Yb2O3 Concentration Research Articles

Up- and down-conversion photoluminescence properties of Ho2O3 doped YbAG single crystals prepared by optical floating zone method

Single crystals of garnets with composition Yb2.96-xYxHo0.04Al5O12 (x = 0, 2.92, 2.96) were grown by optical floating zone method, and shown by XRD measurements to be in the cubic phase. EDS spectra show that Ho3+ and Yb3+ were homogenously distributed in the structure. As shown by the transmission and absorption spectra, the Yb2.96-xYxHo0.04Al5O12 crystals are highly transparent and can function as excellent optical crystals. Compared to the Y2.96Ho0.04Al5O12 crystal, the Yb2.96Ho0.04Al5O12 crystal has an additional strong broad absorption in the 836–1070 nm range, which increases its absorption of 980 nm photons. The optical band gaps of the Yb2.96-xYxHo0.04Al5O12 crystals decrease with increasing Yb2O3 concentration. Furthermore, differences with Yb2O3 concentrations in the Yb2.96-xYxHo0.04Al5O12 crystals were observed for the first time in the up- and down-conversion photoluminescence. Under excitation with a 980 nm laser, the up-conversion PL spectra of the Yb2.96-xYxHo0.04Al5O12 crystals show several emission peaks at 548 nm, 665 nm and 775 nm, and their intensities increase with Yb2O3 concentrations. In the Yb2.96Ho0.04Al5O12 crystal, Yb3+ not only is a component of the garnet structure, but it also acts as a sensitizer. In regards of down-conversion, under excitation at 454 nm, the down-conversion PL spectra of the Yb2.96-xYxHo0.04Al5O12 crystals show strong emission peaks at 550 nm, and their intensities decrease with increasing Yb2O3 concentrations, which is considered to be the consequence of increasing matrix density.

Optical and γ-ray absorption characteristics of Yb2O3-doped borate based glasses: a step towards understanding the substitution of B2O3/Yb2O3 in the lead borate glass system

The results of this study will help in the development of a novel glass composition containing Yb2O3 concentrations. The impacts of substitution of B2O3/Yb2O3 on the physical, optical, and radiation shielding properties for the B2O3-PbF2-CaO-Li2O glass system were investigated. The glass system was fabricated under melting and annealing temperatures of 1050 °C and 400 °C using the melting quenching method. The density of the fabricated samples ranged between 4.33 g cm−3 to 4.60 g cm−3 with enrichment of the Yb3+ content between 0–8.21 wt%, respectively. Moreover, the enrichment of the Yb3+ ions shows an enhancement in the optical properties of the fabricated glasses where the direct energy band gap enhanced between 4.192 and 4.188 eV and the Urbach energy raised from 0.52 to 0.59 eV with raising the Yb3+ concentrations. The Yb3+ incrementation shows an enhancement in the γ- ray shielding properties where the linear attenuation coefficient was raised by factors of 15%, 6%, and 5% at γ-ray energies of 0.015 MeV, 0.662 MeV, and 1.173 MeV, respectively. Due to the tiny Yb3+ concentration added to the fabricated glass system, the results showed a small increase in the linear attenuation coefficient values in the low γ-ray energy but no significant enhancement in the intermediate and high-ray energies.

Effect of ytterbium oxide on the structure and corrosion resistance of micro-arc oxide coatings of Mg-Nd binary alloys in the natural seawater

MAO coatings were prepared on Mg-0.5Nd by adding four different concentrations of Yb2O3 in the electrolyte. The thickness, microstructure and chemical composition of the MAO coating were characterized. The results revealed that the thickness of MAO coating after adding Yb2O3 reduced 1/2 to the original. But the compactness of MAO coating was improved after adding Yb2O3. The compactness and corrosion resistance of MAO coating were positively correlated with Yb2O3 concentration.

