Weft Yarns Research Articles

Investigation of the effects of fabric structural parameters on the roughness of coated fabrics

In this study, the effects of the weave structures used in the base fabric on the surface roughness parameters of coated polyester fabrics were investigated. 100% polyester fabrics woven with different weft yarn densities in the basket, twill, and sateen weave patterns were coated with calcite (CaCO3), a widely used and economical filler in the textile coating. The surface properties of the fabrics were examined by evaluating various surface roughness parameters such as arithmetic average height (Ra), mean height of peaks (Rpm), and mean depth of valleys (Rvm). Warp yarn properties were kept constant to investigate the effect of changes in weave pattern and weft yarn density. Experimental results indicated that surface roughness values changed depending on the weave pattern of the base fabric, warp and weft directions, and weft yarn density. Overall, after the coating process, the Ra, Rpm, and Rvm values decreased in both the weft and warp directions.

Advancing Elastic Warp Knit Fabrics: The Role of Natural Fibers on Functionality

ABSTRACT Elastic warp knit fabrics have long been used in applications such as orthopedic treatment and rehabilitation due to their flexibility and support. Typically, these fabrics incorporate elastomeric yarns in every wale, contributing to their widespread use. This study aims to reduce the weight and cost of these fabrics while maintaining essential properties, including elasticity, flexural rigidity, and compressive performance. Market analysis and literature search show that natural fibers despite their eco-friendly properties are not common in warp knitted elastic fabrics. Therefore, natural fibers such as cotton and linen were used as weft yarns. The use of these natural fibers not only offers environmental benefits but also has potential health advantages. The findings indicate that replacing polyester weft yarn with cotton or linen resulted in higher pressure on the body. Additionally, by partially threading elastomeric yarns, the fabric’s overall weight was reduced without changing performance.

Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Recycled Cotton Denim Fabric

The increasing global demand for denim jeans necessitates sustainable practices in both production and disposal. This study investigates the mechanical properties of recycled cotton denim fabric, focusing on tensile strength, tear strength, and fabric density (GSM), in accordance with international testing standards. Results show a decrease in tensile strength but an increase in tear strength for recycled cotton denim. Specifically, there is a strong positive correlation between the tearing strength of the weft yarns in waste and recycled denim (r = 0.797, p < 0.001). Additionally, the recycled fabric has a higher GSM, indicating improved material density. These findings suggest that recycled cotton denim could be used in various durable products, such as handbags and shoes, promoting sustainability within the textile industry. Limitations include the reduced fiber length after recycling, which necessitated blending with raw cotton to achieve optimal quality. Despite equipment limitations, this research provides valuable insights into the potential of recycling cotton denim. Future work should explore advanced recycling techniques to improve quality and broaden application opportunities.

A comprehensive study on the component properties of hybrid weft yarns and their effects on denim fabric performance

This paper presents impact of the use of hybrid weft yarns on denim fabric performance. It explores the synergy between the mechanical properties of these yarns and their influence on fabric characteristics like elasticity, recovery, and bagging resistance. For this purpose, different types of elastane in different thicknesses, polyester and elastomultiester were used in the production of soft-core and double-core spun yarns. Highlighting significant advancements in yarn production technologies and material selection, the study underscores the potential of these yarns in enhancing the functional attributes of denim fabrics. The results indicated that rather than the type of elastane, the characteristics of the yarn type and core components had statistically significant effects on the performance of yarn and fabric.

Study on the trouser tearing characteristics of airship skin film materials

Abstract In this paper, the tearing properties of Kevlar fiber-reinforced lightweight composite panels are thoroughly investigated through a combination of experimental and theoretical analysis. The research focuses on the tearing strength of airship skin materials, especially on the trouser-tearing behavior of Kevlar materials. By establishing a physical model of a “triangle-like region”, the change of material morphology during trouser tearing is analyzed, and a quadratic model is proposed to describe the tensile elongation of the weft yarn bundle. In the experimental part, the model’s accuracy was verified by the trouser tearing test, and the elastic modulus of the skin material was calculated by generating the tensile force-displacement curve with super test software. The test results show that the material’s maximum tensile load capacity and minimum tensile load capacity. Eventually, by comparing the experimental data with the simulation results, the validity of the established physical model is verified, which provides an important reference for the design and selection of the skin material of the airship.

