21st Century Research Articles

Basic Education Curriculum under the Newly Implemented K to 10 (MATATAG) Curriculum in the Philippines: The Case of Science Education

Curriculum reform is essential to address the current needs of the community, nation, and global demands. By doing this, community members are equipped with relevant skills and competencies that are timely and relevant in modern times. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the nature of the newly implemented K to 10 or MATATAG curriculum under basic education-science in the Philippines. Discussion of the topic revolves around understanding the reasons for curriculum reform and determining the new features and competencies of the new basic education-science curriculum. Moreover, document analysis was carried out to address the objectives of the study. Results revealed that there are four main reasons why curriculum reform is needed in basic education in the country. Reasons include poor performance of learners in national and international assessments, congested curriculum, insufficient time to teach, and mismatch of prerequisite skills and knowledge assumed by the learning competencies. In terms of new features of the basic education science curriculum, the addition of technology and engineering literacy is highlighted, along with an addition of theoretical foundations and approaches to teaching. The analysis further revealed that the highlighted competencies are aligned with the relevant skills and competencies needed in the 21st century, Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0. Thus, it can be concluded that the newly implemented basic education science curriculum is responsive to global demand, thus making the country more resilient and adaptive to change.

Portrayal of Woman in Mulk Raj Anand’s the old woman and the cow and Arundhati Roy’s "the Ministry of Utmost Happiness

The arrival of a woman is like the first light of dawn, dispelling the shadows. She has the power to dispel any anxiety that arises from mental shadows, like the sun that illuminates the world. Essentially, life begins with women. The fact that women are the ones who brought this universe into being is an undeniable fact. A strong belief in women's inherent worth as human beings is fundamental to feminism. It identifies shifts in cultural norms that repress women and works to alter those norms. Feminism examines and analyses the repressed position of women in a socio-political setting by pursuing such an effort. Equal rights and status for women are the goals of this movement. The Indian author Mulk Raj Anand also wrote short stories. The Indian social fabric is something that Arundhati Rao has a keen eye for. As a revolutionary spark for the litterateurs of the twenty-first century, he fights for the rights of the marginalised and oppressed. In his books, Anand depicts the impoverished people of India in a realistic light. This article uses Arundhati Rao's The Ministry of Utmost Happiness (2017) as a lens through which to examine Mulk Raj Anand's 1960 novel The Old Woman and the Cow via the feminist topic of gender inequalities. There is a noticeable trend in modern English-language literature towards works written by Indian women. From a societal and personal perspective, this study examines the achievements of Indian women.

Innovative Assessment Practices Aligned with India’s National Educational Policy-2020

The National Education Policy -2020 [1] is the latest education policy of India, which strives to achieve benchmarks in the development of the educational scenario of India leading the students towards achieving the aspirational goals of 21st century education. NEP 2020 advocates for multidisciplinary education, multiple entry-exit and research-based programmes which mandates for a swift transition from traditional methods of assessment to innovative assessment techniques which would be more flexible, comprehensive and competency-based that would ensure a deeper understanding of subject matter than just memorizing facts. It aims to promote critical and higher order thinking and applying their knowledge to real-world situations. The primary objective of the article is to throw light on some non-traditional and innovative assessment techniques that align with the vision of NEP 2020. The researchers have employed the content analysis approach to explain these innovative techniques such as- experiential learning, holistic education, present opposite’s point of view, plot a family tree, Adaptive Learning Assessment and so on. However, further research may enlighten more such approaches according to the changing scenario in the global context and a comprehensive guide to apply these techniques.

Enhanced generation of internal tides under global warming.

A primary driver of deep-ocean mixing is breaking of internal tides generated via interactions of barotropic tides with topography. It is important to understand how the energy conversion from barotropic to internal tides responds to global warming. Here we address this question by applying a linear model of internal tide generation to coupled global climate model simulations under a high carbon emission scenario. The energy conversion to high-mode internal tides is projected to rise by about 8% by the end of the 21st century, whereas the energy conversion to low-mode internal tides remains nearly unchanged. The intensified near-bottom stratification under global warming increases energy conversion into both low and high-mode internal tides. In contrast, the intensified depth-averaged stratification reduces the modal horizontal wavenumber of internal tides, leading to increased (decreased) energy conversion into high (low)- mode internal tides. Our findings imply stronger mixing over rough topography under global warming, which should be properly parameterized in climate models for more accurate projections of future climate changes.