Broadband downconversion in Eu2+,3+/Yb3+ doped calcium aluminosilicate glasses for solar cells applications

Novel Eu2+,3+/Yb3+ co-doping calcium aluminosilicate glasses prepared under a vacuum atmosphere were developed and characterized from the spectroscopic point of view, as a potential spectral converter for application in solar cells. The emission of near-infrared photons by downconversion due to cooperative energy transfer (ET) from Eu2+ and Eu3+ to Yb3+ in these glasses was reported. Absorption, excitation, emission, and fluorescence decay measurements were performed to examine the ET processes. The occurrence of cooperative energy transfer from Eu2+ and/or Eu3+ to Yb3+ ions was discussed in detail. The obtained samples have high efficiency and broad absorption in the ultraviolet and visible regions. Under 325 nm excitation, the samples achieve intense near-infrared emission, which increases with Yb2O3 concentration (0 < Yb2O3 < 1.38 mol. %). The energy transfer efficiency from Eu2+,3+ to Yb3+ was evaluated, and a maximum efficiency of ∼85% was obtained (Yb2O3 = 1.38 mol. %).

Near-infrared rechargeable glass-based composites for green persistent luminescence

The fabrication of Yb3+, Tm3+ co-doped oxyfluorophosphate glass-based composites, with green persistent luminescence after being charged with near-infrared light, is demonstrated. The mechanism responsible for the green afterglow after near-infrared illumination is unveiled. The composite is prepared using a modified melting process to limit the evaporation of fluorine during melting. Intense (blue and ultraviolet) up-conversion emission is obtained by optimizing the Yb2O3 and Tm2O3 concentrations. A heat treatment promotes volume precipitation of Yb3+, Tm3+ co-doped CaF2 crystals. Although the intensity of the blue up-conversion emission from the Tm3+1G4 level is lower in the highly Yb3+-concentrated glass-ceramic due to reverse energy transfer from Tm3+ to Yb3+, the heat treatment leads to an increase of the intensity of the emissions around 346 nm, 361 nm nm and 450 nm coming from the Tm3+1I6 and 1D2 levels. By combining the Yb3+ and Tm3+ ions with SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+crystals, green afterglow can be obtained after charging with near-infrared light.

The Development of Er3+/ Yb3+ Co-Doped Li2O-Bi2O3-Al2O3-B2O3 Glass for Laser and Fiber Optics Applications

The lithium bismuth aluminum borate glasses doped with Er3+ ion (LiBiAlB:Er) were investigated for laser and optical amplifier applications by the Judd–Ofelt and MacCumber theory. The LiBiAlB:Er glass with optimum Er2O3 concentration, 1.0 mol%, then was selected to enhance the luminescence properties by co-doping with the Yb3+ ion. The Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped glasses (LiBiAlB:ErYb) were prepared and studied in the physical, optical, glass network, absorption, and luminescence properties. The glass density tends to increase with addition of Yb2O3 concentration. The FTIR spectra perform the main glass structure which composes of the trigonal BO3 and tetrahedral BO4 borate groups mixing with AlO6 complex. The improvement of absorption coefficient around 977 nm by doping with Yb3+ results in the enhancement of Er3+ emission intensity at 1536 nm wavelength (4I13/2 → 4I15/2). The Yb3+→ Er3+ energy transfer is a significant factor of luminescence development in LiBiAlB:ErYb glass. The MacCumber analysis confirms the high potential for using LiBiAlB:ErYb glass, with Er2O3 1.0 mol% and Yb2O3 2.0 mol%, as an infrared laser medium and a fiber optics amplifier.

