Year-old Infants Research Articles

Delay in the fine-tuning of locomotion in infants with meconium positive to biomarkers of alcohol exposure: a pilot study.

Prenatal alcohol exposure causes a variety of impairments to the fetus called Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Since it is very difficult to identify women that consume alcohol during pregnancy, different methods have been studied to evaluate alcohol exposure. Ethyl Glucuronide (EtG) and Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters (FAEEs) are commonly used to measure alcohol consumption in individuals at-risk for alcohol abuse, including pregnant women. We conducted a study of two cohorts of 1.5 year-old infants (of mothers without a history of alcohol abuse) with or without meconium samples positive to both EtG and FAEEs and we evaluated their cognitive-behavioral development by the Griffiths Mental Developmental Scale (GMDS) method. Our protocol included 8 infants with meconium positive to alcohol metabolites (EtG and FAEEs) and 7 with meconium negative to alcohol metabolites. None of the 8 alcohol metabolites positive meconium infants exhibited distinctive facial features and growth retardation of severe FASD, showing that other factors may contribute to the FASD onset but elevations in EtG and FAEEs in the meconium were significantly associated with disrupted neurodevelopment and adaptive functions within the first year and a half of life. Indeed, we found out that infants with meconium positive for both EtG and FAEEs, although without displaying any FASD morphological features, had a delay in the fine regulation of their own locomotory capabilities. Further analyses and larger studies are needed to estimate the right link between prenatal alcohol exposure and the different range of disorders connected but this study provides an additional step in the field of FASD in order to suggest early treatments for at-risk newborns and infants.

ANALISIS MASALAH KESEHATAN BAYI DAN BALITA DI WILAYAH PESISIR DESA PABEAN ILIR KABUPATEN INDRAMAYU

There are some health issue found in Indramayu signed by high rate of MMR and IMR, and malnutrition that impact human resource quality. The growth and development of the infant and toddler are influenced by genetics, prenatal and postnatal condition, nutrition, and diseases. The high prevalence of malnourished and stunted toddlers in Indramayu in 2019 is quite high affected by socio-economic conditions of their parents. This research aims to analyze infants’ and toddlers’ health problem in the coastal area of Pabean Ilir, Indramayu, in 2019.
 This research used quantitative descriptive method and survey type design. Its population consists of 489 infants and toddlers born in 2019, in Pabean Ilir Village, Indramayu. It used total sampling from primary data with univariate analysis. The results showed that 81 (16.56%) are 0-1 year-old infants and 408 (83.44%) are under 5 years-old toddlers from the population. Both classified population had health problems including 1.65% og them had a history of being born with low birth weight, 46 (9.41%) of them did not come to the posyandu (Regional Public Health Service), 17 (3.48%) of them had incomplete basic immunizations, 13 (2.66%) of them did not experience an increase in weight, 20 (4, 09%) of them did not have KMS, 13 (2.66%) of them had growth status in the yellow line, 27 (5.52%) of them had deviations in development, 4 (0.82%) doubtful development, and 30 (6.14%) ) of them did not receive exclusive breastfeeding.
 The infants’ and baby’s health problems found are newborn infants with LBW, not getting exclusive breastfeeding, not attending Posyandu, not getting complete basic immunization, not having KMS, low weight, health status at yellow line, and have deviations in development. It is expected that health workers, in collaboration with village officials, should enhance promotive and preventive efforts to improve their health status.

The Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Under One–Year-Old Infants in Yazd, Iran

Background: Exceeded weight during the first 1000 days of life can lead to adulthood obesity and health-related problems. In the present study, we aimed to find the prevalence of overweight and obesity and their related demographic factors in the first year of life in Yazd. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, recorded data of 600 infants were collected from health records of eight health centers of Yazd city using the cluster sampling method. Demographic data and socioeconomic status of the family, breastfeeding duration, and birth order were used. Anthropometrics, including height and weight were interpreted by the categorization developed by WHO as length for age and weight for age. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was estimated at 7.3% and 3.5%, respectively. No significant differences were observed between boys (n = 307) and girls (n = 300) (P = 0.15) for weight, while girls had insignificant lower weight (g) (3028.87 ± 496.30 for girls and 3173.72 ± 456.61 for boys). Among different possible determinants, birth order was associated with body mass index status(P = 0.04). Conclusions: A relatively high prevalence of overweight and obesity was observed among infants under one year of age. Although only the order of birth was observed as a related factor, other controllable factors should be considered and monitored by parents and the healthcare system. Further studies are suggested to investigate the related controllable factors.

