Textile Yarn Research Articles

Theoretical analysis of research conducted on the assessment of short-time and long-lasting deformation of textile yarns

This article presents an analysis of the studies on short-time and long-lasting deformation of textile yarns. The strength and deformation characteristics of the yarns are inextricably linked. In the textile industry, a lot of experiments have been conducted to study the properties of yarn strength. However, this article mainly contains information such as short-time and long-lasting deformation properties of yarns, deformation detection equipment, and their working principle, deformation properties of mixed fiber yarns, analysis of deformation properties of viscose and polyester fibers under the same load, deformation properties of polyester-wool-spandex blend yarns, regression modeling of deformation properties of yarns obtained from polyester-viscose-regenerated bamboo-cotton fiber blends, textile products studies and comments on recommending yarns with good deformation properties can be found.

TEMPERATURE REGULATING POLYESTER SHORT STAPLE RING SPUN YARNS BY PCM NANOCAPSULE APPLICATION

Phase change materials (PCMs) are thermal energy storage materials and therefore they are used for the manufacturing of heat-storage and thermo-regulated textiles. In this study, it was aimed to produce polyester spun yarns with thermo-regulation function via an alternative capsule application method. In the study, PMMA-co-MAA walled nanocapsules were synthesized by emulsion polymerization method and an alternative capsule application method was used to apply PCM nanocapsules into the staple polyester yarn structure during the yarn production process. Ne 30/1 polyester ring spun yarns with knitted twist were produced and some of the PCM nanocapsule and produced yarn properties were analyzed. According to the results, PCM nanocapsules had dimensions around 200-400 nm, uniform size distribution and spherical morphology. They could store approximately 100 j/g heat and had sufficient thermal resistance. With the developed capsule application method, nanocapsules were successfully applied to spun yarn structure and produced polyester yarns exhibited temperature differences in the range of 2-5 °C compared with undoped reference ring spun yarns. The results of the study indicated that this application method could be an alternative to fabricate thermo-regulating fabric surfaces and such integrated yarn materials have demonstrated promising potential for the production of thermoregulating textile material.

Redesign of the sizing process optimization to produce warp yarn with strong weaving ability

The research focuses on optimization of the sizing process parameters for cotton warp yarn material. The sizing process is a crucial step where warp yarn is coated with a starch solution before weaving. The aim is to produce warp yarn with strong weaving ability, thereby facilitating the entire process. To achieve this, several factors are considered, namely the steam bar, and squeeze roll pressure, including machine speed. The techniques used to address this issue include Taguchi in collaboration with Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) to effectively address multi-responses. In this analysis, the larger the better characteristic was applied to S/N Ratio, indicating that the higher the GRG value, the closer it is to the desired optimum condition. Based on the calculations from S/N Ratio response table for the GRG, it can be determined that factor steam bar pressure was selected at 4 Bar, with an average S/N Ratio value of -2.935. factor squeeze roll should be set to level 10 Km/m3, as it yields an average S/N Ratio value of -2.912. Factors squeeze roll) and C (Machine Speed) were selected at levels 2 (10 Km/m3) and 1 (45 M/Min) with average values of -2.912, and -4.771, respectively.

Electropolymerization of a Conjugated Polymer on Top of a Different Conjugated Polymer for Yarn Actuators

Electropolymerization of conjugated polymers is usually performed on highly conductive metallic electrodes. However, for applications such as textile actuators this is not possible. There, the electropolymerization is performed on a different, previously deposited conjugated polymer. This resulted on some new electrochemical phenomena not present when the electropolymerization is done on a metallic substrate. Processes as the oxidation and overoxidation of the underlying conjugated polymer need to be taken into account. In this work we have investigated the best conditions for electropolymerization of polypyrrole on top of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) coated textile yarns, when the electropolymerization was performed by either cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry or chronopotentiometry in order to achieve the best electroactive and actuating conjugated polymer.

