オオクチイケカツオScomberoides commersonnianus （アジ科）の山口県日本海沿岸からの記録および 若狭湾とその周辺海域に出現するアジ科魚類目録

Pseudopinnixa carinata (Crustacea: Decapoda: Varunidae) is a monotypic rare brachyuran endemic to the Japanese coast. Seventeen specimens of the crab were collected from tidal flats in Yamaguchi and Kochi Prefectures, Japan. The collection from Kochi Prefecture sets a new record from the Pacific coast of Shikoku. A review of P. carinata collection sites and the habitat information revealed that the species is widely distributed in Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu, but has never been collected in the Ryukyu Islands and southern Kyushu. This crab inhabits intertidal to subtidal sandy sediments with its deepest record being at 55 m depth. Several studies have shown that the crab was collected from sediments where burrowing invertebrates were abundant. Crabs have been found inside burrows of the echiuran Urechis unicinctus, the gebiidean shrimp Upogebia sakaii, and the axiidean shrimp Nihonotrypaea japonica by digging sediments. In this study, some specimens were pulled out from the burrows of N. japonica and other callianassid shrimp species as well as those of the polychaete Arenicola brasiliensis by yabby pumps.

山口県には，上部三畳系から白亜系までのさまざまな環境で堆積した中生界が分布し，それぞれから特徴的な化石群を産出する．上部三畳系カーニアン階に対比される美祢層群は，海成相と非海成相の繰り返しよりなり，非海成相の桃ノ木層中には豊富な植物化石群や日本最古の昆虫化石群が含まれている．田部断層をまたいで南北に分布する中・下部ジュラ系・豊浦層群のうち，黒色葉理泥岩よりなる西中山層からは，プリンスバキアン階～トアルシアン階を特徴づけるアンモノイド化石群が産出する．本巡検では，まず美祢市歴史民俗資料館に保管されている美祢層群産化石コレクションを見学する．そして美祢市から下関市まで山口県西部を移動しながら山口県を代表する中生代化石産地である美祢層群と豊浦層群の岩相や化石の保存・産状を観察する．

調理・加工した山口県産トマト、ナス及びカボチャの抗酸化性

Geology of Late Cretaceous caldera cluster in central part of Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan

High-precision radioisotopic ages for the lower Midian (upper Wordian) Stage of the Tethyan time scale, Shigeyasu Quarry, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan

Detection of a novel tick-borne flavivirus and its serological surveillance

Arrupakiyoshiensis Tsukamoto & Shimano, sp. n. is described from a limestone cave, Kagekiyo-ana, in Akiyoshi-dai, one of the largest karst regions in Japan, Yamaguchi prefecture. It is distinguishable from 14 valid named congeners by some unique characteristics including entire areolation on the cephalic pleurite, elongation of distal part of female gonopod, and a tubercle on forcipular segment II. In addition, the 18S rRNA gene sequences of A.akiyoshiensis Tsukamoto & Shimano, sp. n. and A.ishiianus, one of the most morphologically similar species, differed by four bp out of 1821 bp. The fact that only troglobionts and troglophilic species are found in the collection site suggests that this new species might be a cave-dweller.

【目 的】がん検診の受診に関して，年齢や性別に加え，高齢化や過疎化といった地域特性も考慮して現状の分析を行い，がん検診の受診率向上に資する提言を行うこと．【対象と方法】山口県がん登録の2008～2014年のデータの内，胃がん，大腸がん，肺がんの年齢31～80歳の男女25,044例を抽出し，発見時進展度，発見経緯，医療圏内発見率等について解析を行った．【結 果】いずれのがんも61歳以上が80%近くを占めた．発見経緯で検診等を契機に診断された例では早期が多かった．年齢層が上がるほど検診等の割合が減る一方，他疾患観察中の割合が増えていたが，検診等の患者では，年齢層が上がっても早期割合は維持できていた．医療圏域内受診率は年齢層が上がるほど高くなっていた．【考察と結論】高齢者で検診等による発見割合が低下する要因の一つに定年退職による受診勧奨システムの変化が考えられた．がん罹患率が急増する高齢者にこそ重点的積極的な勧奨が必要で，効果が期待されるかかりつけ医からの勧奨に加え，退職手続きの場や，地域保健の中での勧奨，高齢者でも検診発見例は早期が大多数を占める等の魅力的な事実の提供等，きめ細かい対策が求められる．

A new species of capsalid monogenean, Benedenia armata n. sp., is described from Lethrinus haematopterus Temminck & Schlegel (Perciformes: Lethrinidae) from off Danjo Islands, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. The new species differs from other species of Benedenia Diesing, 1858 in that the common genital atrium has spines and the vas deferens has two swellings. Lethrinus haematopterus has been considered as the type-host of Benedenia ishikawae (Goto, 1894) based on the local name 'Kuchibi-dai'. However, this name refers not only to L. haematopterus but also to L. nebulosus (Forsskål), and L. haematopterus examined in this study was not infected by B. ishikawae. Further study is required to determine the type-host of B. ishikawae and to redetermine the species of Benedenia that are parasitic on Lethrinus spp. in the type-locality of B. ishikawae (Hagi, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan).