Damage modes and mechanisms for fine woven pierce SiO2f/SiO2 composite under quasi‐static compression

AbstractFinite element analysis (FEA) for fine woven pierce SiO2f/SiO2 composites quasi‐static compression is conducted in weft and Z yarn directions, strain–stress curves with experiments and FEA are compared, and finite element model proves to be valid. During quasi‐static compression, the strain difference between matrix and fiber rise. As for compression in the weft direction, matrix micro‐cracks increased into large cracks and mainly distribute around warp fibers. The interfacial stress increases and results in interface damage around the warp fiber. The stress fields are superimposed and rise in warp and weft yarns overlapping regions, in which damage modes include matrix cracks, fiber debonding, and breakage. Obvious V‐shaped shear bands are formed on YZ surface. As for compression in the Z‐direction, interfacial stresses around the warp and weft fibers are superposited and strengthened, fibers debonding occurs continuously with increasing interfacial stress; stress field inside composites in the Z yarn gets great, SiO2f/SiO2 composites have greater compression strength in the Z‐yarn direction than that in the weft direction.

PERBAIKAN INSTRUKSI KERJA PATROLI MESIN TENUN SHUTTLE UNTUK PENINGKATAN EFISIENSI PRODUKSI

In general, the weaving manufacturing process at PT XYZ still has low productivity (79%), low efficiency (75%), and low product quality (grade C-). In fact, the company has implemented comprehensive quality control (on materials, processes and products) in the form of patrol inspection work instructions for shuttle loom machines. This research aims to improve or update existing work instructions so that they meet the rules of work instructions that are clear, detailed, easily accessible and comprehensive. Improvements to work instructions are chosen among a variety of other causes because the variables of work instructions and the people who carry them out are relatively easier to do and do not take long time. The selected sample includes 6 types of weaving machines in the production period from January to July 2024. The construction of woven fabrics that are the object of research is the manufacture of woven fabrics from cotton warp yarn and weft yarn with yarn number 40, end per inch 94, pick per inch 70, 50 inch fabric width, plain woven type and 100000 meter fabric length.This production batch needs 36 weaving machine shuttle-type for 49 days. After the work instructions were corrected and the operator was given training to be consistent and correct in carrying out work instructions, there was a change in the quality of weaving production at PT XYZ. The productivity value increased to 81%, the efficiency value increased to 76% and the product grade became C+ grade.

Factors Affecting Traditional Spinning Silk Yarn Quality in the Soppeng Regency, Indonesia, and Optimisation Strategies

Since 1964, one of the livelihoods of the inhabitants of Soppeng Regency has been the cultivation of natural silk for the production of silk yarn products. Currently, the silk yarn production industry is dealing with challenges connected to the low quality of the yarn produced, which can only be utilized as weft yarn in creating silk garments. Soppeng Regency in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, has a rich history of silk production, traditionally serving as a significant source of income for its residents. This natural silk industry has played a vital role in the region's economy in the Donri-Donri District area. This study investigates the factors influencing silk yarn quality in Soppeng Regency's traditional production system, aiming to revitalize the industry. Employing the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), we identified the two most critical leverage factors: silkworm seedling quality (weight: 0.303) and the silkworm rearing process (weight: 0.290). A SWOT analysis positioned the industry in a promising quadrant (I), indicating strengths outweigh weaknesses and opportunities exceed threats (strengths: 0.284, opportunities: 0.139). These findings suggest that improving silkworm seedling quality and rearing methods presents a significant opportunity to enhance yarn quality, potentially leading to increased production and profitability for Soppeng's silk producers. This study shows that improving the quality of silkworm seedlings and rearing methods can significantly enhance the silk industry in Soppeng Regency. This will result in higher quality yarn, increased production and sales, and greater profitability for silk producers. This will benefit the entire industry, creating a positive ripple effect for the local economy. Future research implies comparing the most suitable silkworm breed and the most appropriate rearing method to produce high-quality silk thread in Soppeng Regency.