Re‐examining insolvency law and theory: perspectives for the 21st century. By Edited by EmilieGhio, JohnWood, JenniferGant (Eds.), (1st ed) Cheltenham: Elgar. 2023. pp. 312. £115. ISBN: 978‐1‐80392‐875‐3

Re‐examining insolvency law and theory: perspectives for the 21st century. By Edited by EmilieGhio, JohnWood, JenniferGant (Eds.), (1st ed) Cheltenham: Elgar. 2023. pp. 312. £115. <scp>ISBN:</scp> 978‐1‐80392‐875‐3

An Investigation into Educated Women's Perceptions of the family's Influence on Women's Education in 21st Century India. A Comparative study

The role of the family in society is evolving in the social environment, especially in the urbansector. A woman's ability to choose a job is being facilitated by education. The percentage of Indianwomen who attend school is now higher than the global average and rising. Family support and loftyemployment goals are to blame for this. Indian women have benefited from education to some extent,and many of them have earned higher degrees and are employed in a variety of fields. The researcher inthis work examined how educated women in 21st-century India perceived the impact of the family onwomen's education.

The Migration Intersections Grid: An Organizing Framework for Migration Research in and through the Twenty-first Century

For this special issue of the International Migration Review, we develop and provide a comprehensive organizing framework, the Migration Intersections Grid (MIG), to inform and guide migration research in and through the remainder of the twenty-first century. We motivate our work by conducting a high-level scoping review of summaries and syntheses of different directions of travel in migration research over time. Informed by these results, we then identify and describe 12 components that constitute the MIG, which, as we later discuss, is an interactive intersectional organizing framework. Finally, we illustrate the MIG's interactive intersectional nature by applying it to several areas of migration research where a comprehensive organizing framework of this sort is needed to address existing and emerging issues and questions now and in the coming decades.

Revolutionizing Antiviral Therapeutics: In Silico Approaches for Emerging and Neglected RNA Viruses.

The 21st century has shown us how rapidly the pandemic can evolve and devastate the life of human beings without differentiating between the continents. Even after the global investment of billions of dollars into the healthcare sector, we are still lacking multiple therapeutics against emerging viruses. World Health Organization (WHO) has listed a number of viruses that could take the form of pandemics at anytime, depending upon their mutations. Among those listed, the SARS-CoV, Ebola, Zika, Nipah, and Chikungunya (CHIKV) are the most known viruses in terms of their number of outbreaks. The common feature among these viruses is their RNA-based genome. Developing a new therapeutic candidate for these RNA viruses in a short period of time is challenging. In-silico drug designing techniques offer a simple solution to these problems by implementing supercomputers and complicated algorithms that can evaluate the inhibition activity of proposed synthetic compounds without actually doing the bioassays. A vast collection of protein crystal structures and the data on binding affinity are useful tools in this process. Taking this into account, we have summarized the in-silico based therapeutic advances against SARS-CoV, Ebola, Zika, Nipah, and CHIKV viruses by encapsulating state-of-art research articles into different sections. Specifically, we have shown that computer- aided drug design (CADD) derived synthetic molecules are the pillars of upcoming therapeutic strategies against emerging and neglected viruses.

Humanitarian diplomacy and the countries of the Global South: Trends and discourses

In recent years, discussions about the essence of humanitarization and humanization of international relations have intensified due to the aggravation of economic, social, and ethical problems against the background of a sharp deterioration in the international situation, particularly in the Global South. This paper aims to identify the specifics and provide a comparative analysis of the approaches of both the developed and developing states of the North and the South to the formats, content and purpose of humanitarian diplomacy in contemporary world politics. The first section examines academic discussions on the issues of humanitarian diplomacy. The authors highlight two main approaches in foreign and Russian international political studies to addressing the humanitarian problems of the Global South — an objectal and a subjectal ones. The former is typically associated with the developed countries of the Global North and is rooted in the practices of the colonial era. The latter gained prominence in academic research in the 21st century with the emergence of the ‘new donors’, which promoted joint development programs led by the countries of the Global South and built on regional financial institutions. At the same time, the authors note that academic research tends to focus primarily on the dynamics of aid flows and conditions for development assistance, while a number of current trends in the humanitarian diplomacy remain understudied. These trends are examined in the second section of the article. The authors emphasize the growing trend towards transnationalization and privatization of humanitarian diplomacy, active involvement of non-state and hybrid actors. The third section outlines the key features of humanitarian diplomacy of the leading countries of the Global South (China, India, Turkey), as well as that of the ASEAN states and Arab monarchies. The authors identify several general principles of humanitarian diplomacy shared by the countries of the Global South: a broad, pluralistic understanding of the humanitarian agenda to include cultural, scientific, academic, and youth policy issues; commitment to the ideas of solidarity and humanitarian cooperation (instead of the donor-recipient model); normative neutrality of the humanitarian policy; adherence to the principles of state sovereignty.