Phase composition, structure and transport characteristics of ZrO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=--Sc-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- solid solution crystals additionally doped with Yb-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-

The effect of the co-doped Yb2O3 on the transport characteristics and stabilization of the cubic phase in solid solutions based on ZrO2-Sc2O3 has been carried out. (ZrO2)1-x-y(Sc2O3)x(Yb2O3)y solid solution crystals, where (x=0.07-0.09; y=0.01-0.03), were grown by directional crystallization of the melt in a cold crucible. It is shown that crystals with a cubic fluorite structure were obtained at a total concentration of stabilizing oxides Sc2O3 and Yb2O3 above 10 mol%. At a fixed concentration of Sc2O3, crystals with a total concentration of stabilizing oxides of 10 mol.%, which have the structure of a pseudocubic t''-phase, have the maximum conductivity. Crystals with a total concentration of stabilizing oxides of 10 mol, having a pseudocubic t''-phase structure, at a fixed concentration of Sc2O3, have the maximum conductivity. It is shown that an increase in the Yb2O3 concentration in the field of cubic solid solutions leads to a decrease in the conductivity of the crystals. The (ZrO2)0.9(Sc2O3)0.09(Yb2O3)0.01 crystals have the maximum conductivity in the entire temperature range. Keywords: Crystal growth from melt, zirconium dioxide, solid electrolytes.

Synthesis and up-conversion luminescence properties of Ho3+-Yb3+ co-doped glass ceramics containing Sr3Gd(PO4)3

Ho3+-Yb3+ co-doped transparent glass ceramics containing Sr3Gd(PO4)3 were successfully prepared by the melt crystallization method. The best condition of the thermal treatment was determined to be 780 °C/3 h by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The transmittance of glass ceramic was approximately 81% in the visible region. From to the up-conversion emission spectra, the strong green emission (543 nm), weak red (654 nm) and blue emission (483 nm) due to the 5F4/5S2, 5F5, 5F3 → 5I8 transitions of Ho3+ can be observed. In addition, the optimum doping concentration of Ho2O3 and Yb2O3 was 0.3% and 0.8%, respectively. By comparing 0.3%Ho2O3-0.8%Yb2O3 co-doped with 0.3%Ho2O3 doped glass ceramic, the green and red up-conversion luminescence intensity were improved by about 33 times and 21 times, respectively. These results indicated that Ho3+-Yb3+ co-doped transparent glass ceramic containing Sr3Gd(PO4)3 have potential applications in the field of green up-conversion luminescence.

Upconversion Visible Light Emission in Yb/Pr Co-Doped Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) Single Crystals

As a development on previous research on single crystals of Pr3+-doped yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), we report here the preparation and optical properties of Yb/Pr co-doped YSZ single crystals with different Yb2O3 concentrations. Results from X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy indicated that all of the crystal samples had a cubic phase structure, and transmission was ≥88% in the 550–780 nm range. Photoluminescence (PL) under excitation with a 980 nm laser showed upconversion emission, and several peaks were observed centered on 448 nm, 508 nm, 525 nm, 542 nm, 617 nm and 656 nm. The effects of excited state absorption (ESA), energy transfer upconversion (ETU), cross relaxation (CR), and cooperative energy transfer (CET) on the upconversion luminescence and energy transition mechanism in YSZ crystals were further studied. The fluorescence lifetime of the 3P0 → 3H5 transition at 542 nm reached 207 μs, which shows that the samples are of potential use for laser and fluorescence output.

10 kW-level Output power from a Tandem- pumped Yb-doped aluminophosphosilicate fiber amplifier

In this paper, we present a 10 kW-level output power fiber amplifier based on tandem-pumping. The characteristics of active fiber for amplifier stage is reported. To ensure adequate absorption of tandem pumping light in relatively short fiber length, a large-scale Yb3+ doped aluminophosphosilicate (Al2O3-P2O5-SiO2, APS) fiber with 50 μm core and 400 μm inner-clad in diameter, i.e., a 50/400 Yb-APS fiber, was theoretically designed and experimentally fabricated by using modified chemical vapor deposition system combined with chelate precursor doping technique. The measurements showed that the dopant concentration of Yb2O3, Al2O3, and P2O5 was estimated to be 0.17 mol%, 1.4 mol%, and 1.5 mol%, respectively, and the absorption coefficient of the fiber was about 0.77 dB/m at 1018 nm. The amplifier stage with this 40 m Yb-APS fiber tandem-pumped by 1018 nm fiber laser, delivered 9.82 kW laser output at 1080.08 nm with an optical-to optical efficiency of 86.8%. The knowledge of the characteristics of the Yb3+ doped APS fiber can usefully guide future design of high output power fiber amplifier based on tandem pumping.