Multi-protection durable unidirectional water-transport fabric with personalized moisture and thermal management

Multi-protection durable unidirectional water-transport fabric with personalized moisture and thermal management

Industrial production of asymmetric wettability patterned fabric for efficient atmospheric water harvesting

Industrial production of asymmetric wettability patterned fabric for efficient atmospheric water harvesting

Evaluation of the UV Protection Properties of Para-Aramid Woven Fabrics with Various Specialty Core Yarns.

Para-aramid fibers, known for their remarkable strength and thermal stability, are frequently employed in protective textiles for military and aerospace applications. However, continuous exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can damage their protective characteristics. This study analyzes the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) and UV transmittance of woven fabrics produced from 30/2 Ne spun para-aramid yarns in the warp and 10 Ne core-spun yarns in the weft. The weft yarns consisted of three sheath fibers-para-aramid, meta-aramid, and polyester-in combination with different specialty core materials. The results show significant differences in UPF before and after UV exposure, with para-aramid sheaths giving the highest improvement. UV exposure caused structural changes in the fibers, resulting in increased UV protection, particularly in fabrics with para-aramid sheaths. This study concludes that the combination of para-aramid fibers with specific core materials significantly enhances UV protection, making them well-suited for applications in high UV exposure environments.

Finite element parameterization modeling and thermal performance analysis for woven fabrics using unit cell models

Addressing the lengthy testing times, complex procedures, and high costs of current methods for evaluating fabric thermal properties, this study introduces a numerical simulation and prediction approach for determining fabric thermal conductivity and thermal effusivity. Using ANSYS/APDL finite element software, we developed a parametric model to effectively simulate and analyze temperature distribution characteristics across various woven structures, fabric densities, and materials for warp and weft yarns. The thermal conductivity and thermal effusivity of the fabrics were calculated using a unit cell structure model and validated through experimental results. Our findings demonstrate that ANSYS/APDL parametric modeling can be effectively applied to various fabrics with different woven structures, fabric tightness levels, and materials for both warp and weft yarns. The absolute error between the simulated and experimental thermal conductivity results is within 5%, and the absolute error for thermal effusivity is within 7%, indicating a strong agreement between simulation and experiment. Additionally, our results reveal that increasing fabric density leads to higher thermal conductivity and thermal effusivity.

Development of a Novel Three-Dimensional, Adjustable Weaving Reed

Weaving, as a parametric medium, involves various parameters, some of which can be altered while others remain constant. One constant parameter is the right angle between the weft and warp yarns, established by the weaving reed. The reed sets the warp density and the weave’s width. This paper presents a new concept of a three-dimensional, adjustable reed. This reed modifies the weaving structure by changing the density of the weft yarns across the fabric. Our reed is constructed to allow the dents to move forward and backward during the weaving process, with the position maintained by replaceable cardboard stencils. These stencils enable the reed’s dents to form different curves that transfer onto the weft yarns, impacting the weave architecture by allowing the weft yarns to deviate from a perpendicular alignment with the warp yarns. This innovative reed design offers new structural possibilities and properties for woven textiles, exemplified by a series of 3D textiles and a case study of a seamless, fully fashioned skirt. In this study, the weft yarns’ length along the skirt is extended using zig-zag-shaped stencils, resulting in a skirt with an A-line silhouette. The Variable Reed has the potential to improve efficiency by reducing production steps and minimizing waste in the manufacturing of seamless woven garments.

A Gaussian statistics-based unit-cell modeling method for the mechanical behavior prediction of 2.5D shallow straight-link-shaped woven composites

