XRD Results Research Articles

Effective parameters on fabrication and performance of superhydrophobic/superoleophilic polyurethane sponge: Design of experiment approach

Referring to importance of the oil/water separation as one of the main challenges in the environmental conditions, numerous researches in the superhydrophobic/superoleophilic materials especially in the industrial oily wastewater treatment have been focused. In this study, the commercial polyurethane (PU) sponge was dip-coated by zinc stearate (Zn(St)2) particles and a novel adhesive of hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) cured phenol-formaldehyde resin (PFR). For this purpose, a design of experiment (DOE) was applied to statistically specify the effect of important process variables on the final product properties. The second-order central composite design (CCD) approach based on the response surface methodology (RSM) analysis was conducted by changing namely the Zn(St)2 suspension concentration (2–4 wt%), PFR concentration (10–30 wt%), HMTA/PFR weight ratio (10–20 wt%), and sponge density (12, 15 and 17 kg∙m−3) on the key response output variables including oil and water absorption capacity of the Zn(St)2/HMTA cured PFR-coated PU. The optimal predicted results were experimentally verified and matched well to achieve the modified superhydrophobic PU sponge for the oil/water separation. The characterizations of the modified PU sponge by SEM, EDX mapping, FTIR, XRD, UV-Vis, BET, and TGA results confirmed that the Zn(St)2 uniformly covered the entire PU sponge. In addition, it showed a high demulsification capacity, the absorption capacity of various oil and solvents, and a water contact angle as high as 165° which was further approved to be oil wet in less than <10 millisecond. More importantly, the prepared modified superhydrophobic PU sponge presented an excellent reusability performance and chemical, thermal and mechanical stability in harsh conditions. This stable superhydrophobic PU sponge with the aforementioned outstanding properties is expected to be widely used for the practical oil/water separation.

SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZATION OF KENAF FIBERS WITH LAUROYL CHLORIDE: EFFECTS OF ALKALINE PRETREATMENT METHOD

Surface functionalization of cellulose fibers is the current focus of research seeking to develop composite materials for various applications. One reason is the low compatibility of natural cellulose-based fibers with thermoplastic matrices for the production of wood-plastic composites. In this research, kenaf fibers (KF) were esterified with lauroyl chloride. Before the esterification reaction, two alkaline pretreatment methods were used: Bain-Marie at low temperature, and at high temperature and pressure in the digester. SEM results showed a smoother surface morphology after esterification. ATR-FTIR results confirmed the substitution of hydroxyl groups of cellulose with lauroylate functional groups. Increasing the carbon content in EDX spectroscopy further supported the successful esterification of kenaf fibers, which is in accordance with ATR-FTIR findings. Based on ATR-FTIR and EDX results, the Bain-Marie pretreatment method was more effective for the esterification reaction. According to the XRD results, the crystallinity index of the fibers slightly increased after esterification reaction. However, the fibers pretreated in the digester had a higher crystallinity index, which was related to efficient removal of amorphous regions due to higher temperature and pressure used in the digester process. This research showed that alkaline pretreatment in Bain-Marie was more effective for the surface functionalization of cellulose fibers than the digester process. These results can be applied in future research works for esterification of cellulose fibers.

Inducing Na+ Site Rearrangement Through a Cosubstitution Strategy for Rapid Na Diffusion Kinetics of P2-Type Layered Metal Oxides.

The P2-layered metal oxide cathode materials are crucial for constructing high-rate sodium-ion batteries (SIBs); however, its practical application is hindered by the high Na+ diffusion barrier resulting from Na+/vacancy ordering. Herein, a Li/Zn cosubstitution P2-Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 (NLNZM) cathode was synthesized via a sol-gel method assisted with citric acid, which can induce the rearrangement of Na+ sites to disrupt ordered structures. The XRD Rietveld refinement confirms a higher occupancy of Na+ at Nae sites with low diffusion barriers through the Li/Zn cosubstitution. In addition, the highly reversible phase evolution of the NLNZM is confirmed through in situ XRD results, thereby ensuring the stability of the structure with low volume change rate (0.78%). Furthermore, Li and Zn can reduce the surface energy and increase the interlayered distance to achieve rapid interfacial kinetics. As a result, the NLNZM has exhibited a high reversible capacity of 152.8 mAh g-1 and an outstanding rate performance of 103.4 mAh g-1 at 5C. After 200 cycles at 5C, the capacity retention rate is 81.1%. This work proposes a cosubstitution strategy to induce Na+/vacancy disorder for achieving rapid Na+ migration as a cathode material for SIBs.

