Yavatmal District Research Articles

Evaluation of agricultural land resources for irrigation in the cotton growing Yavatmal district, Maharashtra, India

The main objective of this study is to evaluate suitability of shrink-swell soils for surface irrigation system based upon a parametric evaluation system in low irrigation potential (7%) of cotton growing Yavatmal district, Maharashtra, India. The thirty three shrink-swell soil series on basaltic landforms were identified from reconnaissance soil survey on 1:50,000 scale and evaluated for surface irrigation methods using Geographic Information System (GIS). The standard weekwise rainfall data showed that the rainfall is less than 20% of total precipitation during September and December, the top A horizon reaches to wilting point and needs supplementary protective irrigation to cotton based cropping systems . It was estimated that ten soil mapping units (1.8 Mha and 13.89%) of shrink-swell soils on moderate slopes (5 to 8%) were evaluated as suitable for surface methods and calculated the irrigation intervals that vary from 8.61±1.35 days for cotton to 8.9±1.4 days for wheat and 10±1.64 days for sugar cane. The study emphasized the utility of soil resource maps helps to delineate the soils with large PAWC(>200mm) with slight yield advantage and will serve as benchmark sites to monitor the interrelationships of soil water dynamics with respect to climate and cotton yields.

Screening for the sickle cell gene in Yavatmal District, Maharashtra, India: an approach to a major public health problem

Aim of the present study was to determine the feasibility of large-scale population screening for the sickle cell gene in different areas of Yavatmal District. A program designed to detect the sickle cell trait and sickle cell disease has screened 7568 subjects among several villages and in Yavatmal District of Maharashtra State. The subjects were screened by solubility test and positive samples were subjected to cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis, used for the diagnosis of sickle cell disease under the sickle cell disease control program held on Jan 2010 to Dec 2014 by SVNGMC Yavatmal. Among total (7568) samples were screened, 1621 (21.41%) were detected with the sickle cell trait and 978 (12.92%) with heterozygous (Hb AS) and 593 (7.89%) with homozygous (Hb SS) sickle cell disease as well as 259 (3.4%) cases were found with other Hb. Out of total positive cases, 53.30% were female and 46.69% were male. The prevalence was found to be more in age group (1 month to 20 years) compared to other age groups. The caste wise distribution of solubility test confirmed samples were SC-52.06%, ST-20.17%, NT -16.34%, OBC-8.45%, SBC-1.97%, Open-0.98%. The study concludes that the prevalence of sickle cell disease among backward classes in Yavatmal district is more especially in schedule caste (SC) in comparison to general or open category with higher prevalence among female subjects.

Pedotransfer Functions to Estimate Soil Water Retention Characteristics in Major Cotton Growing Shrink-swell Soils of Yavatmal District, Maharashtra

Pedotransfer Functions to Estimate Soil Water Retention Characteristics in Major Cotton Growing Shrink-swell Soils of Yavatmal District, Maharashtra

Land use/land cover change detection using geospatial techniques in Kupti watershed of Darwha block of Yavatmal district, Maharashtra

Land resources in India are under severe pressure and it is widely believed that marginal lands are being brought under plough. The extent of such changes needs to be known for better land use planning decisions. Land use/land cover changes over the period of 15 years (2000 to 2016) were analysed using geospatial techniques in Kupti watershed of Darwha block of Yavatmal district in Maharashtra. The comparison of each class of study over these years showed a significant change in land use and land cover. The ground realities of changes and impact of those changes were verified and ascertained respectively through field observations and site-specific interviews. During 2000 and 2005 period, the per cent area in agriculture class got decreased by 2.2 per cent in the watershed. The second class decrement in all study years was the wasteland area (709 ha) in base year, it was constantly decreasing and now 493 ha in 2016 as it was converted to agriculture land mainly due to encroachment by the farmers or by habitation (49 ha increased from 2000 to 2016). Further, nearly 246 ha of area of waterbody in the watershed got increased during 2000 to 2005. An increase in the forest cover (8 ha) was found in the watershed over 2285 ha within 15 years. Run-off computations also reflected the LULC changes. These findings will help in deciding land use policy for future and its impact on runoff generated from the watershed.