Korelasi Antara Konstitusi dan Kekuasaan dalam Mempertahankan Nilai Nilai Konstitusi

Lack of adequate legal protection for people in Indonesia, social injustice, and social and economic inequality between regions and groups of people, which results in injustice in the distribution of resources and services as well as social welfare, and limited human rights. The research method is descriptive qualitative, which is commonly used in constitutional research including: Literature study, document analysis, conducting discussions with relevant political experts and actors and then conducting content analysis. The results of the brief review, namely the Study of the Constitution in Indonesia, are very important in understanding the legal and political basis of the Indonesian state. Constitutional Studies students must have 21st century skills such as an understanding of basic concepts in the constitution, the ability to analyze issues related to the constitution, the ability to identify weaknesses in constitutional documents and the ability to propose changes needed for the progress of the Indonesian state. In the controversy over choosing to return to the original 1945 Constitution or remain in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, it is important for us to have a deep understanding of constitutional documents and issues related to them as well as the ability to think critically to consider the arguments of each party. It is important for us to apply and implement the current UUD in accordance with the spirit and principles contained therein for the advancement of the Indonesian state.

Ethnodemographic processes in Crimea at the beginning of the 21 century

The purpose of the study is to identify the features of ethno-demographic processes in Crimea during the first two decades of the 21st century. The work is based on statistical and cartographic research methods. The nature of ethno-demographic processes in the territory of Crimea in the period between the population censuses of 2001 and 2021, which saw a change in the political subjectivity of the peninsula, was determined by the growth in the number and share of the Russian and Crimean Tatar population. At the same time, there was a significant reduction in the size and proportion of the Ukrainian population, caused by both migration outflow and a change in ethnic identity. In addition, the study was able to identify an important spatiotemporal component of ethnodemographic processes in Crimea during this period – the increasing concentration of the main ethnic communities (Russians, Ukrainians and Crimean Tatars) in the southern part of the peninsula.

Is Islam Still a Threat to the West? The 21st Century Perspective

Is Islam Still a Threat to the West? The 21st Century Perspective

A review of electrodynamic tether missions: Historical trend, dimensionless parameters, and opportunities opening space markets

More than half a century after pioneering theoretical works proposed them, about 27 missions with long orbiting conductors have been carried out on suborbital and orbital flights,. The analysis of this review work organized them based on type of tether (insulated or bare), type of cathode (hollow cathode, expellant-less cathode, and no cathode), and the cross-section of the tether. It shows that, while all the missions in the 20th century used insulated and round tethers, the bare tether concept clearly dominated in the 21st century. Due to the cancellation of the ProSEDS mission and the suborbital character of the T-REX experiment, no tether mission with a bare tether and a hollow cathode has been on-orbit demonstrated. The E.T.PACK mission, planned by 2025/2026, can be the first on-orbit experiment testing such special EDT system, which is the one offering the largest propulsive performance. Therefore it can represent a turning point for the limited support received for the technology in the 21st century, confirmed by the fact that the total tether length used in the missions reduced from more than 40 km to less than 4 km between the 20th and 21st centuries. The study finds and discusses some important dimension-less parameters related to electrodynamic performance, current collection, and dynamic characteristics of the ProSEDS PROX-1, TEPCE, and E.T.PACK missions. Finally, some ideas to promote the opening and support of markets in the space sector by using electrodynamic tethers are provided.