Implementation of Safe Sleep Practices by Mothers with 0-1 Year-Old Infants

Aim: The sleep environment of an infant affects the likelihood of sudden infant death syndrome and other sleep-related infant deaths. This study was performed to determine the safe sleep practices of mothers with 0–1 year-old infants. Methods: This descriptive study included 204 mothers with 0–1 year-old infants who visited family health centers between October 30 and December 28, 2018. The data were collected using a questionnaire form and evaluated using the number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and chi-squared test. Results: The mean age of the mothers was 28.48 ±5.83 years; 43.1% were primary school graduates and 84.8% were housewives; 53.9% of the infants were girls and 39.2% were 0–3 months old. It was found that 47.5% of the mothers put their infant to sleep in the supine position, 46.1% in the non-supine position, 70.1% on a soft bed, and 76.5% by using a pillow. In addition, 41.2% of the mothers stated that they used pacifiers while putting their infant to sleep, 9.8% stated that they slept in the same bed with their infant, and 92.9% stated that they slept in the same room. Conclusion: It was determined that the mothers performed certain risky practices related to the sleep environment, particularly regarding soft beds’ use, sleeping positions, pillow use, and bed-sharing. It may be recommended that healthcare professionals play an active role and take responsibility in increasing the level of knowledge and awareness of parents regarding safe sleep. Keywords: sleep, infant, mothers, family practice

매체를 활용한 동화구연활동이 만2세 영아의 언어발달에 미치는 영향

본 연구의 목적은 매체를 활용한 동화구연활동이 영아의 언어발달에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 데 있다. 이를 위해 B시에 위치한 어린이집 2곳의 영아 14명을 대상으로 실험집단의 영아에게는 매체를 활용한 동화구연활동을 실시하였으며 비교집단의 영아에게는 그림책 읽기만 실시하였다. 연구효과를 분석하기 위해 사전ž사후에 취학 전 아동의 수용언어 및 표현언어 발달 척도, 수용․표현 어휘력 검사, 1,2세 영아 발달평가도구(교사평정) 내 사회-의사소통영역 검사를 실시하였다. 검사결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 매체를 활용한 동화구연활동은 영아의 수용언어와 표현언어 발달에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 매체를 활용한 동화구연활동은 영아의 수용어휘력 발달에 긍정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 매체를 활용한 동화구연활동은 영아의 의사소통능력 발달에 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 매체를 활용한 동화구연활동은 영아의 언어발달에 부분적으로 긍정적인 영향을 준것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 교육기관에서 영아의 언어발달을 위한 프로그램을 개발하거나 계획을 수립할 때 참고할 기초자료로서의 의의를 가진다.

The effect of short-term particular matter2.5 exposure on asthma attacks in asthma children in Fukuoka, Japan

We investigated whether asthma attacks in asthmatic children were caused by short-term exposure to particulate matter(PM)2.5. Methods Subjects were 411 patients who received inhalation therapy in National Fukuoka Hospital, from March to May 2013. All subjects were outpatients. We surveyed the air quality measurement results in the stations closest to the address of the patients. Data were used from the City of Fukuoka website data on air pollution. We carried out a case-crossover study and compared PM2.5 concentration between 7 days after asthma attack occurred and the day asthma attack occurred and 1, 2 and 3 days before asthma attack occurred. Results Highest hourly concentration of the day (OR 1.013, 95%CI 1.000-1.025) showed a significant association with 1 day before PM2.5 concentration statistically. And 0-1 year-old infants were more vulnerable to the highest concentration of 1 day before PM2.5 concentration(P < 0.05). Average concentration of NO2 and O3 and asthma attack also showed a significant association. Conclusions Maximal daily PM2.5 concentrations within 24 hours prior to the attack affect asthma exacerbation. 0-1 year-old infants are particularly vulnerable to PM2.5 concentration. Asthma exacerbation is aggravated by NO2 and O3 concentration on the day of the asthma attack.