A novel retrieval strategy for colored spun yarn fabrics based on hand-crafted features and support vector machine

The traditional retrieval methods of colored spun yarn fabrics are low in efficiency and accuracy. To solve this problem, this paper proposed a novel retrieval strategy for colored spun yarn fabrics based on hand-crafted features and support vector machine (SVM). First, the SVM classifier was built to automatically classify fabric images. Second, different texture and color features were extracted for solid-color fabrics and stylized fabrics based on hand-crafted feature extraction methods. Third, the retrieval strategy was formulated to realize image retrieval of colored spun yarn fabrics based on the output probability of the predicted sample category. The image database which contains over 6000 images was built to verify the proposed method. Experiments show that the mAP of the proposed method reaches 0.837 and the elapsed time is 0.171 s. Results indicate that the proposed method is feasible and effective, being superior to other methods for image retrieval of colored spun yarn fabrics. The proposed method can provide references for the production crew in the factory to shorten the production cycle and reduce manual labor.

Ti3C2 MXene as Additive for Low‐Cost Textile Supercapacitors with Enhanced Electrical Performance

AbstractTextile‐based energy storage components are paramount for establishing invisible electronic textiles that do not require conventional rigid batteries. A novel and scalable fabrication method is reported for introducing MXene (Ti3C2Tx) into activated carbon (AC) supercapacitors to enhance electrochemical performance. Supercapacitors are prepared within a single layer of textile with a phase‐inverted polymer membrane fabricated within the textile yarn structure to form a porous, flexible, and mechanically durable separator. MXene is introduced in two different forms: 1) A multilayer MXene (m‐MXene)powder is mechanically mixed with an AC slurry and deposited onto the textile. 2) Delaminated MXene (d‐Mxene) nanosheets are spray‐coated onto the surface of spray coated AC electrode. With an organic electrolyte, 1 M tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate in dimethyl sulfoxide, these supercapacitors are electrochemically stable between +/− 2.6 V and demonstrate a maximum areal capacitance of 148.7 mF cm−2, an energy density of 0.921 mWh cm−2, and a power density of 1.01 mW cm−2. The addition of MXenes improves the areal capacitance and by combining both approaches an improvement of 220% is achieved compared with identical supercapacitors with standard AC electrodes. The novelty of this work is to develop a scalable and straightforward solution processing method for introducing MXene into carbon supercapacitor electrodes enabling high‐performance textile‐based energy storage devices.

Stretchable piezoresistive textile yarn strain transducer for low deformation detection

Stretchable piezoresistive textile yarn strain transducer for low deformation detection

Tensile properties of flexible composites with knitted reinforcements from various yarn materials

AbstractThe tensile behavior of a flexible epoxy resin reinforced with knitted reinforcements from various fiber materials was comprehensively studied in the wale and course direction. By measuring dry yarns, temperature‐treated yarns, dry knitted fabrics and flexible composites, the effect of the fiber material and the knitted fabric on the tensile properties was analyzed. The interlock knit structure strongly affected the deformation behavior of the flexible composites which differed significantly from the dry knitted fabrics. The deformation behavior of the flexible composites was monitored using digital image correlation which revealed the formation of cracks and high local strain differences in the course direction for all fiber materials. This was linked to fiber‐matrix debonding by scanning electron microscope observations. In the wale direction, the deformation of the knitted structure under tensile load led to plastic deformation of the matrix material. Overall, with yarns from recycled thermoplastic fibers, a higher maximum stress and strain at break was achieved compared to bio‐based fibers. However, irreversible damage occurred for all fiber materials at similar strain values.Highlights Tensile tests on yarns, knitted fabrics and flexible composites. Investigation of the effect of fiber material on mechanical properties. High local strain differences in composites due to knitted structure. Fiber‐matrix debonding in course direction. Plastic deformation of the matrix material in the wale direction.

Characterization of viscoelastic properties of yarn materials: Dynamic mechanical analysis in the transversal direction

AbstractWarp knitting creates very challenging dynamics due to its high production speeds. On the one hand, this makes it method of choice for many products in various fields. On the other hand, not all materials are suitable for such high productivity. With the current generation of machines being limited to only achieve their maximum speed of around 4,400 min−1with highly elastic yarns, it is desired to gain a deeper insight into yarn behavior in such highly dynamic environments. Among other influences, resonance effects gain high significance as they may result in high loads on the used materials; therefore, yarn breakages interrupt the production and decrease the quality of the product. To extend the material choice, especially high-performance fibers, for high productivity, a deep understanding of the intrinsic properties of the yarn is required. In particular, the viscoelastic properties are of importance. This study proposes a method to determine these characteristics using the dynamic mechanical analysis method. For the purpose of finding the damping in the transversal direction to the yarn axis, the variant of free oscillation is chosen. For the trials, a high-speed camera is suspended above a testing rig. On this rig, a yarn sample is clamped and then displaced from its rest position. The resulting oscillation is recorded and later extracted from the video. From the decrement of the maxima of the amplitude and corresponding time intervals, the damping factor is determined. It decreases with higher initial deflection. Summarised the developed trial setup proved suitable for the determination of the viscoelastic properties in transversal direction.

