years with 67.9% being within 36-51 years old and 79.4% were married with an average length of 13 years in relationship. The overall prevalence of IPV was 94.5% with psychological violence being the most prevalent (89.0%), followed by psychological violence (78.9%), then by sexual (39.9%) and physical (19.3%). IPV against men is prevalent and it is mostly psychological. The fact that physical assault is minimal does not mean that men are undergoing IPV. Hence nurses and other health workers should screen men who present with psychological symptoms for necessary help.

Changes in the users of the social‐ecological system around a reciprocal human‐dolphin relationship

Abstract In contrast to many contemporary negative human‐nature relationships, Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities have stewarded nature through cultural practices that include reciprocal contributions for both humans and nature. A rare example is the century‐old artisanal fishery in which net‐casting fishers and wild dolphins benefit by working together, but little is known about the persistence of the social‐ecological system formed around this cultural practice. Here, we frame the human‐dolphin cooperative fishery in southern Brazil as a social‐ecological system based on secondary data from the scientific and grey literature. To investigate the dynamics of this system, we survey the local and traditional ecological knowledge and examine potential changes in its main component—the artisanal fishers—over time and space. Over 16 years, we conducted four interview campaigns with 188 fishers in fishing sites that are more open (accessible) or closed (restricted) to external influence. We investigated their experience, engagement and economic dependence on dolphin‐assisted fishing, as well as the learning processes and transmission of the traditional knowledge required to cooperate with dolphins. Our qualitative data suggest that fishers using accessible and restricted fishing sites have equivalent fishing experience, but those in more restrictive sites tend to be more economically dependent on dolphins, relying on them for fishing year‐round. The traditional knowledge on how to cooperate with dolphins is mostly acquired via social learning, with a tendency for vertical learning to be frequent among fishers using sites more restrictive for outsiders. Experience, economic dependence and reliance on vertical learning seem to decrease recently, especially in the accessible site. Our quantitative analyses, however, suggest that some of these fluctuations were not significant. Our study outlines the key components of this social‐ecological system and identifies changes in the attributes of a main component, the users. These changes, when coupled with changes in other components such as governance and resource units (fish and dolphins), can have implications for the persistence of this cultural practice and the livelihoods of Local Communities. We suggest that continuous monitoring of this system can help to safeguard the reciprocal contributions of this human‐nature relationship in years to come. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

The Role of Brand Determinants in Maintaining Long-term Customer Relationships with Branded Product

The abstract of the study provides a concise overview of the research conducted on brand determinants and their role in maintaining long-term customer relationships with the product brand. This study aimed to explore various aspects such as brand awareness, brand positioning, brand association, brand image, brand trust, brand loyalty, and brand reputation. Through a comprehensive literature review and analysis of data collected from a sample size of 217 respondents using a questionnaire survey method, valuable insights were gained into how these key factors contribute to building strong customer-brand relationships over time. The findings highlighted the significance of effective brand management in nurturing positive associations between customers and brands. It was observed that years of relationship with a particular branded product significantly influenced customers' perceptions and loyalty towards that specific brand. Moreover, this study identified areas where improvements can be made in terms of enhancing branding strategies to better meet customer expectations. The recommendations derived from this research can serve as insightful guidelines for marketers aiming to strengthen their brands and cultivate lasting connections with their target audience.

Prevalence and Predictors of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Among HIV-Negative Pregnant Women in Kenya.