A Study of Patriarchy and Misogyny in the Context of Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s The Forest of Enchantments

The Ramayana penned by Valmiki around 200 BCE is regarded as his magnum opus and is held in esteem as one of the greatest epics in history. Consisting of 24,000 shlokas or verses, it has served as a basis for moral conduct and gallantry for humans around the world. However, in recent times, there have been concerns about its supposed promotion of patriarchy. With feminists feeling that the epic has suppressed the voices of its female characters, numerous adaptations have emerged. The Forest of Enchantments by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni is one such work, which aims to advocate the suffering of its female lead, Sita. The aim of this article is to analyse instances of feminism, gynocentrism and misogyny in the above-mentioned work and also to argue and support the claims that the condition of women since all those years ago has not changed. It critically examines the actions and thought processes of the author’s myriad characters, extracts the values from them and endeavours to relate it with the condition of women in the twenty-first century. The article does not make a comment on the original epic written by the revered Valmiki, all conclusions drawn are based on The Forest of Enchantments alone.

Nothing but a Humbug: P.T. Barnum, Charles Dickens, and the Construction of National Identities in a Living Archive

Abstract: Even as the Victorians attempted to stabilize British national identity through institutional ownership of cultural property, Britishness remained a protean, imagined construct. This essay shows, through a new narrativization of the auction of Shakespeare's birthplace in 1847, that the purportedly kitschy and fake aspects of Barnumesque, new-money America were paradoxically also constitutive of Britain's own nationalism. In the spring of that year, newspapers advertised that Shakespeare's birthplace in Stratford-upon-Avon would soon go up for public auction. Rumours immediately began circulating that the American showman P.T. Barnum, who had recently barnstormed through England with the "Greatest Show on Earth," was intent on purchasing the birthplace for his menagerie of cultural oddities. In opposition to this foreign threat, a full-blown rescue campaign, driven by British media fearmongering, was launched in order to save Shakespeare's home "for the nation." Soon, these efforts drew in Britain's own premier showman of the 1840s, Charles Dickens. The nineteenth-century popular press's mythologization of these events, and the myth's subsequent recapitulation in the twenty-first century, is emblematic of the way national-infused archives wind and unwind in a double-spooled temporality. As I renarrativize archival materials associated with the auction of Shakespeare's birthplace, I proffer a different model of American and British nationalisms that points to their symbiotic development and perpetual reinvention. Ultimately, I suggest, we can learn from the Victorians' reinvention of their own history that the nineteenth-century archive is not a stable point of origin but rather a point of departure for questioning our national heritage and understanding the ways in which we inscribe the past with our present.

The effect of concept mapping in nursing education on critical thinking motivation: A path analysis

BackgroundThe integration of concept mapping into nursing education represents a pivotal strategy aimed at enhancing critical thinking skills, which is a necessity in navigating the complexities of healthcare. This educational tool's role in stimulating students' analytical abilities and motivation towards critical thinking has become increasingly relevant in preparing nursing professionals for the dynamic challenges of their field. ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to examine how the implementation of concept mapping affects critical thinking motivation among nursing students, investigate the relationship between them, and support its use as an innovative educational strategy in the field of nursing. DesignThis study was conducted using a descriptive and exploratory design. MethodsThis research was carried out between May and June 2023, involving 435 nursing students. For data collection within an online classroom framework, the study applied a trio of tools: the Student Descriptive Information Form, the Scale for the Effectiveness of Concept Maps in Nursing Education, and the Critical Thinking Motivation Scale. The analysis of the compiled data was undertaken utilizing SPSS version 25.0 and JAMOVI software, with statistical significance set at a p-value of <0.05. ResultsEngagement in social/scientific activities, library usage, and book reading habits were positively correlated with higher scores on both the Critical Thinking Motivation Scale and the Scale for the Effectiveness of Concept Maps in Nursing Education. Notably, concept mapping significantly enhanced critical thinking motivation among the participating students, as evidenced by the path analysis (β = 0.758, R = 0.563, p < 0.001). ConclusionThe findings underscore the significant role of concept mapping in elevating critical thinking motivation among nursing students, suggesting its strategic inclusion in nursing curricula to meet the evolving demands of healthcare education in the twenty-first century.