Rapid Assessment of functioning of Rogi Kalyan Samiti in Yavatmal District of Maharashtra State, India

Aim of the present research was 1. To study the structure and functioning of RKS, 2. To study the amount of funds available and revenue generated by the RKS and utilization of funds by RKS, 3. To assess the facilitating and inhibiting factors affecting the functioning of RKS. The study was conducted in Yavatmal District, Amaravati Division in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra State. Using multistage purposive sampling design, 2 SDH, 9 RH and 18 PHCS were selected. The study subjects were RKS members (203 members), clients (5 IPD and 5 OPD patients) and beneficiaries (290 patients). A structured and pre-tested self administered questionnaire translated in local language was used for data collection from RKS members and beneficiaries. The third tool for study was onsite observations by the investigator. Data thus collected was analysed using Stata software version 12.1. RKS was constituted during 2005-2007 with governing body following issuance of government of India guidelines. Biological waste management was carried out at all 29 facilities in the study as per the guidelines from MPCB. All funds were received in time and work wise utilization was done as per the guidelines at all chosen health facilities. 41.9% at PHCs and 21.6% at SDH/RH, RKS members reported difficulties in utilization of funds, more difficulties were faced at PHC than at SDH/RH. (90.1%) RKS members are satisfied with overall functioning and activities conducted by the RKS. However, most of the community members and beneficiaries were satisfied with the provision of good quality of medicine, availability of specialist care, high referral rates and higher investigation.

A Rapid Appraisal of constitution and activities of Rogi Kalyan Samiti in National Rural Health Mission at Sub District Hospital, Rural Hospital and Primary Health Centers in Yavatmal District of Maharashtra State

The present study was carried out with an objective to study the constitution and activities of Rogi Kalyan Samiti (RKS). It is a rapid appraisal study done in Yavatmal District, Amaravati Division in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra State. Using multistage purposive sampling design, 2 SDH, 9 RH and 18 PHCS were selected. The study subjects were RKS members (203 members), clients (5 IPD and 5 OPD patients) and beneficiaries (290 patients). Three study tools were used for data collection- 1. Giving self administered structured questionnaire translated in local language for RKS members, 2. Predesigned and pretested interview schedule was used for beneficiaries (patients), 3. Whenever needed the observations were done by investigator himself and were noted. Data thus collected was analysed using Stata software version 12.1. RKS was constituted during 2005-2007 with governing body following issuance of government of India guidelines. The governing body meetings were conducted per year since inception at the SDH/RH & PHCs. The result of present study indicated that the satisfactory working of RKS in the selected region.

Risk factors for severe acute malnutrition in under-five children: a case-control study in a rural part of India

ObjectivesThe present study was planned to identify some of the risk factors of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in under-five children in a rural part of India. Study designCase-control study. MethodsThe study was carried out in rural areas of Yavatmal district. A total of 737 cases (under-five SAM children) and an equal number of normal controls were included in the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis using a hierarchical model. ResultsThe odds of a child being in the SAM category increased significantly if the family: was below the poverty line, have a kuccha house, have more children in the family, have less rooms in the house, have a working mother, has a mother with a lower level of education, have an unemployed father, did not use any water purification measure, did not always ensure parents washed their hands before feeding a child, did not wash hands with soap and water after defecation, have a father with any addictive habit like tobacco or alcohol consumption, have a maternal height <145 cm, have a maternal weight <45 kg, have a lower age at marriage for mothers, had an institutional delivery, have the same food utilized more than once in a day, have no age-appropriate vaccination, give prelacteal feeds, have a lower frequency of breast feeding, do not use semisolid food during the weaning period, exclusively breast feed for less than four months or more than six months, had low birth weight, have five or more episodes of illness in the previous year, have ≤3 feeds per day apart from breast milk, and not initiation of breast feeding within 30 min of birth. ConclusionRisk factors identified in the present study can be addressed through health system interventions. The strongest association was observed with child feeding practices; thus, more emphasis is required in nutritional education and counselling in strategies to fight undernutrition.