Falls in less than one year-old infants: Management in the emergency department

Abstract Objectives A study was performed in order to describe injuries associated with falls in children aged Patients and methods This was a multicentre, descriptive and analytical study that included all patients aged Results A total of 1022 patients had experienced falls, that is, 0.35% of the emergencies attended in the study hospitals (95% CI, 0.348–0.352). The most commonly affected part was the head (58%). Cranial radiography was ordered in 31.8% of cases, and was associated with the presence of bruising or signs of fracture on examination (p 100 cm (p 50 cm and age Conclusions Injuries after falls in infants aged

OP10.01: Subclinical placental inflammation as a risk factor for impaired cognitive development in early childhood after suspected preterm labour

Our aim was to evaluate whether placental subclinical inflammation biomarkers predict impaired cognitive development in two year-old children after an episode of suspected preterm labour. Two-year-old children who were born late preterm (n=21) or at term after suspected preterm labour (n=16) were compared with at-term control children (n=10). Placental samples were collected immediately after delivery. We quantitatively analysed the mRNA expression of inflammatory markers (IL6, IFNγ, and TNFα). Placental inflammation was defined as the presence of both IL6 and TNFα mRNA expression were over 1.5 MoMs. Neurodevelopment was evaluated at a corrected age of 24-29 months with the use of the Merrill-Palmer-Revised Scales of Development. Inflammation was present in the 10% of the controls, 14.3% of late preterm and 18.8% of term-born after suspected preterm labour placentas. Both term-born and late preterm two year-old infants with signs of subclinical placental inflammation had significantly lower mean scores on global cognitive index (86.71 vs 98.29; p= 0.014), cognition (86.85 vs 97.86; p=0.019), fine motor (89.42 vs 97.08; p=0.08), receptive language (83.28 vs 97.56; p=0.08), active and diligent (74 vs 99.72; p=0.07), and easy temper style (81.71 vs 93.62; p=0.06) subtest. An increased placental mRNA expression of IL6 was correlated with the active and diligent (-0.328; p=0.024) and angry and unhelpful (0.302; p=0.039) subtest. Whereas, an increased mRNA expression of TNF-alfa was also correlate with the cognition (-0.294; p=0.047), adaptive behaviour and self-care (-0.353; p=0.015), fine motor (-0.316; p=0.033), receptive language (-0.294; p=0.047), expressive language (-0.310; p=0.036), active and diligent (-0.310; p=0.034), temperament (-0.306; p=0.038) subtest. Placental inflammation is a risk factor for impaired cognitive development at early childhood age after suspected preterm labour both in term and preterm neonates.

아버지가 지각한 부부갈등이 유아의 문제행동에 미치는 영향: 아버지 양육행동의 매개효과

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of marital conflicts perceived by fathers on preschoolers’behavior problems, and to investigate the mediating effect of paternal child rearing behavior. This study used survey data on 4 year-old infants which was conducted in 2012(5th year) by KICCE. Correlation analysis and structural equation were conducted using SPSS 23 and AMOS 23 for the data analysis, and the results of this study are as follows. First, marital conflicts perceived by fathers and preschoolers behavior problems showed a positive correlation, and they especially showed a greater positive correlation with offensive behavior, anxiety/depression, and other problems. On the other hand, it was identified that paternal child rearing behavior has a negative correlation with marital conflict and preschoolers’behavior problems when paternal child rearing behavior is compassionate and dominant. Secondly, it was identified that warm parenting behavior of fathers mediates the effect of marital conflicts on preschoolers’behavior problems. However, it was verified that the mediating effect of controlling parenting behavior is not significant. On the other hand, it was identified that the mediating effect of warm parenting behavior of fathers has a greater effect on internalized problems than external problems.

Prenatal exposure to phthalates affects bone age in 2 year-old infants

Backgrounds. Phthalates are widely used environmental chemicals with rising concerns on various health effects including abnormal growth and development. Previous studies suggestedantiandrogenic ef...

Characteristics of two year-old infants’ role-playing activity

Characteristics of two year-old infants’ role-playing activity

Obesity Is Associated With Nocturnal And Exercise-related Symptoms, But Not Asthma Severity In Urban Children With Asthma