The concentration impact of Yb3+ on the bismuth boro-phosphate glasses: Physical, structural, optical, elastic, and radiation-shielding properties

In this study, the concentration impacts of Yb3+ on a series of bismuth boro-phosphate (EBiBPxY) glasses are studied. The compositional investigations are done through FTIR spectra. EBiBP0.25Y glass is the most compact one. The EBiBP2Y glass is found to be suitable for sound-resistant purposes from the atomic packing fraction and acoustic impedance evaluations. Two procedures were used to determine the competence of EBiBPxY glasses to shield gamma radiation (simulation technique and theoretical technique). The R-squared values were obtained as 0.99998–1, which indicates the harmony between the values collected by the two techniques. As the Yb2O3 increases, the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) also increases, leading to the finding that the EBiBP2Y has the biggest LAC at the studied energy ranges. The LAC for EBiBP2Y changed from 97.972 to 0.100 cm−1, increasing the gamma energy between 0.015 and 15 MeV. The obtained values for the half-value layer (Δ0.5) showed that with an increase in Yb2O3, the Δ0.5 reduced. At 15 MeV, the Δ0.5 values decreased from 7.650 to 6.928 cm, raising the Yb2O3 concentration in the glass network between 0 and 2 wt%. The Δ0.5 results emphasized that EBiBP2Y owns the best shielding performance.

Electrical Conductivity, Liquidus Temperatures and Raman Spectra of YbCl3–KCl–Yb2O3 and YbCl3–KCl–NaCl–Yb2O3 Systems

The electrical conductivity of 0.507KCl–0.493YbCl3 and 0.5YbCl3–0.25KCl–0.25NaCl chloride melts with the ytterbium oxide (Yb2O3) additions ranging from 0 to 3.15 mol% was measured depending on both the temperature and concentration of Yb2O3. The liquidus temperatures of the studied systems containing from 0 to 3.35 mol.% Yb2O3 were determined by DSC method and the electrical conductivity measurements. The Yb2O3 additions increase the liquidus temperatures of the systems under study. The high-temperature Raman spectra of chloride (YbCl3–KCl–NaCl) and oxide-chloride (YbCl3–KCl–NaCl–Yb2O3) melts were recorded. In the oxide-chloride melt an additional band was detected in the region of 460 cm−1 corresponding to stretching-vibrations of the Yb–O bond in [OYb3Cln] oxychloride associates. There was no evidence of vibrational bands related to ytterbium oxide. Such changes in the Raman spectrum points to the dissociation of ytterbium oxide and modifications to the local structure of the chloride melt.

Фазовый состав, структура и транспортные характеристики кристаллов твердых растворов ZrO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=--Sc-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- дополнительно легированных Yb-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-

The effect of the co-doped Yb2O3 on the transport characteristics and stabilization of the cubic phase in solid solutions based on ZrO2−Sc2O3 has been carried out.(ZrO2)1-x-y(Sc2O3)x(Yb2O3)y solid solution crystals, where (x = 0.07-0.09; y = 0.01-0.03), were grown by directional crystallization of the melt in a cold crucible. It is shown that crystals with a cubic fluorite structure were obtained at a total concentration of stabilizing oxides Sc2O3 and Yb2O3 above 10 mol%. Crystals with a total concentration of stabilizing oxides of 10 mol%, having a pseudocubic t'' -phase structure, at a fixed concentration of Sc2O3, have the maximum conductivity. It is shown that an increase in the Yb2O3 concentration in the field of cubic solid solutions leads to a decrease in the conductivity of the crystal. Crystals (ZrO2)0.9(Sc2O3)0.09(Yb2O3)0.01 have the maximum conductivity in the entire temperature range.