Supply Chain Management Process of Textile Industry: A Case Study on Bangladesh

This research examines a descriptive analysis of Bangladesh's textile industry's process of export, import, and logistic system for yarn dyeing. Bangladesh's industrial sector, which includes the textile industry, is vital to the country's economic growth. In addition to meeting a significant portion of Bangladesh's foreign demand for clothes and apparel, the textile industry provides for about 100% of the country's internal demand. The textile industry is a complex supply chain that manufactures garments, complements, raw materials, and other items. As a traditional management tool, SCM enables manufacturers to work toward increasing the quality of their products, lowering the cost of their products and services, and speeding up product delivery and reaction times in a highly competitive market. Based on primary data of an organization which is Union Limited, a well-reputed and big textile base organization as well as secondary data from internet databases, journals, review articles, etc., this study was constructed. reduced stocks, reduced costs, increased productivity, more agility, shorter lead times, higher profitability, and increased customer loyalty are all aspects of the textile industry's successful supply chain management. This study discusses the overall processing of how a textile industry imports yarn, and how they deliver the final product to the consumer. This research paper will give the concept of the overall processing of the textile industry of Bangladesh.

A real time detection of polymer type in polymeric materials using fluorescent properties and image processing technique

Identification of polymer type in unknown samples is an important issue in industry, which is accomplished using experimental methods such as spectrophotometric and microscopic methods, as well as measuring the physical and thermal characteristics of polymer. On the other hand, when it comes to industrial level and large sample sizes, aforementioned methods are laborious and costly. A common method to tackle the problem is to use chemical solvents and substances. Substantial use of chemicals, on the other hand, may lead to serious health and environmental issues. Therefore, the aim of this study is to introduce a promising clean, fast and facile approach in identification of polymeric materials that enables industry to bridge traditional process with predictive power of software tools. A special focus has been done on textile polymeric fibers and yarns. To address described issues, polymeric materials have been irradiated under ultraviolet (UV) light source. As a result, an augmented color difference appears between different polymer types, because of their different fluorescent activity. Created color difference was then, detected using a digital camera sensor, which works based on principals of image processing technique in python environment. Experimental observations showed good potential of using optical tools in polymer detection approaches.

Pengendalian Kualitas Produk Songkok untuk Meminimalkan Cacat Produksi Menggunakan Metode Seven Tools

Songkok is an iconic product from Gresik City which is a cultural heritage rich in meaning. Therefore, maintaining songkok quality needs to be done more carefully in order to maintain the integrity of this product in an increasingly competitive industry. Two Pendopo MSMEs are one of the largest songkok producing MSMEs in Gresik. However, this business is facing problems with the number of defective products produced. The purpose of this study is to minimize songkok production defects in MSMEs Two Pendopo. This research uses the seven tools method. With a total production of 4,250 units carried out over 25 working days, it was found that the largest defect was in irregular threads (4.6%). Control charts are used to monitor production variability. Remedial action involves training workers, repair of yarn material, and better environmental conditions. Periodic monitoring and evaluation is implemented to control product quality effectively.

Research on fabric yarn detection based on improved fast R-CNN algorithm

Abstract For the current commercially available fabric yarn detection, which is based on traditional machine vision methods and relies heavily on manually designed features, an improved Faster R-CNN algorithm is proposed in this paper. In this paper, based on the Faster R-CNN algorithm, the deformable convolutional Resnet-50 network is fused to improve the learning ability of woven yarn features. By designing a multi-scale model for the detection of fine features in fabric yarns, a cascade network is introduced to improve the detection accuracy and localization accuracy of woven yarns, and an optimized loss function is constructed to reduce the effect of sample imbalance. Through the experiments of the improved fast R-CNN algorithm for fabric yarn detection, we can find that the confidence level of SSD algorithm detection is 58%, and the confidence level of the original Faster R-CNN algorithm detection is 78%, while the improved Faster R-CNN can not only accurately frame the finesse problem, but also the confidence level is as high as 97%. So this paper, based on the improved Faster R-CNN algorithm, can pinpoint the problem of fabric yarn detection, improve the learning ability of detection, and can meet the current demand for fabric yarn detection in the market.