System of legal regulation of international air transportation

The Warsaw Convention of 1929 for the unification of certain rules of international air transport is the basis of the legal regulation of international air transport. Agreements supplementing the Warsaw Convention: Hague Protocol of 1955, Guatemala Protocol of 1971 amending the Warsaw Convention, Guadalajara Convention of 1961, Montreal Protocol for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air (1975). The Montreal Interim Airline Agreement of 1966, the Montreal Agreement of 1999. The set of norms of these agreements as a whole constitutes the Warsaw System of Regulation of International Air Transport. IATA – a special non-governmental organization, an association of airlines of ICAO member states – is responsible for determining the specific conditions of international air transportation. On May 28, 1999, a significant event took place in the field of international private air law: as a result of the three-week work of the Diplomatic Conference on Air Law held at the ICAO headquarters with the participation of representatives of 121 states and 11 international aviation organizations, the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of International Aviation Law was adopted of air transportation (Montreal Convention of 1999), which defines the basic legal conditions of international air transportation in the 21st century. Scientific and technical progress, the rapid development of international air transport, the increase in the safety of its operation made it necessary to expand the scope and more clearly regulate the responsibility of the carrier. This international Convention is designed to provide firm legal guarantees and an adequate level of compensation to persons injured as a result of aviation events, to create a uniform and clear legal regime of responsibility of air carriers for failure to preserve cargo, baggage and delay during their transportation on international lines. On November 4, 2003, the Montreal Convention entered into force. Among the participants of the Convention are such countries as the USA, Japan, Canada, China, the countries of the European Union, including Ukraine. The article examines the early development of the aviation industry and the role of the Warsaw Convention in the construction of rules and mechanisms aimed at protecting the interests of both the carrier and the passenger or cargo owner. The development of the norms of the Warsaw Convention in various protocols is revealed. Such as the Hague Protocol (1955), the Guadalajara Convention (1961), the Guatemala City Protocol (1971) and the Montreal Four Protocols (1975), which significantly modernized the provisions on air transport regulations, as seen in the Montreal Convention (1999).

The Role of Internet to Bridge Language Gaps in Learning English as a Foreign Language in Solo's Multilingual

This study investigates the role of the internet in bridging language gaps and enhancing English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instruction within Solo's multilingual context. The focus is on how internet resources aid students in navigating between Bahasa Jawa, Bahasa Indonesia, and English, reflecting the multilingual dynamics of EFL classrooms. Utilizing a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with students from grade XII public senior high schools in Solo, Central Java. The findings reveal that the internet plays a significant role in facilitating language learning by providing access to diverse resources and interactive platforms. It is reported that internet tools help them create more engaging and culturally relevant lessons, which cater to the multilingual backgrounds of the students. Students highlighted that online resources offer immediate feedback, diverse learning materials, and opportunities for practicing English in real-world contexts, which are crucial for mastering a foreign language. Moreover, the study shows that the internet supports students in developing digital literacy skills, which are essential for effective language learning in the 21st century. The use of internet-based learning tools helps students seamlessly transition between languages, enhancing their overall language proficiency and confidence in using English. This research underscores the importance of integrating internet resources in EFL education to address the unique linguistic needs of students in multilingual settings. Future studies should explore the long-term impacts of internet use on language acquisition and its potential integration with traditional teaching methods to create a more holistic and effective EFL learning environment.

S26-04 The concept of risk assessment evaluations in the 21st century

S26-04 The concept of risk assessment evaluations in the 21st century

Phytochemicals and their Potential Mechanisms against Insulin Resistance.

Insulin's inception dates back to 1921 and was unveiled through a momentous revelation. Diabetes is a dangerous, long-term disease in which the body fails to generate enough insulin or utilize the insulin it creates adequately. This causes hyperglycemia, a state of high blood sugar levels, which can even put a person into a coma if not managed. Activation of the insulin receptor corresponds to two crucial metabolic functions, i.e., uptake of glucose and storage of glycogen. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exists as one of the most challenging medical conditions in the 21st century. The sedentary lifestyle and declining quality of food products have contributed to the rapid development of metabolic disorders. Hence, there is an urgent need to lay some reliable, significant molecules and modalities of treatment to combat and manage this epidemic. In this review, we have made an attempt to identify and enlist the major phytoconstituents along with the associated sources and existing mechanisms against insulin resistance. The conducted study may offer potential sustainable solutions for developing and formulating scientifically validated molecules and phytoconstituents as formulations for the management of this metabolic disorder.