Economics production of Broiler in Yavatmal district

Study titled “Economic of production and Marketing of broiler in Yavatmal district” was conducted in Yavatmal district, twenty-four broiler units of different capacities were selected. Data used was pertaining to period 2014 to 2015. It was found that annual total cost during the year i.e. total fixed cost + total variable cost was Rs.182687.41 Rs.346660.5 and Rs.473841.23 for small, medium and large producers, respectively. Gross income from per broiler production was observed Rs.141.63, 142.66 and 142.91 for small, medium and large producers, respectively. Input-output ratio estimated over variable cost was 1.79, 2.10, 1.89 and over total cost estimated 1.65, 1.70 and 1.76 for small, medium and large unit, respectively. Average per kg price received by producer during year was calculated to Rs.140.11, 140.68, 141.26 for small, medium and large, respectively.

Aquifer wise seasonal variations and spatial distribution of major ions with focus on fluoride contamination-Pandharkawada block, Yavatmal district, Maharashtra, India.

Seasonal variations in groundwater reveal lesser concentrations of major ions except NO3(-) during post-monsoon seasons in shallow aquifers as compared to deeper aquifers. The F(-) concentration from deeper aquifers is high in both seasons and shows a moderate positive relationship with weathering depth and is >5 mg/L in compound lava flow. Groundwater is mainly a Ca-HCO3 type in shallow aquifers and mixed type in deeper aquifers. Fluoride shows a positive correlation with pH, Na(+), HCO3(-) in shallow aquifers and an inverse correlation with Ca(2+) and HCO3(-) from deeper aquifers in both seasons. Approximately 45% of the samples are not suitable for drinking from both aquifers but suitable for irrigation purposes. Rock-water interaction, moderate alkalinity, sluggish movement, and higher residence time are the main causes for high F(-) in deeper aquifers as compared to shallow aquifers. As recommendations, drinking water requirement may be met from shallow aquifers/surface water and fluoride rich groundwater for other purposes. Most effective defluoridation techniques like ion exchange and reverse osmosis may be adopted along with integrated fluorosis mitigation measures and rooftop rainwater harvesting. Supplementary calcium and phosphorous rich food should be provided to children and creating awareness about safe drinking water habits, side effects of high F(-), and NO3(-) rich groundwater, improving oral hygiene conditions are other measures.

“A study financial position of co-operative bank with reference to Yavatmal district Co-Operative Bank Ltd.”

Co-operative banks are deeply rooted inside local areas and communities. They are involved in local development and contribute to the sustainable development of their communities, as their members and management board usually belong to the communities in which they exercise their activities. Working capital management is significant in financial management due to the fact that it pays a pivotal role in keeping the wheels of a business enterprise running. Working capital management is concerned with short term financial decisions shortage of fund for working capital has caused many businesses to fail and in many cases, has retarded their growth. The Yavatmal District Central Co-Operative Bank Ltd. (YDCCB) is one of the oldest Co-operative Bank in the Yavatmal, reputed for its quality services. The researchers try to study the financial position of YDCCB for last four years by analysis working capital position and various ratios.

Landscape planning for agridevelopment at regional scale: an example from cotton growing Yavatmal district, Maharashtra, India

The basaltic landscape planning on the hot semiarid ecosystem in cotton growing Yavatmal district, Maharashtra tends to concentrate on 52 per cent of total cultivated area with 43 per cent of rural families living below poverty line posing major problem for environmental protection and resource management. Concepts of sustainable development at regional-level planning suggested that there is a growing concern for the landscape community to develop a strategic regional agricultural planning perspective in order to assist landscape planning goals. These challenges were explored with particular reference to the cotton growing Yavatmal district in Maharashtra through baseline land resource / agronomic surveys and assessing the production potential of regional rural landscapes for crop planning. Landscape analysis, premised on the geopedological and elevation constructs, culminated in a spatial coverage of hills and ridges (12.6 per cent of total area) in northern and central parts whereas plateaus (29.3 per cent) in association with isolated hills, mesas and butte and escarpments (17.7 per cent), pediplains (28.8 per cent) and plains (8.1 per cent) in south western parts of the district. Regional level analysis revealed spatially variable soil typologies dominated by vertisols and vertic intergrades. An exploration and brief account of integration landscape planning was discussed with some reflections on the experience and highlighting some of the problems and potentials of this approach within the regional context.