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections in pregnancy contribute to adverse perinatal outcomes. We identified predictors of CT and/or NG infection among pregnant Kenyan women. Women without HIV were enrolled at 2 antenatal clinics in Western Kenya. Both CT and NG were assessed using endocervical samples for nucleic acid amplification tests. Poisson regression models were used to evaluate potential CT/NG risk factors. Classification and regression trees were generated to evaluate the joint effects of predictors. Overall, 1276 women had both CT and NG assessments. Women enrolled at a median of 26 weeks' gestation (interquartile range, 22-31 weeks), median age was 22 years (interquartile range, 19-27 years), and 78% were married. In total, 98 (7.7%) tested positive for CT/NG: 70 (5.5%) for CT and 32 (2.5%) for NG, 4 of whom (0.3%) had coinfections. Two-thirds (66%) of CT/NG cases were asymptomatic and would have been missed with only syndromic management. Risk factors of CT/NG included age <22 years, crowded living conditions, being unmarried, being in partnerships for <1 year, abnormal vaginal discharge, sexually transmitted infection history, and Trichomonas vaginalis diagnosis ( P < 0.1). Classification and regression tree analyses identified unmarried women <22 years in relationships for <1 year as 6.1 times more likely to have CT/NG compared with women without these characteristics (26% vs. 6%, adjusted prevalence ratio = 6.1, 95% confidence interval = 3.55-10.39, P < 0.001). Chlamydia trachomatis / Neisseria gonorrhoeae was frequently asymptomatic and common among young unmarried women in newer partnerships in this cohort. Integrating CT/NG testing into routine antenatal care may be beneficial, especially for young women in Kenya.

Higher Annual Total Hip Arthroplasty Volume Decreases the Risk of Intraoperative Periprosthetic Femur Fractures

BackgroundPeriprosthetic femur fracture (PFF) is a complication of total hip arthroplasty (THA). These occur intraoperatively or postoperatively, and documented risk factors of PFFs include women, age greater than 65 years, cementless stems, and inflammatory arthropathies. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the relationship of years of surgical experience and surgeon annual THA volume on intraoperative and postoperative PFFs. MethodsData were collected from a database query, and PFFs were identified as either intraoperative or postoperative. Intraoperative and postoperative PFFs were both compared to a control group of non-PFF patients. Years of surgical experience at the time of surgery and annual THA volume for the primary surgeon were calculated for all cases. Logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios for each of the surgeon variables when adjusted for patient demographics. ResultsThirty-seven intraoperative and 108 postoperative PFFs were identified and compared to 7,629 controls. From regression analyses, high-volume surgeons (≥50 THA/year) had lower odds of intraoperative PFF (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.40, P = .020) but not postoperative PFF (aOR = 1.02, P = .921). Surgeon experience (≥15 years since board certification at the time of surgery), was not significantly related to either PFF outcomes. For patient factors, age ≥65 years (aOR = 2.30, P < .001) and women (aOR = 2.69, P < .001) were both significant predictors of postoperative PFFs only. ConclusionSurgeons who performed 50 or more THAs per year had significantly fewer intraoperative PFFs than surgeons who did less than 50 THAs per year. Surgeon experience was not significantly related to PFFs.

Predictors of intimate partner violence among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at state specialist hospital Ikere-Ekiti, Southwest, Nigeria.

The study determined the socio-demographic predictors of reports of intimate partner violence (IPV) among pregnant women attending ante-natal clinic in State Specialist Hospital Ikere-Ekiti. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used and a pretested questionnaire was administered to 390 pregnant women who were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The prevalence rate IPV was 38.8 %, sexual violence (35.6%), followed by physical (35.1%), verbal (33.8%) and psychological (33.6%) was reported. The study found a significant relationship (p <0.05) between socio-demographic characteristics and IPV. The prevalence of IPV among the study participants was high, age of partner, years in relationship, age at marriage, educational status, occupational status, income and parity were predictors of IPV. Therefore, it is highly imperative for nurse-midwives to have a high index of suspicion and screen for intimate partner violence, especially physical and sexual violence during pre-natal care.

Open Letters from Prison

Abstract This article describes the response of a group of California women prisoners and their allies on the outside to the conditions that radically altered and devastated the lives of people in prison during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Benjamin Weber, African American and African Studies faculty member at the University of California, Davis, reached out to the California Coalition for Women Prisoners (CCWP), with its over twenty-six years of relationships with incarcerated women in California prisons. CCWP members Pam Fadem and Rachel Leah Klein collaborated to intervene early in the pandemic to facilitate communication among people both on the inside and outside of prison.