The shallow straight-link-shaped structure of 2.5D woven composites (2.5D-SSLS-WC) is a novel material with a wide range of promising applications, but the randomness of its internal structure has brought challenges to performance prediction and engineering design. The gap of existing unit-cell models in capturing the internal randomness of the 2.5D-SSLS-WC material limits the accurate prediction of properties and the optimization of engineering design. In this work, the modeling method for random unit-cell model based on Gaussian distribution is proposed for 2.5D-SSLS-WC structure considering random distribution property of weft yarns and extrusion effects between structural surfaces and internal yarns during the molding process, which can more effectively reflect the practical mesoscopic structure of the material, reveal the micro mechanical behavior inside materials and provide theoretical basis for material design and performance optimization. The mechanical property and damage evolution of the proposed model is predicted and analyzed using finite element (FE) analysis and progressive damage method. The maximum errors of equivalent stiffness and strength between prediction and experimental values are 6.7% and 2.3%, respectively. The results show that the proposed model has high prediction accuracy and can reasonably reflect the damage extension and ultimate failure mode of the material during the loading process, which verifies the rationality of the proposed unit-cell modeling strategy. The modeling method proposed in this paper provides a new perspective for the in-depth understanding and description of the microstructure and mechanical behavior of 2.5D-SSLS-WC materials, which is of significant theoretical and engineering value and can be extended to the modeling of other woven composites.

A Comparative Analysis of Denim Fabric Performances from Cotton/Polyester Blended Rigid and Stretched Yarns

Cotton and polyester fiber blends are commonly used to improve the aesthetic features of finished items. The denim industry’s growing need for polyester fiber aids in analyzing the performance of denim fabrics woven from rigid and stretched weft yarn combined with cotton and polyester. This study evaluates the weight, dimensional changes, stiffness, tensile and tearing strength, stretch, and comfort properties of denim fabric woven from cotton and polyester in various blended ratios. Here, Ne 14/1 (42 tex) 100% cotton warp yarn and Ne 18/1 (33 tex) weft yarns, consisting of 100% cotton, 75/25, 50/50, and 25/75 cotton/polyester (CO/PES) blends, as well as 100% polyester, were used to produce 3/1 Z twill denim fabric. The weft yarns were categorized into three groups: rigid, core-spun, and dual-core-spun yarns. Experimental results showed a higher polyester content in weft yarn, and denim fabrics’ tensile and tearing strength was improved, whereas fabrics’ weight loss, dimensional changes, and stretch properties were reduced. Furthermore, different statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the type of weft yarn and blending ratio interaction and correlation with fabric properties. Additionally, a regression model was developed with the weft yarn type and blending ratio as independent variables to predict the fabric properties.

Influence of weft yarn distribution on 3D woven composites under impact loading

Influence of weft yarn distribution on 3D woven composites under impact loading

Experimental and numerical validation of high strain rate impact response and progressive damage of 3D orthogonal woven composites

Experimental and numerical validation of high strain rate impact response and progressive damage of 3D orthogonal woven composites

Analyzing the Effect of Yarn Tension, Weft Yarn Type, and Weft Yarn Density on Thermal Resistance, Thermal Conductivity, and Air Permeability of Plain Woven Fabric

ABSTRACT Uncomfortable feelings during wear highly affect human health, work efficiency, and mental satisfaction. This study evaluated the thermal comfort of woven fabrics made from 16Ne ring and rotor spun weft yarns(x1). The other variables involved are warp tensions (x2) of 1 kilo newton (KN) and 2 kN, weft tensions (x3) of PFT/B- and PFT/B+T, and weft densities (x4) of 14 picks per centimeter (PPC) and 18 PPC. Comfort properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal insulation, and air permeability were measured and analyzed. The fabric produced from rotor-spun weft yarn showed better thermal comfort properties than the fabric made from ring-spun weft yarn. The results of the analysis revealed that when warp and weft yarn tension increased and weft density decreased, thermal conductivity and air permeability also increased. However, thermal insulation of the fabric decreased as yarn tension increased. On the other hand, as the weft density increased, the thermal insulation of the fabric increased. Air permeability increased as weft tension increased from PFT/B- to PFT/B+T and it decreased as weft density increased from 14 PPC to 18PPC. The maximum thermal conductivity and minimum thermal resistance were attained at 14 PPC weft density and ring-spun weft yarn.

Experimental study on the blast resistance of polyurea-coated aramid fabrics

Experimental study on the blast resistance of polyurea-coated aramid fabrics

A progressive optimization of axial compression performance of 3D angle-interlock tubular woven composites through textile structure and yarn configuration innovations

A progressive optimization of axial compression performance of 3D angle-interlock tubular woven composites through textile structure and yarn configuration innovations