Extent of knowledge of improved animal husbandry practices and socio-economical, psychological characteristics of dairy farmers of Yavatmal district of Vidarbha (Maharashtra)

The study was conducted at Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, Maharashtra during 2009-10. The study had been conceptualized with overall objectives to assess the knowledge of improve animal husbandry practices and socio-economical, psychological characteristics of dairy farmers in adoption of improved animal husbandry practices. It is observed that, majority of the dairy farmers belonged to middle age group and obtained secondary education. Majority of respondents were in medium level of family size, land size, herd size, daily milk production, daily milk sale, annual income, social participation, utilization of information sources and attitude. Study reveals that, majority of respondents i.e. 79.04 per cent were in medium category with respect of their level of knowledge of improved animal husbandry practices, followed by high level of knowledge 8.58 per cent and 12.38 per cent in low level of knowledge. The practice wise knowledge study showed that, majority of the respondents had 44.14 per cent complete knowledge regarding health care practices, followed by clean milk production (40.00%), calf rearing (33.73), management (28.66), breeds and breeding (25.47), feeding (22.85), housing (15.91) and marketing (12.85). The least knowledge for Insurance practices (4.66).

Comparative evaluation microbiological qualities of Ashwagandha formulations marketed in Yavatmal district of India

Comparative evaluation microbiological qualities of Ashwagandha formulations marketed in Yavatmal district of India

Emergency Obstetric Hysterectomies at a Tertiary Referral Shri Vasantrao Naik Government Medical College and Hospital of Tribal of Yavatmal District (Maharashtra): Retrospective Critical Analysis (6 Years Study)

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the demographic profile, high-risk factors, fetomaternal outcome, causes and incidence of emergency peripartum hysterectomies at tertiary referral center Government Medical College and Hospital at Yavatmal. Study design Retrospective analysis. Methodology Review of 14 case records of patient who undergone emergency peripartum hysterectomies during the year January 2007 to December 2012. Results During the study period, there were 39,612 deliveries, out of which 14 patients had undergone emergency peripartum hysterectomy (EPH), having an incidence of 0.35/1000 births. There was 1 (7.14%) maternal death and 5 (35.71%) perinatal deaths. The commonest indications noted were atonic PPH 7 (50%), morbidly adherent placenta 5 (35.71%) and rupture uterus 2 (14.28%). Five (35.71%) of these patients had not received antenatal care prior to their hospitalization. Lack of antenatal care and health education indeed a preventable factor that needs to be addressed to reduce maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Identification of high-risk patients, institutional deliveries by expert of risk group and early referral from peripheral health infrastructures are utmost importance in avoiding EPH and reduce maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Emergency obstetric hysterectomy still remains as life saving procedure which every obstetrician must be familiar with it. How to cite this article Rathod AD, Pajai SP. Emergency Obstetric Hysterectomies at a Tertiary Referral Shri Vasantrao Naik Government Medical College and Hospital of Tribal of Yavatmal District (Maharashtra): Retrospective Critical Analysis (6 Years Study). J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(2): 55-60.

Trends in agricultural growth in Amravati division of Maharashtra

The data were collected from different public records of State Governments, Co–operatives and Private institutions. The compound growth rate of area, production and productivity of major crops were calculated at different periods. Therefore, present study indicated that whether the rate of development had been uniform or whether their was any imbalance in Amravati division.There was reduction in area and production under total cereals and cotton in Amravati district. Reduction in area under total cereals was also observed in Buldhana, Akola and Yavatmal district. Area under total food grain was found significantly increasing in Buldhana, Akola and Yavatmal district. There was a positive growth in productivity of cereals, pulses oilseeds food grain and cotton. Area and production of cotton was observed more in Yavatmal district. The production of total food grain was observed more stable in Amravati district.

Study on indigenous food processing practices among Banjara women

The investigation was carried out to identify the processed foods prepared by the Banjara women. The indigenous practices for preparation of these foods were also documented. The study was carried out in Pusad Panchayat Samiti of Yavatmal district of Maharashtra state. For the study, 4 villages were selected viz., Devthana, Bori, Limbi and Aregaon. Many Banjara tandas are situated in these villages and they are scattered. Totally 120 Banjara women veterans (old age women) were selected for the study. After identification of the practices the inventory was made to document the indigenous food practices. Chilwa, Dalya, Fla, Chemotyar Batti, Papda, Soji, Muthia, Salai, Thapda, Khardya, Pindya, Lapsi , Lapda, Kurde, Shengolya, Galwali, Shav, Laptti, Laptti Sar, Wda, Ghugrya, Chola were the indigenous processed foods identified. In the second instance, the indigenous food processing practices of the Banjara community were identified and documented. After identification of the practices, it was concluded that most of the respondents had medium level of knowledge about food processing practices as they were far away from the traditional old indigenous practices.