Water vapour thermal therapy (Rezum) outcomes at 4 years in relationship to the number of injections: is the 'less is more' treatment approach durable?

BJU InternationalAccepted Articles Research Letter Four-year Rezum outcomes in relationship to the number of injections: Is the “less is more” treatment approach durable? Mustufa Babar, Corresponding Author Mustufa Babar [email protected] Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY DSS Urology, Queens Village, NYCorrespondence: Mustufa Babar, BS, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, e-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorUmair Azhar, Umair Azhar Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NYSearch for more papers by this authorJustin Loloi, Justin Loloi orcid.org/0000-0002-4802-3354 Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NYSearch for more papers by this authorRahman Sayed, Rahman Sayed Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NYSearch for more papers by this authorKevin Labagnara, Kevin Labagnara Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NYSearch for more papers by this authorMichael Zhu, Michael Zhu Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NYSearch for more papers by this authorKevin Tang, Kevin Tang Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NYSearch for more papers by this authorAzizou Salami, Azizou Salami Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NYSearch for more papers by this authorSandeep Singh, Sandeep Singh DSS Urology, Queens Village, NYSearch for more papers by this authorMatthew Ines, Matthew Ines orcid.org/0000-0003-0364-7398 DSS Urology, Queens Village, NYSearch for more papers by this authorNazifa Iqbal, Nazifa Iqbal DSS Urology, Queens Village, NYSearch for more papers by this authorMichael Ciatto, Michael Ciatto DSS Urology, Queens Village, NYSearch for more papers by this author Mustufa Babar, Corresponding Author Mustufa Babar [email protected] Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY DSS Urology, Queens Village, NYCorrespondence: Mustufa Babar, BS, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, e-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorUmair Azhar, Umair Azhar Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NYSearch for more papers by this authorJustin Loloi, Justin Loloi orcid.org/0000-0002-4802-3354 Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NYSearch for more papers by this authorRahman Sayed, Rahman Sayed Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NYSearch for more papers by this authorKevin Labagnara, Kevin Labagnara Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NYSearch for more papers by this authorMichael Zhu, Michael Zhu Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NYSearch for more papers by this authorKevin Tang, Kevin Tang Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NYSearch for more papers by this authorAzizou Salami, Azizou Salami Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NYSearch for more papers by this authorSandeep Singh, Sandeep Singh DSS Urology, Queens Village, NYSearch for more papers by this authorMatthew Ines, Matthew Ines orcid.org/0000-0003-0364-7398 DSS Urology, Queens Village, NYSearch for more papers by this authorNazifa Iqbal, Nazifa Iqbal DSS Urology, Queens Village, NYSearch for more papers by this authorMichael Ciatto, Michael Ciatto DSS Urology, Queens Village, NYSearch for more papers by this author First published: 30 March 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.16017 This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi:10.1111/bju.16017. AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Accepted ArticlesAccepted, unedited articles published online and citable. The final edited and typeset version of record will appear in the future. RelatedInformation

How video games saved me during the pandemic: A gamer's guide to psychological safety

How video games saved me during the pandemic: A gamer's guide to psychological safety

Leveraging American football helmet accelerometer data to estimate associations between cumulative repetitive head impact exposure and chronic traumatic encephalopathy

AbstractBackgroundChronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative tauopathy associated with repetitive head impact (RHI) exposure. We previously showed that duration of American football play is associated with risk and severity of CTE pathology. Helmet accelerometers have been used previously to examine frequency, linear acceleration, and rotational acceleration of hits sustained across youth, high school, and college football. Here we projected this data onto former American football playing brain donors to examine the relationship between cumulative frequency of hits, linear acceleration, and rotational acceleration during players’ athletic careers and CTE pathology.Method656 former American football playing brain donors from the Veterans Affairs‐Boston University‐Concussion Legacy Foundation Brain Bank were examined for CTE pathology and severity. Years and position of play at each level (youth, high school, college, professional) were acquired through retrospective clinical interviews with brain donors next‐of‐kin. From a literature search of studies using helmet accelerometers, we calculated the mean frequency of hits, linear acceleration (g‐force), and rotational acceleration (rad/sec2) for one year of play at each level‐position combination. These values were projected onto brain donors’ career exposure to derive cumulative frequency of head impacts (CHII), cumulative linear acceleration (CHII‐G), and cumulative rotational acceleration (CHII‐R). Separate logistic regression models examined the relationship of years of play, CHII, CHII‐G, and CHII‐R on CTE status and severity (low vs. high), adjusting for age at death.ResultThe mean (SD) age at death was 59.7 (20.1) and 451 (68.8%) had CTE pathology. Each cumulative measure was significantly associated with presence of CTE (p’s&lt;.001) and severity of CTE (p’s&lt;.001). Based on ROC analyses, CHII‐R (AUC=0.765, p&lt;.001) and CHII‐G (AUC= 0.758, p&lt;.001) performed significantly better than years of play (AUC=0.716) in classifying CTE pathology, and there was no difference between years of play and CHII (AUC=0.698, p=0.25). Similar relationships were observed for CTE severity. Model fit and cross‐validation statistics were also consistent (Table 2).ConclusionAmong former American football playing brain donors, cumulative linear and rotational acceleration were better predictors of CTE pathology than duration of play or cumulative hits. The findings suggest head impact intensity is an important factor in developing CTE pathology.

More or less unmarried. The impact of legal settings of cohabitation on labour market outcomes

We study how different levels of protection upon separation affect the labour market behaviour of unmarried cohabiting partners. In Canada, unmarried cohabitation becomes a legal status after one year of relationship. Most provinces automatically expand couples’ rights and responsibilities after several years of cohabitation: some provinces allow cohabiting partners to claim for alimony upon separation, while others consider cohabiting couples to be equal to married couples. Using cross-province variations in legal settings and minimum eligibility duration, we find that eligibility for a regime making cohabiting partners equal to married partners increases men’s labour supply and earnings and decreases women’s while eligibility for a regime allowing for post-separation transfers between ex-partners decreases women’s earnings only. We find that the effect is stronger for couples directly eligible at the time of the reform than for couples who are eligible after the reform and may have anticipated changes in the legal settings. Our results show that eligibility affects within-household allocation of earnings and hours of work, and reinforces existing inequality. Our results contribute to the ongoing public debate regarding the legal recognition and level of protection that should be given to unmarried cohabiting partners.

The National Practitioner Database Malpractice Study of Severity of Alleged Malpractice Injuries Trends 2008-2018.

This research examined trends and severity of alleged injury in malpractice over a 10-year period. An understanding of the severity of patient outcomes is important to gauge improvements in care delivery. Analysis of the National Practitioner Database (NPDB) investigated malpractice payments from 2008 to 2018 by physicians, advanced nurse practitioners, and registered nurses and assessed the relationship of years of practice on the severity of alleged malpractice injury. Malpractice payments over the study period, primarily represented payments for significant permanent or major permanent injuries (25.97%) or death (32.74%). Claims overall have shown a decline, including claims by the severity of malpractice injury, for most outcomes. The clinicians represented in the NPDB with >15 years of practice have greater odds for severity of malpractice injuries classified as minor permanent injury and significant permanent injury than those clinicians represented in the NPDB with fewer years of practice. Top allegation categorizations for malpractice payment were diagnostics, treatment, and surgery related for 4 of the severities of alleged injury.

Negative Impact and Positive Value of Caregiving in Spouse Carers of Persons with Dementia in Sweden.

