Yamagata Prefecture Research Articles

Estimation of Primary Infection Period of Apple Scab in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan

Estimation of Primary Infection Period of Apple Scab in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan

Characterizing the Seasonal Occurrence and Preferred Hosts of Drosophila suzukii and D. pulchrella in Yamagata Prefecture

Characterizing the Seasonal Occurrence and Preferred Hosts of <i>Drosophila suzukii</i> and <i>D. pulchrella</i> in Yamagata Prefecture

Relationship between yield loss of paddy rice made in 2018 in Yamagata Prefecture and the weather conditions

Relationship between yield loss of paddy rice made in 2018 in Yamagata Prefecture and the weather conditions

Predicting Effects of Logging Systems and Bucking Strategies forPrivately Owned Sugi (&lt;i&gt;Cryptomeria japonica&lt;/i&gt;) Plantations in Atsumi District, Tsuruoka City, Yamagata Prefecture

Predicting Effects of Logging Systems and Bucking Strategies forPrivately Owned Sugi (&lt;i&gt;Cryptomeria japonica&lt;/i&gt;) Plantations in Atsumi District, Tsuruoka City, Yamagata Prefecture

Distribution of Radioactive Caesium from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant in Seabed Sediment from Offshore Niigata Prefecture and Yamagata Prefecture

Distribution of Radioactive Caesium from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant in Seabed Sediment from Offshore Niigata Prefecture and Yamagata Prefecture

“Uradome” treatment for prevention of snow damage and terrain parameters of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) forest in Tsuruoka, Yamagata Prefecture

ABSTRACTMoso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) is cultivated for edible bamboo shoot production in Japan. Yamagata Prefecture is located in a heavy-snowfall region at the northern limit of the cultivated area. However, snow damage to bamboo culms occurs every year and decreases bamboo shoot production. “Uradome” is a treatment that involves cutting off the upper portion of the new culms when the bamboo shoot is almost fully grown. We studied the effect of “Uradome” implementation on incidence of snow damage to bamboo culms. In addition, we investigated terrain characteristics of bamboo forest at sites where snow damage occurred. As a result, the higher the degree of “Uradome” was, the lower the damage rate was. Furthermore, the results revealed that implementation of “Uradome” prevents snow damage to culms. It is considered that snow damage may be prevented by rendering the culm shape straight as a result of “Uradome”. The results also indicated that snow damage is more likely to occur on steep slopes. Factors that influence the incidence and severity of snow damage are considered to differ between Japan and other countries. Therefore, it is desirable to adopt preventative measures against snow damage, such as the “Uradome” method, irrespective of the local climate and terrain.

森林小流域における降水および渓流水の水質モニタリング －釜淵森林理水試験地における2000 ～ 2014年の結果－

森林小流域における降水および渓流水の水質モニタリング －釜淵森林理水試験地における2000 ～ 2014年の結果－

Nighttime Landscape Lighting Creation with Housing and Roads in Kaneyama, Yamagata Prefecture

Nighttime Landscape Lighting Creation with Housing and Roads in Kaneyama, Yamagata Prefecture

A case of laboratory cross-contamination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis identified using comparative genomics.

Two false-positive tuberculosis (TB) cases in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan, 2016. To report the effectiveness of comparative genomics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for identification of cross-contamination cases. Case report of laboratory cross-contamination. Beginning with detection of an identical genotype in two M. tuberculosis strains using variable number of tandem repeat typing, we suspected M. tuberculosis cross-contamination of specimens collected in a mycobacteriology laboratory based on epidemiological investigations. This suspicion was confirmed using comparative genomics of the two M. tuberculosis strains and a strain from an epidemiologically unrelated specimen from the same batch as the two strains in the mycobacteriology laboratory. All strains had an identical genomic sequence with no single nucleotide variants. Comparative genomics, which offers the highest discrimination power, is a potent tool for identifying laboratory cross-contamination using epidemiological investigations.

Incidence and Characteristics of Bath-related Accidents.

Objective Bath-related sudden cardiac arrests frequently occur in Japan. This study aimed to describe the actual incidence and characteristics of bath-related accidents, including non-fatal events, and to establish the etiology of bath-related sudden cardiac arrest. Methods This prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Tokyo Metropolis and Saga and Yamagata Prefectures between October 2012 and March 2013. Emergency personnel enrolled events in this study when they recognized that activation of the emergency medical system was related to bathing. Surveillance cards were delivered and collected from the emergency personnel and attending physicians. Results In total, 4,593 events were enrolled (1,528 cardiac arrests, 935 survivors in need of help, 1,553 patients with acute illnesses, and 577 patients with injuries) in this study. In the group of survivors in need of help and with acute illness, consciousness disturbance and lethargy without any organic disease were recognized as the main symptoms. Acute coronary syndrome and stroke were infrequently diagnosed. Of the survivors, 30% had a body temperature above 38°C. Their consciousness level significantly correlated with their body temperature. Emergency personnel reported that 79% of sudden cardiac arrests were from victims whose faces were submerged in the tub water, while 18% of survivors had their faces submerged in the tub water. Conclusion This study revealed that accidents, including non-lethal events, frequently occur. The key symptoms were consciousness disturbance and lethargy characterized as a functional disorder and accompanied by an elevated body temperature. Those findings suggest that heat illness during hot water immersion causes drowning.