M O N D A Y 557 International Study of Wheezing in Infants (EISL) phase 3, S~ao Paulo SP, Brazil C. S. Aranda, E. O. Dantas, J. A. Soares, L. Fonzar, A. C. Dela Bianca, G. F. Wandalsen, J. Mallol, D. Sole; Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, BRAZIL, Universidade de Santiago, Santiago, CHILE. RATIONALE: To assess the prevalence and severity of wheezing in the first year of life using the standardized protocol of ‘‘Estudio Internacional de Sibilancia en Lactentes’’ (EISL) phase 3, and to compare them to the previously obtained during phase 1 in the same region. METHODS: Parents of infants who sought primary health care clinics, between 2009 and 2010, answered the EISL written questionnaire (n 5 1335). These data were compared with those obtained previously in phase 1 (n 5 1014), held between 2005 and 2006. RESULTS: Prevalence of wheezing was similar (44.6% versus 46%) between the two phases. When evaluated according to the number of episodes, there was an increase in relation to occasional wheezing (19.4% versus 23%). By contrast, there was a reduction in recurrent wheezing (26.7% versus 21.6%). Regarding the diagnosis of asthma, a significant increase occurred (7.4% versus 21%) as well as hospitalizations for bronchitis (19.6% versus 33%). 231 infants (17%) had pneumonia in phase 3, 193 (14.5%) in the wheezing group and 38 (2,8%) in the not wheezing group. The prevalence of wheezing who had pneumonia was similar (30.8% versus 32%) between the two phases, while the number of hospitalizations for pneumonia increased (15% versus 20%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of wheezing episodes among one yearold infants living in southern-central region of S~ao Paulo was high and early in life. There is also a high prevalence of pneumonia in the groupwith wheezing, which shows a direct relationship between these two serious diseases.

Epidemiology of cow’s milk allergy: has it changed?

Our knowledge about the time trend of cow’s milk allergy prevalence is very limited, however there some indirect data favoring the increase of the cow’s milk allergy prevalence. There are several studies reporting that food allergy is increased among children of all ages, both gender and different races/ethnicities. Several national health surveys in USA recently indicated that food allergy prevalence and/or awareness has increased 18% (z=3.4; p<0.01) from 1997 through 2007. Another study from UK determined that hospital admissions for food allergy rosed from 5 to 26 per million in general population, this was particularly apparent in children where rates rose sevenfold from 16 to 107 per million. There are limited studies focusing on a specific food allergy prevalence. Several studies from UK and USA focusing on peanut showed that the prevalence of peanut allergy doubled in children. However another study searching the time trends of the food-induced anaphylaxis in the pediatric emergency department indicated that the number of visits was increased not only because of peanut–induced anaphylaxis but for multiple food allergens including cow’s milk. Another study from Australia determined four-fold increase of food allergy in 0-5 year-old children from 1995 to 2006. The common triggers of food allergy in Australian children were peanut, hen’s egg, cow’s milk and treenuts and the prevalence of food allergy was increased with time for each food including cow’s milk allergy. A final study from China investigating time trends in the prevalence of food allergy in 0-2 year-old infants from 1999 to 2009 determined that the prevalence of food allergy increased more than 2.2-fold between 1999 and 2009 and the prevalence of cow’s milk allergy increased from 1.6% to 3.5% over a decade. All the studies from different parts over the world support the opinion that the prevalence of food allergy roses and this rise covers the prevalence of the cow’s milk allergy especially in children.

An outbreak of the desert sub-type of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in Jiashi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China

Few outbreaks of the desert sub-type of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) have been described worldwide. In 2008, the incidence rate of VL in Jiashi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in the western part of the People's Republic of China, increased more than twenty-folds compared to the average annual incidence rate. The majority of the cases (96.6%) occurred among < 2 year-old infants. For the first time in the desert area of Xinjiang, the parasites were isolated from bone marrow aspirates, using the NNN medium culture approach. The genetic analysis of the ITS-1 nucleotide sequence indicated that three isolates from eastern Jiashi County were genetically closely related and belonged to the L eishmania infantum group. However, they differed from an isolate from Kashi city which was classified as a member of the Leishmania donovani group.

How mothers with borderline personality disorder relate to their year-old infants

Women with borderline personality disorder have conflictual interpersonal relations that may extend to disrupted patterns of interaction with their infants. To assess how women with borderline personality disorder engage with their 12 to 18-month-old infants in separation-reunion episodes. We videotaped mother-infant interactions in separation-reunion episodes of the Strange Situation test. The mothers were women with borderline personality disorder, with depression, or without psychopathological disorder. Masked ratings of maternal behaviour were made with the Atypical Maternal Behavior Instrument for Assessment and Classification. As predicted, a higher proportion (85%) of women with borderline personality disorder than women in the comparison groups showed disrupted affective communication with their infants. They were also distinguished by the prevalence of frightened/disoriented behaviour. Maternal borderline personality disorder is associated with dysregulated mother-infant communication.

Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in healthy Turkish infants

The aims of this study were to determine nasopharyngeal carriage rates, serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae in healthy 0 to 2 year-old infants who live within a rural or urban locale and not attending daycare centers. In order to evaluate the possible impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in this population, coverage of the isolated serotypes by the vaccine was also calculated. The study was conducted on 564 healthy infants attending 2 different well child clinics, one of which is located in an urban region and the other in a rural region. Specimens were collected with nasopharyngeal swabs. Serotyping was performed with standard antisera. Penicillin susceptibility was determined with E-test. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used for data analysis. The pneumococcal carriage rate was 22.5%. Age (>2 months age) [2.98 (1.41-6.29) p=0.004] and presence of another child within the house who attends school [1.72 (1.13-2.62) p=0.01] increased the carriage rate. The most frequently isolated serotypes were 11 (11.8%), 23 (7.9%), 19F (7.1%), 22 (6.3%), 9 (5.5%), 19 (5.5%) and 23B (5.5%). The total coverage of vaccine and vaccine-related serotypes by 7, 11 and 13 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines were 51.2, 59.0 and 59.0%, respectively. Of the isolated pneumococci, 10 (8.5%) were intermediately resistant and 8 (6.8%) were highly resistant to penicillin. This study provides data about the local carriage rate and serotype distribution of S. pneumoniae strains in Turkish children, which is important in predicting the possible effects of different valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in this population.

1A2-H09 住宅内における乳幼児溺れ防止システムの試作(デジタルヒューマン)

Death due to drowning accounts for about 30% of unintentional injuries of 1 to 4 year-old infants in Japan. This paper describes two kinds of newly developed systems for preventing infants' drowning accident at home. One system is a sensor floor for detecting infant's "access" to bathroom. The other is a wave motion sensor system for detecting "injury occurrence" by monitoring unusual wave motion occurring immediately after drowning occurs. As for the sensor floor, the authors conducted experiments for 21 infants from 0 to 6 year-old. The success rate of detection is 99.2% for a target age group. A new finding related to infant's step is also described. As for the wave motion sensor system, fundamental performance of the system is reported.

Evaluation of Renal Function by Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in Infants with Sickle Cell Anemia.

Chronic anemia and intraparenchymal sickling within the kidney lead to intravascular volume expansion and an increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in sickle cell anemia (SCA). An elevated GFR is considered to be an early indicator of renal damage in SCA, and the pathophysiologic changes leading to sickle nephropathy and elevated GFR likely begin at a young age. The Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial (BABY HUG), an NHLBI-sponsored multi-center double-blinded placebo-controlled study, compares hydroxyurea versus placebo in infants with SCA, with the primary goal of determining the efficacy of hydroxyurea for the prevention of organ dysfunction in the spleen and kidney. In the Feasibility and Safety Pilot, a primary objective is to assess GFR in infants with SCA between the age of 12 and 18 months by measuring plasma clearance of 99m Tc-DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) and by estimating GFR using the Schwartz equation. The DTPA GFR was determined following administration of an IV bolus of 25–50 μCi/kg of the radiotracer, with venous blood samples obtained at 1, 2, and 4 hours. GFR was also calculated using the Schwartz equation: 0.55 x body length (cm) ÷ plasma creatinine (mg/dL). For both measurements, a logarithmic transformation was applied to improve linearity between the variables, and to stabilize the variance of the transformed data. To date, 17 infants with SCA (median age 13.2 months) have had GFR measurements, with no complications occurring. The geometric mean of the GFR (± SD) as measured by DTPA plasma clearance was 112 ± 14.6 mL/min/1.73m2 (range 53–178 mL/min/1.73m2). By regression analysis, the GFR was correlated with age, with an increase of approximately 10% per month (univariate p = 0.006, multivariate p = 0.02), and this correlation could not be ascribed to other age-adjusted changes in hemoglobin concentration (p = 0.35), % fetal hemoglobin (HbF, p = 0.67), white blood cell (WBC) count (p = 0.64), or platelet count (p = 0.76). The estimated GFR calculated by the Schwartz equation was not significantly correlated with age (univariate p = 0.12), and adjustments using hemoglobin, %HbF, platelet or WBC counts did not improve the correlation. There was a modest correlation between GFR determined by DTPA and the Schwartz equation (r = 0.44; p = 0.08). These data indicate that (1) GFR measurement using DTPA plasma clearance is feasible in one year-old infants with SCA; (2) renal damage as measured by an elevated DTPA GFR appears to be present early in life and to be increasing with age; (3) preliminary evaluation of the use of the Schwartz formula indicates only a modest level of correlation with results obtained using DTPA measurements; and (4) in the BABY HUG trial, further evaluation of the efficacy of hydroxyurea in preservation of renal function will likely require DTPA GFR measurements rather than GFR estimates using the Schwartz equation.