Mechanical and morphological characterizations of epoxy composites reinforced with surface modified woven cotton structures using vacuum bagging technique

Woven fabric structures facilitate the mechanical interlacement of textile yarns for increased strength, which leads to more balanced mechanical properties in a composite. This study worked on epoxy matrix composites reinforced with surface-modified cotton fabrics of different woven structures. The composites were fabricated using the resin vacuum bagging technique and mechanically characterized for tensile, three-point bending, and impact properties. Surface modification was conducted by alkali treatment using a 6% concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The interfacial adhesion of the various fabric structures and epoxy matrix was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results obtained show that surface-treated composites yielded improved mechanical properties than untreated composites, with improvements of up to 14.4%, 36.2%, and 26.7% for impact, flexural, and tensile strengths, respectively. The different woven structures also significantly affected the mechanical performance of the composite. The composites of plain, herringbone, and twill woven structures presented better mechanical properties compared to the other woven composite structures in that order. The plain-woven composite structure, respectively, had the maximum impact, flexural, and tensile strengths of 80.03 KJ/mm2, 38.6 MPa, and 43.7 MPa. This was closely followed by the herringbone and twill-woven composite structures. SEM results revealed complete impregnation of fibers and a strong interfacial relationship between the thermoset matrix and the treated cotton fabrics in the composite laminate structures produced via the vacuum bagging technique. In conclusion, the study indicated that different weave structures and fiber surface treatments, as well as the vacuum bagging technique used, are of significant importance in enhancing the overall mechanical performance of woven fabric composites.

Surface treatment of PET multifilament textile for biomedical applications: roughness modification and fibroblast viability assessment.

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of tuning the topography of textile surfaces for biomedical applications towards modified cell-substrate interactions. For that purpose, a supercritical Nitrogen N2 jet was used to spray glass particles on multi-filament polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yarns and on woven fabrics. The influence of the jet projection parameters such as the jet pressure (P)and the standoff distance (SoD) on the roughness was investigated. The impact of the particles created local filament ruptures on the treated surfaces towards hairiness increase. The results show that the treatment increases the roughness by up to 17 % at P 300 bars and SoD 300 mm while the strength of the material is slightly decreased. The biological study brings out that proliferation can be slightly limited on a more hairy surface, and is increased when the surface is more flat. After 10days of fibroblast culture, the cells covered the entire surface of the fabrics and had mainly grown unidirectionally, forming cell clusters oriented along the longitudinal axis of the textile yarns. Clusters were generated at yarn crossings. This approach revealed that the particle projection technology can help tuning the cell proliferation on a textile surface.

Lawn-inspired polypyrrole functionalized waste fabrics for chromium removal through a combination of adsorption and interface evaporation

Polypyrrole can effectively remove Cr(VI) from wastewater through electrostatic adsorption, ion exchange, and reduction. However, plenty of residual Cr(III) is still extremely harmful to the environment. In this work, waste fabrics are functionalized with polypyrrole (Fabric@PPy) for removing chromium ions by the combination of adsorption and solar-driven interfacial evaporation technologies. Fabric@PPy exhibited efficient removal of Cr(VI) (146.78 mg g−1) and ultra-high economic benefit (1725.14 mg USD−1). The same treatment method was applied to different fabrics and the removal of Cr(VI) remained consistently at nearly 100 %, which proves the universality of the proposed method in recycled waste fabrics. Based on the plenty of pores and surface hairiness between the waste fabric yarns, the evaporation rate was increased to 1.47 kg h−1 m−2 by enhancing sunlight absorption and water vapor escaping outward. In addition, Cr(VI) and Cr(III) concentrations after evaporative cooling were 0 mg/L and 0.016 mg/L, respectively. More critically, the evaporation rate per unit cost reached 2263.28 g h−1 USD−1. This strategy has the advantages of simplicity, low cost, and easy industrial production, whether it is reducing heavy metal pollution or reusing waste fabrics, it is of great significance.