(1) Background: Spouse carers of persons with dementia (PwD) are particularly vulnerable to negative outcomes of care, yet research rarely focuses on their caregiving situation. This study explores factors associated with the positive value and negative impact of caregiving in spouse carers of PwD in Sweden. (2) Methods: The study was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey, with a convenience sample of spouse carers of PwD (n = 163). The questionnaire addressed: care situation, carer stress, health and social well-being, relationship quality and quality of support, and contained measures of positive value and negative impact of caregiving. (3) Results: Hierarchical regression models explained 63.4% variance in positive value and 63.2% variance in negative impact of caregiving. Three variables were significant in the model of positive value: mutuality, change in emotional closeness following dementia and quality of support. Six variables were significant in the model of negative impact: years in relationship, years as carer, behavioural stress, self-rated health, emotional loneliness and change in physical intimacy following dementia. (4) Conclusions: Support to spouse carers of PwD should address the carer–care-recipient relationship quality, although different aspects of the relationship should be addressed if both the positive value of caregiving is to be enhanced and the negative impact reduced.

Factors Influencing Disclosure of Intimate Partner Violence among Young and Middle Aged Women (15-50 Years) in Selected Primary Health Centers, Oyo State

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious global public health problem and contributes significantly to high rate of domestic violence. IPV remains the most prevalent form of violence against women (VAW) worldwide; and global estimates of VAW suggest that 35% of all women will experience either IPV or non-partner sexual violence in their lifetime. Hence, this study aimed at assessing the factors influencing disclosure of intimate partner violence among women aged 25-50 years in selected Primary Health Centres, Oyo State. This study is a descriptive research survey design conducted among young and middle age women in selected primary health care centres, Ibadan North-West Local Government Area, Oyo State between August and September, 2021. Sample size was calculated using Leslie Kish formula and the total number of sample used were three hundred and five (305) women. Facilities were selected using multistage sampling technique while the samples were selected using convenient sampling technique. A structured questionnaire on factors influencing intimate partner disclosure with reliability index of 0.75 was used for data collection. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics of frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation while inferential statistics of chi-square was used to test stated hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed high prevalence of intimate partner violence among women, majority of women were willing to disclose intimate partner violence with their family, pastors or imam. However, reason for non disclosure were attributed to the fact that they have never experience intimate partners before, intimate partner violence has become normal things among couples, fear of being stigmatized and that disclosing the violence will not change anything. Factors influencing the disclosure of intimate partner violence include dependence on partner for financial support, societal views about intimate partner violence, level of education , years of relationship, presence of children, religious belief, fear of worse outcomes, social support , access to information about intimate partners violence , feeling of embarrassment/shame, taking intimate partners as normal and societal status of partners, were identified as factors influencing intimate partners disclosure among young and middle age women. This study concluded that many young and middle age women experienced intimate partner violence and many of them are willing to disclose it to others. Therefore, awareness about intimate partner violence and the dangers of non-disclosure should be created among women.

Cytomegalovirus in Haematological Tumours.

The exquisite coupling between herpesvirus and human beings is the result of millions of years of relationship, coexistence, adaptation, and divergence. It is probably based on the ability to generate a latency that keeps viral activity at a very low level, thereby apparently minimising harm to its host. However, this evolutionary success disappears in immunosuppressed patients, especially in haematological patients. The relevance of infection and reactivation in haematological patients has been a matter of interest, although one fundamentally focused on reactivation in the post-allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT) patient cohort. Newer transplant modalities have been progressively introduced in clinical settings, with successively more drugs being used to manipulate graft composition and functionality. In addition, new antiviral drugs are available to treat CMV infection. We review the immunological architecture that is key to a favourable outcome in this subset of patients. Less is known about the effects of herpesvirus in terms of mortality or disease progression in patients with other malignant haematological diseases who are treated with immuno-chemotherapy or new molecules, or in patients who receive autologous SCT. The absence of serious consequences in these groups has probably limited the motivation to deepen our knowledge of this aspect. However, the introduction of new therapeutic agents for haematological malignancies has led to a better understanding of how natural killer (NK) cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes interact, and of the role of CMV infection in the context of recently introduced drugs such as Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, phosphoinosytol-3-kinase inhibitors, anti-BCL2 drugs, and even CAR-T cells. We analyse the immunological basis and recommendations regarding these scenarios.