The impact of Er/Yb co-doping on the spectroscopic performance of bismuth borophosphate glasses for photonic applications

In the current study, a sequence of Er3+-Yb3+ co-doped bismuth borophosphate glasses [EBiBPxY] having the chemical-formula (49.5−x)B2O3 − 20P2O5 − 10LiF − 10PbO − 10Bi2O3 − 0.5Er2O3 − xYb2O3 were synthesized employing the melt-quenching procedure. The structural and compositional studies made by analyzing XRD and FTIR spectra, respectively. The dopant-host bonding-nature is analyzed from the bonding parameters. 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 (green) transition possesses more intensity than the transition 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 (red). The broader peak intensity changes with Yb2O3 concentration. It is owing to the energy-diffusion among Yb3+ and Er3+. The peak is consequent to the transition 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 and appears at 1530 nm. The Judd-Ofelt (JO) parameters are following Ω2>Ω4>Ω6 trend. Eopt, the optical band-gap, is falling with RE3+ content owing to the creation of non-bridging oxygen (nBO's). This implies a rise in the nBO's, possibly will decrease the conduction-band minima and valence-band maxima separation. While scrutinizing the luminescence properties, the radiative parameter values of EBiBP0.5Y glass (corresponds to the 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 as well as 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 transitions) are dominant. The same can be useful for green-laser and broadband optical-amplifier applications.

Plasma‐based VAD process for multiply doped glass powders and high‐performance fiber preforms with outstanding homogeneity

AbstractAn innovative approach using the vapor axial deposition (VAD), for the preparation of silica‐based high‐power fiber laser preforms, is described in this study. The VAD uses a plasma deposition system operating at atmospheric pressure, fed by a single, chemically adapted solution containing precursors of laser‐active dopants (e.g., Yb2O3), glass‐modifier species (e.g., Al2O3), and the silica matrix. The approach enables simultaneous doping with multiple optically active species and overcomes some of the current technological limitations encountered with well‐established fiber preform technologies in terms of dopant distribution, doping levels, and achievable active core diameter. The deposition of co‐doped silica with outstanding homogeneity is proven by Raman spectroscopy and electron probe microanalysis. Yb2O3 concentrations are realized up to 0.3 mol% in SiO2, with simultaneous doping of 3 mol% of Al2O3.

Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and Raman spectra of the YbCl3 - KCl and Yb2O3 - YbCl3 - KCl ionic melts

A direct reduction of solid ytterbium oxides into the metal in molten salts is a promising environmental friendly process. To understand the phenomena, which occur during the electrochemical ytterbium production, data on the structure of ytterbium-containing oxide-salt melts are required. In this study, using ab initio molecular dynamics and in situ Raman spectroscopy, we bring insight on the local structure of these systems by the examples of YbCl3–KCl chloride melt and Yb2O3–YbCl3–KCl oxide-chloride melt with a Yb2O3 concentration up to 2 mol%. We show that there are octahedral species [YbCl6], which, with an increase in YbCl3 concentration, can combine into a weakly bonded network through the bridging chlorine anions. Ytterbium oxide in the chloride melt dissociates to form [OYb3] ionic groups, which are incorporated into the melt structure.

Structural and radiation shielding properties of BaTiO3 ceramic with different concentrations of Bismuth and Ytterbium