The Current Situation and Role of the Agricultural College in Assisting the Students for Employment at Agriculture in Yamaguchi Prefecture

Reviewed by: Others in Japanese Agriculture: Koreans, Evacuees and Migrants 1920–1950 by Yasuoka Ken'ichi Tessa Morris-Suzuki Others in Japanese Agriculture: Koreans, Evacuees and Migrants 1920–1950. By Yasuoka Ken'ichi. Translated by Teresa Castelvetere. Kyoto University Press/ Melbourne: Trans Pacific Press, 2018. 374 pages. Hardcover, ¥4,100/ A$84.95. Particularly since the 1990s, the once-prevalent images of Japan as an ethnically homogeneous nation have been subjected to extensive scholarly scrutiny and criticism. [End Page 127] Many studies have shed light on the presence of colonial migrants in Japanese towns and cities and on the struggles of Okinawans, Ainu, and other minorities for recognition. But the critique has rarely extended to rural village society in Honshu, Kyushu, or Shikoku. The image of agriculture and farm villages as relatively homogeneous bedrocks of Japanese tradition, therefore, remains strong. Yasuoka Ken'ichi's meticulously researched study—originally published in Japanese in 2014—offers a powerful challenge to that image.1 Examining the transwar period from the 1920s to the start of the 1950s and focusing mainly on rural areas of Kyoto Prefecture and surrounding regions, Yasuoka explores the histories of various groups of "others" whose presence has complicated the modern history of the Japanese village. In doing so, he sheds powerful new light on Japanese agricultural history as a whole. The most eye-opening section of this study is its relatively long first chapter, which explores the story of Korean migrants in Japanese agriculture. As Yasuoka demonstrates, although the colonial-era flow of Korean migration into Japan was mostly directed toward urban industrial areas, by the 1930s substantial numbers of Koreans were also working as farm laborers. The total number of Koreans engaged in agriculture was not very great when compared to the total size of Japan's rural population, but in some areas Koreans constituted a significant percentage of the workforce of landless agricultural laborers, particularly of sakuotoko and sakuonna (farm laborers employed on a yearly basis). For example, Yasuoka calculates that by 1930 Koreans accounted for 31.9% of these farm workers in Yamaguchi Prefecture and 40.3% in Nara Prefecture (pp. 32–33). As Japan slid further into war in the late 1930s—and as Japanese farmers left the land to join the military, migrate to the colonies, or work in urban war industries—a growing number of Korean farm laborers obtained leases on abandoned farmland and began to establish a more permanent presence in rural villages. A few even became rural landowners in their own right. This seriously alarmed the Japanese authorities, who perceived the villages as wellsprings of ethnic purity from which the next generation of warriors would be born, but the rhetoric of naisen ittai—"Japan and Korea as one body"—made it difficult for them to condemn the trend in public. Yasuoka's careful study of Terada village in Kyoto Prefecture shows how Korean tenant farmers and their Japanese landlords and neighbors interacted and how preexisting local institutions were adjusted in response to the changing rural social structure. After Japan's defeat in war, many of the Korean farmers returned to the Korean Peninsula, but some remained, their presence becoming an issue of controversy during the postwar land-reform process initiated by the Allied Occupation. The "others" who feature in this book, though, are not necessarily non-Japanese. Yasuoka also highlights how intranational and cross-border mobility affected Japanese villages in other ways, creating various categories of "outsider" whose presence enhanced social dynamism but also sometimes gave rise to social tensions. The first of these groups, examined in Chapter 2, consisted of the wartime evacuees from urban or suburban areas who flooded into farm villages in huge numbers during the [End Page 128] Asia-Pacific War. The scale of this human movement was indeed staggering: some five million people moved out of the major urban evacuation zones nationwide, and two and a half million were evacuated from Tokyo alone. Yasuoka reminds us of the sufferings of these evacuees, who often found themselves unemployed, isolated from friends and family, and living in harsh and unfamiliar conditions. But here, as in his discussion of other groups of "outsiders," he is also at pains to...

山口県中央部，徳佐-地福断層で新たに確認した活断層露頭

Development of a Picture Book Presenting the Local Specialty of Yamaguchi Prefecture and Its Evaluation by Kindergarten Teachers

Characteristics of flood and land slide disasters in eastern part of Yamaguchi Prefecture by heavy rainfall in July 2018