"PocketBot Is Like a Knock-On-the-Door!": Designing a Chatbot to Support Long-Distance Relationships

Many couples experience long-distance relationships (LDRs), and "couple technologies" have been designed to influence certain relational practices or maintain them in challenging situations. Chatbots show great potential in mediating people's interactions. However, little is known about whether and how chatbots can be desirable and effective for mediating LDRs. In this paper, we conducted a two-phase study to design and evaluate a chatbot, PocketBot, that aims to provide effective interventions for LDRs. In Phase I, we adopted an iterative design process through conducting need-finding interviews to formulate design ideas and piloted the implemented PocketBot with 11 participants. In Phase II, we evaluated PocketBot with eighteen participants (nine LDR couples)in a week-long field trial followed by exit interviews, which yielded empirical understandings of the feasibility, effectiveness, and potential pitfalls of using PocketBot. First, a knock-on-the-door feature allowed couples to know when to resume an interaction after evading a conflict; this feature was preferred by certain participants (e.g., participants with stoic personalities). Second, a humor feature was introduced to spice up couples' conversations. This feature was favored by all participants, although some couples' perceptions of the feature varied due to their different cultural or language backgrounds. Third, a deep talk feature enabled couples at different relational stages to conduct opportunistic conversations about sensitive topics for exploring unknowns about each other, which resulted in surprising discoveries between couples who have been in relationships for years. Our findings provide inspiration for future conversational-based couple technologies that support emotional communication.

Preliminary Study in Overview of CYP2A6 Gene Variation in Infertile Male Patients

Introduction: Infertility is a condition which is described by WHO as inability for having children after one year of relationship without birth control. this condition can be caused both from inside and outside the body. One of the major outside factors is exposure to chemical substances, which in this case nicotine substance that came from cigarettes. The CYP2A6 gene is a coding gene for the xenobiotic metabolic enzyme, in this case nicotine which can cause infertility in men. Mutations in this gene can lead to nicotine buildup, increasing nicotine effect thus increasing the risk of infertility in men. The aim of this study was to determine whether there were variations in the CYP2A6 gene in male infertile patients.Methods: The method used was the isolation of infertile and fertile sperm DNA samples (five samples each) which were then amplified at the target DNA (CYP2A6) by PCR method and then sequenced to see the nucleutide sequence.Result: The results of this study showed that there were variations in the CYP2A6 gene that occurred only in infertile patients, heterogeneous mutations in the 7788th(C-A), 8040th (C-T), 7661st (G­-C) nucleutide sequence of the CYP2A6 gene and SNP mutations in the 8250th(T&gt;C), 8409th (T&gt;G/C), and 8428th(C&gt;T) nucleutide sequence of the CYP2A6 gene.Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that there are CYP2A6 variations that found only in infertile male patients.

Trends in the incidence of endometrial cancer among young women in the United States, 2001 to 2017.