Pengembangan Sulam Gim Kebaya Pengantin Gaya Surakarta

This research was motivated by the existence of gim embroidery as a Surakarta-style bridal kebaya ornament with all limitations, such as the lack of craftsmen, the high cost of yarn materials, and competition with other ornamental techniques that are more developed. The purpose of this study is to describe the development of gim embroidery on Surakarta-style bridal kebaya. The method used is a qualitative grounded research model. Data were collected through interviews, observations, literature studies, artifact studies, and documentation. Data analysis is conducted interactively through data reduction, presentation, discussion, and conclusions. The results showed that the development of Surakarta-style bridal kebaya gim embroidery had at least three groups, namely the development of materials and techniques that still maintain motifs and patterns according to pakem, the development of motifs and designs that combine the characteristics of Surakarta style and Yogyakarta style, and the development of kebaya forms followed by the development of motifs and patterns. The development that was found can be used as a reference in the development of game embroidery not only in bridal kebayas but also in other forms of revitalization to preserve gim embroidery.Keywords: gim embroidery, Surakarta-style bridal kebaya, development concept.

Characterization of the Viscoelastic Properties of Yarn Materials: Dynamic Mechanical Analysis in Longitudinal Direction

Warp knitting is a highly productive textile manufacturing process and method of choice for many products. With the current generation of machines running up to 4400 min−1, dynamics become a limit for the production. Resonance effects of yarn-guiding elements and oscillations of the yarn lead to load peaks, resulting in breakage or mismatches. This limits material choice to highly elastic materials for high speeds, which compensate for these effects through their intrinsic properties. To allow the processing of high-performance fibers, a better understanding of the viscoelastic yarn behavior is necessary. The present paper shows a method to achieve this in longitudinal yarn direction using a dynamic mechanical analysis approach. Samples of high tenacity polyester and aramid are investigated. The test setup resembles the warp knitting process in terms of similar geometrical conditions, pre-loads, and occurring frequencies. By recording the mechanical load resulting from an applied strain, it is possible to calculate the phase shift and the dissipation factor, which is a key indicator for the damping behavior. It shows that the dissipation factor rises with rising frequency. The results allow for a simulation of the warp knitting process, including a detailed yarn model and representation of stitch-formation process.

Smart and programmed thermo-wetting yarns for scalable and customizable moisture/heat conditioning textiles

Programmable smart textiles with adaptive moisture/heat conditioning (MHC) capabilities are globally being sought to meet the requirements of comfort, energy efficiency, and health protection. However, a universal strategy for fabricating truly scalable and customizable MHC textiles is lacking. In this study, we introduce a scalable in situ grafting approach for the continuous fabrication of two series of smart textile yarns with opposite thermoresponsive wetting behaviors. In particular, the wetting transition temperature can be precisely programmed by adjusting the grafting formula, making the yarns highly customizable. The smart yarns demonstrated excellent mechanical strength, whiteness, weavability, biocompatibility, and washability (with more than 60 home washes), comparable to those of regular textile yarns. They can serve as building blocks independently or in combination to create smart textiles with adaptive sweat wicking and intelligent moisture/heat regulation capabilities. A proposed hybrid textile integrating both the two series of smart yarns can offer dry-contact and cooling/keep-warming effects of approximately 1.6/2.8 °C, respectively, in response to changes in ambient temperature. Our method provides a rich array of design options for nonpowered MHC textiles while maintaining a balance between traditional wearing conventions and large-scale production.

Electrochemical Considerations for the Electropolymerization of PPy on PEDOT:PSS for Yarn Actuator Applications

AbstractElectrochemical devices as conducting polymer‐based actuators or textile actuators often use layers of different conducting polymers. Although research has been performed on such devices, it is still not very clear how the different layers affect each other. Here we attempt to clarify such influence on yarn actuators using electrochemical methods. Different electrochemical methods as cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry or chronopotentiometry were used to electropolymerize polypyrrole on top of a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) coated textile yarns by using different applied electrochemical conditions (potentials/currents). Thus, we found that selecting suitable conditions (as an applied potential of +0.8 V) for such electropolymerization is key to obtain a polypyrrole of high quality. Besides, we show that the underlying layer of PEDOT:PSS has an influence on such electropolymerization conditions and can be subjected to parallel redox reactions as oxidation or electrochemical degradation that influence the electropolymerized polypyrrole.