The role of joint attention in the development of infants’ play with objects

Year-old infants' play was scored within and outside joint attention with mother and when alone for four levels of maturity: stereotypical, inappropriate relational, appropriate relational, functional. Maternal sensitivity within joint attention was rated on two measures: following infants' interests and scaffolding infants' activities. Infants' play was more advanced with mother than when alone. With mother, infants had more functional and appropriate relational play within joint attention and more stereotypical play outside joint attention, indicating more advanced play within joint attention and more immature play outside joint attention. Functional play within joint attention, but not outside joint attention, correlated with functional play when alone. Mothers' ability to scaffold infants' activities within joint attention may be particularly facilitative to infants' advanced play.

The premaxilla in Neandertal and early modern children: ontogeny and morphology

This comparative study of maxillae in Neandertals, Qafzeh, and extant children examines two specific traits: the premaxillary suture (sutura incisiva) and the interincisive sinuses, proposing a new hypothesis about some features of the Neandertal mid-face.Morphologic study of the premaxillary suture at its different borders (i.e. the nasal aspect of the frontal process, nasal and palatal aspects of the palatal process of the maxilla) indicates a persistence of the suture among very young Neandertal children in comparison to the condition in extant ones. This suggests a longer independence of some parts of the premaxilla in Neandertals. To further examine this possibility, CT scans of two Neandertal children were analyzed: Roc de Marsal, estimated to be about 3 years, and Engis 2, estimated to be about 5–6 years. The results are quite different between the fossils. In the older, the premaxillary suture is represented only by a deep groove. In the younger it extends deep to the surface of the nasal process reaching the Parinaud's canal.Synostosis of the premaxillary suture was found to occur later in Neandertal children than in modern ones. Moreover, we observed the existence of two interincisive sinuses in the fossil children, whereas this is rare in modern children (present on only 2% of our sample of 0–6 year-old infants,n=247).Persistence of an open premaxillary suture represents the potential for an extended period of growth of the Neandertal mid-face. Although no trace of the premaxillary suture remains in adult Neandertals, Neandertals present many features classically considered as consequences of this persistence. The two interincisive sinuses could be a consequence of the labio-lingual diameter of the incisors.The results presented here can be further investigated by additional studies on the cranial sutural system and by precise morphologic observations and CT scans of the mid-face of a larger sample of fossil children.L'étude morphoscopique de la suture incisive selon ses différents sites d'expression (c'est-à-dire la face nasale du processus frontal, les faces nasale et palatine du processus palatin du maxillaire) montre la persistance de la suture chez les très jeunes enfants néandertaliens par rapport aux enfants modernes. Ce résultat permet de supposer que certaines parties du prémaxillaire avaient conservé une individualité plus importante chez les Néandertaliens. Pour approfondir cette étude, nous avons examiné des coupes scanners des maxillaires de deux enfants néandertaliens: Roc-de-Marsal (âgé de 3 ans) et Engis 2 (âgé de 5–6 ans). Les résultats de ces scanners diffèrent entre les deux fossiles. Chez le premier, la suture incisive est ouverte sur toute la hauteur de la voûte palatine et atteind le canal de Parinaud sur le processus frontal alors que chez le second elle est représentée uniquement par un profond sillon.Néanmoins, la synostose de la suture incisive a lieu plus tard chez les enfants néandertaliens que chez les enfants modernes. De plus, nous avons observé l'existence de deux sinus interincisifs sur les maxillaires immatures néandertaliens, l'existence de deux sinus est extrêmement rare sur les maxillaires modernes non pathologiques (seulement 2% des sujets entre 0 et 6 ans).Par conséquent, les potentialités de croissance de la région médiale de la face néandertalienne semblent être favorisées par le premier caractère. Bien qu'il ne reste aucune trace de la suture incisive chez les adultes néandertaliens, ceux-ci présentent un ensemble de caractères classiquement associés à une longue individualité du prémaxillaire pendant l'enfance. La seconde caractéristique pourrait être une conséquence du diamètre vestibulo-lingual des incisives.Cependant, cette hypothèse et les résultats obtenus devront être confirmés par des études complémentaires portant sur le système sutural du crâne, et par l'examen morphologique et scanographique de la partie médiale de la face d'un échantillon plus large de fossiles.