5578 Background: Endometrial cancer at this time is predominantly being looked at as a disease of postmenopausal population. Increased obesity has been identified as an important risk factor for endometrial cancer. An overall increase incidence of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma in obese premenopausal women has been reported. A close examination of the relationship between trends in endometrial cancer incidence and obesity prevalence in young women will provide important information for prevention and early screening of the disease and its precursors. This study was to assess current trends in endometrial cancer incidence in women ages 20-29 and 30-39 years in relationship to obesity in the US. Methods: We used data on US adult women 20-39 years old from the National Program for Cancer Registries and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Incidence–U.S. Cancer Statistics 2001–2017 database. This database covered essentially all young female population between 2001 and 2017 in the US (Puerto Rico not included). Incidence was age adjusted to the 2020 U.S. standard population. We also examined the trends in obesity prevalence among females 18-34 years old using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III and NHANES 1999-2014. Results: There were 24,446 cases of endometrial cancer among young adult women aged 20-39 years during 2001-2017. Endometrial cancer incidence increased from 0.6 per 100,000 in 2001 to 1.2 per 100,000 in 2017 (APC 3.6, 95% CI 2.9-4.4) among young women 20-29 years old, and increased from 4.6 per 100,000 in 2001 to 7.5 per 100,000 in 2017 (APC 3.0, 95% CI 2.7-3.3) among women 30-39 years old. Obesity prevalence also increased significantly from 1988-2014 among females 18-34 years old. Incidence of endometrial cancer and obesity prevalence were both higher in Hispanics than in other racial/ethnic groups. Conclusions: The significant increasing incidence in endometrial cancer among young adult women is in accordance with the concurrent increasing prevalence in obesity in young girls and women in the US. This indicates that endometrial cancer screening might need to be considered at much earlier age among patients with abnormal bleeding and certain ethnic populations.

Having the Lower Hand-Investigating Interaction in the Life Course Narratives of Immigrant Women Exposed to Partner Abuse.

Research has documented the considerable hardships immigrant women often face if they want to leave abusive relationships, but the cumulative impacts of such experiences have received insufficient scholarly attention. In response, this study investigates women's difficulties leaving abusive relationships based on life story interviews with 35 immigrant women who experienced partner abuse. Almost all the women originated from "patriarchal belt" countries in, for example, the Middle East and all arrived in Denmark as adults. Using a model of gendered geographies of power, this study examines key interview passages in which the women use dramatized speech to tell about their younger selves' interactions with significant others. These dramatized episodes of interactions emerge as crucial for the interviewees to communicate why they remained in abusive relationships for years and how most finally managed to leave their husbands. The narrated episodes reveal how the women's frequent lack of success in various interactional situations can be attributed to women "having the lower hand"-holding disadvantaged positions in the familial, social, and national hierarchies of power. These hierarchies reinforce each other, for example, when insecure residency status limits immigrant women's options to solicit help from Danish society. The analysis demonstrates that-in contrast to the stereotype of the abused immigrant woman as a passive victim-micro- and macro-level processes may work together to undermine immigrant women's possibilities to act independently at important junctures in their lives. The results also stress the importance that frontline workers have sufficient understanding of immigrant women's predicament and the ability to extend qualified and timely support. Such support can be crucial for abused immigrant women to become able to move away from their violent home environments.

A nonparametric analysis of household-level food insecurity and its determinant factors: exploratory study in Ethiopia and Nigeria

Given the fundamental importance of food to human well-being, understanding food insecurity is crucial for sustainable development. However, due to the complex nature of food insecurity, traditional linear methods of empirical analysis may mask critical relationships between food insecurity and demographic, agricultural, and environmental factors. Here we show, using two years of household-level survey data from Ethiopia and Nigeria, that nonparametric regression (“random forest”, in this study) enables enhanced insight into the factors associated with self-reported food security and household dietary diversity score. We observe nonlinearities and thresholds in the relationships between the measures of food security, livestock ownership, and climatic conditions. The threshold-based relationships suggest that policies aimed at increasing agricultural productivity (e.g., livestock holdings) may only be beneficial up to an extent. While it is intuitive that some level of diminishing returns will exist, our nonparametric analysis could be used as a first step to discern the levels to which policies may be beneficial. Additionally, our results indicate that the random forest (and perhaps nonparametric regression and classification methods more generally) may be especially well-positioned to uncover nuances in these relationships in years with suboptimal climatic conditions (such as during the 2015 drought in Ethiopia). Ultimately, we argue that nonparametric approaches, when informed by existing theory, provide an insightful complement to inform the analysis of agricultural and development policy.