Triangulation scale error caused by the 1894 Shonai earthquake: a possible cause of erroneous interpretation of seismic potential along the Japan Trench

Horizontal crustal strain in the Tohoku area during the twentieth century based on triangulation showed N–S extension and E–W contraction was not significant. This feature was one of the reasons why the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake was unexpected for many scientists. The first triangulation conducted in the late nineteenth century used a length scale defined by baseline surveys, direct measurements of short (2–10 km) baselines with steel rods. The Shionohara baseline in the Yamagata prefecture was measured in May–July 1894 and the 1894 Shonai (M7.0) earthquake occurred in its western neighbor 3 months after the measurement. The earthquake possibly elongated the baseline by as large as 5 cm or 10 ppm. However, the original length measured before the earthquake was used for the network adjustment of the entire triangulation network, causing extensive underestimation of the length scale of the network as large as 5–10 ppm in northeast Japan. The scale error effect was comparable to tectonic deformation signal over 100 years. The baseline length was re-surveyed in 2012, 1 year after the Tohoku-oki earthquake, and the result is consistent with the hypothesis of scale bias considering interseismic deformation.

The Largest Measles Outbreak, Including 38 Modified Measles and 22 Typical Measles Cases in Its Elimination Era in Yamagata, Japan, 2017

The incidence of modified measles (M-Me), characterized by milder symptoms than those of typical measles (T-Me), has been increasing in Japan. However, the outbreak dominated by M-Me cases has not been thoroughly investigated worldwide. The largest importation-related outbreak of measles with genotype D8 occurred in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan, from March to April 2017. This phenomenon was observed after Japan had achieved measles elimination in 2015. We confirmed 60 cases by detecting the genome of the measles virus (MeV). Among the cases, 38 were M-Me and 22 were T-Me. Thirty-nine (65.0%) patients were 20-39 years of age. Three out of 7 primary cases produced 50 transmissions, of which each patient caused 9-25 transmissions. These patients were 22-31 years old and were not vaccinated. Moreover, they developed T-Me and kept contact with the public during their symptomatic periods. Considering that M-Me is generally caused by vaccine failure, some individuals in Japan may have insufficient immunity for MeV. Accordingly, additional doses of measles vaccine may be necessary in preventing measles importation and endemicity among individuals aged 20-39 years. Furthermore, to accurately and promptly diagnose individuals with measles, particularly those who can be considered as primary cases, efforts must be exerted to detect all measles cases using epidemiological and genetic approaches in countries where measles elimination had been achieved.

山形県小国地域周辺の「大蛇伝説」と斜面崩壊・天然ダムの形成

山形県小国地域周辺の「大蛇伝説」と斜面崩壊・天然ダムの形成

Current status of natural spawning of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta in rivers with or without hatchery stocking on the Japan Sea side of northern Honshu, Japan

Information on the status of natural spawning is needed on the Japan Sea side of northern Honshu, Japan for ecosystem-based sustainable management of chum salmon resources. We conducted on-site visual surveys in October–December of 2015 and 2016 that targeted spawning chum salmon redds in all rivers > 5 km long (total 94 rivers) in Akita, Yamagata, Niigata (including Sado Island), and Toyama prefectures. The ratio of rivers found to host natural reproduction to the total number of surveyed rivers was 93.6% (44/47) in stocked rivers and 74.5% (35/47) in non-stocked rivers. These results show that there is a wide occurrence of natural reproduction of chum salmon in these rivers, regardless of the history of hatchery stocking. The density of spawning redds (number of redds/1000 m2) as an indicator of chum salmon escapements did not differ (P = 0.54) between stocked rivers (mean 3.5, N = 49) and non-stocked rivers (mean 2.4, N = 36),when rivers where no redds were observed were excluded from the analysis. These results suggest that chum salmon escapements into non-stocked rivers may not be negligible. Conservation measures for wild fish are needed in stocked and non-stocked rivers to promote enhancement programs based on natural reproduction.

水稲新品種「つや姫」導入後の山形県におけるイネいもち病のレース分布

水稲新品種「つや姫」導入後の山形県におけるイネいもち病のレース分布

山形県におけるAcidovorax valerianellaeによるアケビ斑点細菌病(新称)の発生と数種植物に対する病原性

山形県におけるAcidovorax valerianellaeによるアケビ斑点細菌病(新称)の発生と数種植物に対する病原性

地方珪藻誌（1）最上川支流新井田川（山形県酒田市）

地方珪藻誌（1）最上川支流新井田川（山形県酒田市）

The Movement and Challenges of the New Tourism Making Use of “Public Interest”: “Public Interest Tourism”: Focusing on the Case of Sakata City, Yamagata Prefecture

The Movement and Challenges of the New Tourism Making Use of “Public Interest”: “Public Interest Tourism”: Focusing on the Case of Sakata City, Yamagata Prefecture

Operational situation - 2MW woody biomass gasification power plant

Construction of woody biomass power generation plant has become very active recently. Large scale plant of 5MW size has been widely introduced in the past, while expectation and interest for smaller scale plant of less than 2MW size has been increasing because of a fact of the difficulty of woody materials collection and the higher power sales price under the FIT system. The steam turbine power generation system has been widely adopted in many large-scale plants in Japan, but has a problem of the low power generation efficiency if adopted in small-scale plant of 2MW size. This report introduces the 2MW plant where adoption of gasification & engine system realizes the same power generation efficiency as the large-scale plant. This plant, situated in Nagai city, Yamagata prefecture, started its operation in July 2017 and has been running satisfactorily since then.

Characteristics of Some Sugar Beet Cultivars in Yamagata Prefecture and A Simple Sugar Manufacturing Method in Small Scale

Characteristics of Some Sugar Beet Cultivars in Yamagata Prefecture and A Simple Sugar Manufacturing Method in Small Scale