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are the leading causes of acute respiratory illness in children. Clinical burden of each infection on the respiratory distress in asthmatic patients remains unclear. The purpose of the study was to clarify the effect of these infections on the severity of asthmatic children in the seasonal outbreaks. A total of 1,217 pediatric inpatients with hMPV (n = 114) or RSV (n = 1,103) infection in Yamaguchi prefecture, Japan, between 2011 and 2014 were enrolled. Bronchial asthma was defined as having more than 3 episodes of wheezing illness over 1 year of age. Infection was determined by the positive antigen test for each virus in the nasal specimens. The number of patients peaked at age 12-15 months in hMPV infection and at age 0-3 months in RSV infection. The proportion of hypoxic patients (40-50%) did not differ at any age between hMPV-infected and RSV-infected children. In the analysis of date from > 1 year old patients with hypoxia, hMPV-infection group was older (P = 0.036), and more frequently had history of asthma (P = 0.015) or abnormal chest roentgenogram (P < 0.001) than RSV-infection group. Multivariate analysis indicated that the hypoxia-associated factors were history of asthma in both hMPV (odds ratio [OR]: 15.8; P < 0.001) and RSV infections (OR, 2.2; P = 0.005), higher body temperature in hMPV infection (OR, 2.2; P = 0.009), and younger age in RSV infection (OR, 1.4; P = 0.004). Outbreaks of hMPV, rather than, RSV infection may have a greater impact on the development of hypoxic respiratory illness in asthmatic children.

Natural hybrids among pufferfishes belonging to the genus Takifugu have been reported occasionally, yet very little is known about their toxicity. To study the tetrodotoxin (TTX) distribution in the bodies of natural hybrids, 10 putative hybrids between Takifugu rubripes and Takifugu porphyreus, which differ in the toxicity of the skin (the former is hardly toxic whereas the latter shows high toxicity), were collected from the coastal waters off Yamaguchi and Shimane Prefectures and used for genetic and biochemical analyses. Genetic identification of parental species using amplified fragment length polymorphism and mitochondrial DNA markers revealed that five and four individuals were F1 hybrids between T. rubripes females and T. porphyreus males and those of the opposite cross, respectively. In addition, the remaining hybrid was a first-generation backcross to T. rubripes. Quantitative analysis of TTX by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection showed that the skin of F1 hybrids has TTX, differing from T. rubripes, suggesting the possibility of a dominant mode of inheritance of toxicity of the skin. TTX was detected in the muscle of F1 hybrids only between T. porphyreus females and T. rubripes males, albeit at a low concentration of < 0.1–1.1 µg/g. The TTX concentrations of toxic tissues of the one backcross individual were within the range of variation of those of T. rubripes.

2009（平成21）年7月21日の記録的な豪雨により，山口県防府市を中心とする地域の480箇所以上の渓流で土石流が発生した。本研究では，顕著な土石流災害発生地区の一つである石原地区の土石流が発生した扇状地端で，防府市域中央部を南流する佐波川の氾濫域に位置する箇所でジオスライサーを用いて連続試料を採取し，同地区の地盤構成が河川性・湖沼性堆積物が主であり，それに土石流堆積物薄層が挟在する結果を得た。また，新旧土石流堆積物の形成年代をそれに含まれる炭化物に対する放射性炭素年代測定値から推定し，石原地区では氾濫堆積域に到達した土石流が2009年の土石流を含め，1230年以降に少なくとも4回以上生じていたことを突き止めた。

ABSTRACTThrough the story of the Second Kiheitai, a militia formed in the 1860s in the southeastern corner of the Chōshū domain (today’s Yamaguchi Prefecture), this article charts a local perspective on the Meiji Restoration and its commemoration. It explores a series of tumultuous events involving the unit, created in what is today Hikari City in advance of the Tokugawa punitive expedition marshaled against Chōshū in 1866. The article also examines ways in which, influenced by the growing militarism of the age, municipal and national leaders appropriated memories of the unit in the closing days of the Pacific War. During the 1960s, some of the same leaders again commemorated the Second Kiheitai, this time as part of plans for economic expansion in the area. In addition, the article charts some of the ways that the people of Hikari today view the significance of the Second Kiheitai and, by implication, the Meiji Restoration overall, amidst an expansive, prefectural tourism campaign coinciding with the Meiji sesquicentennial.

The Japanese rat snake (Elaphe climacophora) is a common species in Japan and is widely distributed across the Japanese islands. An albino mutant of the Japanese rat snake ("pet trade" albino) has been bred and traded by hobbyists for around two decades because of its remarkable light-yellowish coloration with red eyes, attributable to a lack of melanin. Another albino Japanese rat snake mutant found in a natural population of the Japanese rat snake at high frequency in Iwakuni City, Yamaguchi Prefecture is known as "Iwakuni no Shirohebi". It has been conserved by the government as a natural monument. The Iwakuni albino also lacks melanin, having light-yellowish body coloration and red eyes. Albino mutants of several organisms have been studied, and mutation of the tyrosinase gene (TYR) is responsible for this phenotype. By determining the sequence of the TYR coding region of the pet trade albino, we identified a nonsense mutation in the second exon. Furthermore, RT-PCR revealed that TYR transcripts were not detected in this snake. These findings suggest that mutation of TYR is responsible for the albino phenotype of the pet trade line of the Japanese rat snake. However, the Iwakuni albino did not share this TYR mutation; thus, these two albino lines differ in their origins.