This study aims to explore the effect of Bi2O3 and Yb2O3 on the structural and radiation shielding properties of BaTiO3 ceramic samples fabricated by solid-state reaction and high-energy ball milling techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra revealed that the current ceramic samples have a tetragonal phase. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) results showed a peak at 1435 cm−1 for all ceramics that attributed to Ba–Ti–O. Various physical properties like density, packing density, molar volume, and Poisson's ratio were calculated for the prepared ceramic samples. The highest concentration of Bi2O3 (C3) exhibited the highest density values (5.562 g/cm3), packing density (0.630), and Poisson's ratio (0.279), whereas the high concentration of Yb2O3 (C6) had a density of 4.731 g/cm3, a packing density of 0.529, and a Poisson's ratio of 0.237. In addition, different radiation shielding properties were determined by using the Phy-X program for all ceramic samples. The mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ) values for C3 and C6 at 1 MeV were 0.065 and 0.062 cm2/g, respectively. Based on the calculated (μ/ρ), the C3 sample revealed a promising half-value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), and effective atomic number (Zeff). Regarding the neutron shielding properties, the effective removal cross-section (ΣR) values for C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 and C6 were 0.101, 0.098, 0.095, 0.089, 0.88 and 0.085 cm−1, respectively. In this regard, C1 showed the highest ΣR compared with the other prepared samples. In conclusion, C1 and C3 samples have superior neutron and photon shielding features compared with the other prepared ceramics. In light of these obtained results, the fabricated ceramics can be concluded to be very helpful for photon and neutron shielding applications.

Fabrication and 1046 nm laser behaviors of Yb-doped phosphosilicate binary fiber with a pedestal structure

We report a Yb-doped 25/400 phosphosilicate binary fiber with a pedestal structure by conventional modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) technology and solution doping process. Through Ge-doped raised fiber cladding, the fiber provides a low 0.054 core NA. The core dopant concentration of Yb2O3 and P2O5 is estimated to be 0.48 mol% and 7.4 mol%, respectively. It is found that the Yb-doped phosphosilicate binary fiber shows very low photodarkening loss of 3.7 dB/m at 633 nm, and emission spectrum also shows obvious blue shift. Tested in an all-fiber master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) system, more than 3.2 kW laser at 1046 nm is achieved with a suitable 976 nm pump power injected, the slope efficiency is about 85.8%, and the beam factor of M2 is 1.79.

Effect of Yb2O3 stabilizing impurity on the structure and properties of (ZrO2)0.9-x(Sc2O3)0.1(Yb2O3)x crystals

The effect of introduction of 0.5 – 2 mol.% Yb2O3 additional doping oxide into ZrO2 – 10 mol.% Sc2O3 solid solutions on the phase composition, structure and electrophysical properties has been studied. ZrO2 stabilization due to the joint effect of 10 mol.% Sc2O3 and 2 mol.% Yb2O3 provides for the formation of transparent homogeneous crystals with a cubic structure having high phase stability. Mechanical grinding of the crystals has not changed their phase composition, the powders retaining the initial fluorite crystalline structure. We show that the high-temperature electrical conductivity of the crystals decreases with an increase in the Yb2O3 concentration.

Boro-silicate glasses co-doped Er+3/Yb+3 for optical amplifier and gamma radiation shielding applications

Optical materials based glasses started to gain much attention due to its thermal and mechanical stability besides its friendly environment, especially in radiation shielding applications. In this work, we synthesized a series of five glasses using melt-quenching-annealing method. The glasses were synthesized was boro-silicate glasses with the composition of (40−x−y) B2O3 - 10 SiO2 - 10 Al2O3 - 30 ZnO - 10 Li2O - x Er2O3 - y Yb2O3, were (x = 1.0 mol %) and (y = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5). Specific physical properties for those glasses have been measured and calculated based on related formulas. X−ray diffraction has been utilized to study the glassy nature of these materials, Raman spectrometer study was used to explore the structure of the fabricated glasses. Optical properties were thoroughly studied such as optical absorption, and optical band gap. The basic gamma photon shielding parameters for the prepared glasses were reported between 0.015 and 15 MeV. The mass attenuation coefficient for the prepared samples increases as Yb2O3 concentration increases from 0.5 to 2.5 mol%. The highest and lowest values of the effective atomic number were found for 2.5 Yb+3 and 0.5 Yb+3 which contain the maximum and minimum concentrations of Yb2O3. The radiation shielding results suggested that 2.5 Yb+3 is the superior photons attenuator among the B2O3–SiO2–10Al2O3–ZnO–Li2O–Er2O3−Yb2O3 glasses.