Design and development of sustainable remediation process for mitigation of fluoride contamination in ground water and field application for domestic use

Decentralised household chemo defluoridation unit (CDU) was developed and designed based on a combination of coagulation and sorption processes. Chemo-defluoridation process was optimised to reduce use of chemicals and increase acceptability among beneficiaries without affecting palatability of water. Chemical dose optimization undertaken in the laboratory using jar test revealed the optimum calcium salt to initial fluoride ratio of 60 for fluoride removal. Performance of CDU was evaluated in the laboratory for removal efficiency, water quality parameters, filter bed cleaning cycle and desorption of fluoride. CDU evaluation in the laboratory with spiked water (5mg/L) and field water (~4.2mg/L) revealed treated water fluoride concentration of less than 1mg/L. Seventy five CDUs were installed in households at Sakhara Village, Yavatmal District in Maharashtra State of India. Monthly monitoring of CDUs for one year indicated reduction of the raw water fluoride concentration from around 4mg/L to less than 1mg/L. Post implementation survey after regular consumption of treated drinking water by the users for one year indicated user satisfaction and technological sustainability.

Georeferenced Status of Cobalt in Soils of Yavatmal District of Maharashtra

The present study entitled Georeferenced Status of cobalt in soils ofYavatmal district of Maharashtra was conducted during 2012-13 at Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Dr. PDKV, Akola with objective to assess the cobaltstatus in soils of Yavatmal district and to study relationship of cobalt with soil properties and preparation of GIS based soil fertility maps of micronutrients. In the Yavatmal district, the cobalt ranged 0.02-1.80 mg kg -1 . Based on critical limit of cobalt (0.25mg kg -1 ) the deficiency was noticed 61.97 percent. The nutrient indices of DTPA-Co were 1.67 respectively. DTPA-cobalt showed negative and significant correlation with soil pH (-0.142**).The calcium carbonate content of soil showed negative and significant correlation with DPTA-cobalt (r=-0.104*). It could be concluded that, in Yavatmal district the soils were found deficient in cobalt (61.97%).

English

Damselflies are frequently used as indicators of environmental health. Their aquatic larvae constitute a natural biological control over mosquito larvae and thus help to control several epidemic diseases like malaria, dengue, filaria etc. Their life history is closely linked to specific aquatic habitats making them an indicator of wetland health (Andrew et al., 2008). Saikheda water reservoir of Yavatmal district, Maharashtra (India) were studied for rainy season from June 2013 to September 2013 of two station of Saikheda dam. A total of 10 species belonging to three families of Damselfly were identified.

Improving Cause of Death Information for Infant Deaths by Application of Verbal Autopsy Tool in India

Objective: To see the usefulness of verbal autopsy and in assessing the cause of deaths among infants and identify gaps in reporting system in 4 PHCs in India. Methodology: The study incorporated all the infant deaths, which occurred in a one-year period from 2nd Jan 2004 to 1st Jan 2005 in Yavatmal district (rural India).This data was compared with the corresponding district data and the gaps in reporting were identified site-wise. Results: Among the 4 health centers under reporting was more than 50% in 2 health centers. The IMR was found to be 59 per 1000 live births in contrast to 38 per 1000, given by the district authorities. Medical certification of cause of death was done in only 12% of deaths. Of all the 90 infant deaths studied, majority (73%) were delivered at home and were attended by unskilled personnel (72%). There were 63% deaths which occurred in the early neonatal period, 13% in late neonatal period and 23% in post neonatal period. In early neonatal period 47% were contributed by both Prematurity and LBW. In post neonatal period mostly infectious causes like ARI contributed for 35% followed by CNS infections (12%). Conclusions: It was seen that the verbal autopsy can be used for two purposes. Firstly, it can help to give information for the health planners to prioritize health services based on the mortality pattern of an area. Secondly the VA can be used for collecting information for action at the local level.