High performance Co3O4/Sn-ZnO nanocomposite photocatalyst for removal of methylene blue dye

Methylene blue is a toxic, carcinogenic, and non-biodegradable synthetic dye discharged from factories and industries that causes severe harm to human health and environmental pollution. Therefore, in this work, Co3O4/Sn-ZnO nanocomposite was synthesized using a simple sol–gel method for efficient photocatalytic removal of methylene blue dye in an aqueous basic medium. The structural, optical, photoluminescence, morphological, and compositional properties were studied. The XRD result revealed that the crystal size increases as the full width at half maxima (FWHM) decreases when Co3O4 are coupled with Sn-ZnO. From UV-visible diffusive reflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopies, a narrowing of the band gap and a reduction of the charge carrier’s recombination rate were observed, respectively. The photocatalytic efficiency and degradation rate constant of 95.1% and 0.03251 min−1 were recorded for methylene blue dye upon the use of optimized catalyst dosage of 60 mg Co3O4/Sn-ZnO nanocomposite catalyst under an irradiation time of 100 min at room temperature for optimized pH value of 9 in an aqueous basic medium.

Cl- attack resistance of marine concrete with nano-particles under the combined action of flexural fatigue load and freeze-thaw cycles

This paper investigated the role of nano-particles in the resistance of marine concrete to chloride ion (Cl-) corrosion under the combined influence of flexural fatigue load and freeze-thaw cycles. We analyzed the nano-particles to improve the mechanism of Cl- attack resistance of the concrete. The results indicated that the combined effect of freeze-thaw cycles and flexural fatigue load promoted the migration of Cl- into the concrete. The free Cl- content in the compressive zone of concrete initially decreased and subsequently increased with the increasing stress level and combined action stage. In the tensile zone of concrete, the free Cl- content increased significantly with the stress level and combined action stage. The nano-SiO2 and nano-CaCO3 could effectively improve the Cl- attack resistance of concrete and the optimal amounts of nano-CaCO3 and nano-SiO2 were 1% and 2% (Nano-particles were substituted for equal amount of cement), respectively. According to the SEM and XRD results, nano-particles could help cement hydrate and lower the size and orientation of Ca(OH)2 in the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). Nano-SiO2 exhibited a good pozzolanic effect, while the pore structure and ITZ of concrete with nano-SiO2 was denser compared to the concrete with nano-CaCO3.

Novel spinel based high entropy oxide as electrode for symmetric SOFCs

Fabrication of symmetric electrodes for intermediate temperature SOFCs can significantly reduce fuel cell production costs without compromising efficiency. Herein, we report a novel spinel based high entropy oxide (CuLiFeCoNi)1.4Mn1.6O4-δ (CM-HEO) that exhibit better symmetric electrode properties than the parent spinel oxide, Cu1.4Mn1.6O4-δ (CM). The prepared HEO exhibited good structural and thermal stability up to 800 °C as inferred from the XRD, Raman and TGA-DSC results. Temperature-programmed reduction and desorption profiles of CM-HEO outperformed CM by exhibiting hydrogen adsorption and lower CO2 desorption across different temperature ranges. The enhancement of Lewis acid-base sites is evident from the XPS analysis validating the observed increase in HOR and ORR activity. The high electrocatalytic activity of the material arise from its lower activation energies (0.27 eV in air, 0.09 eV in dry H2 and 0.03 eV in dry CH4) with a polarisation resistances of 0.152 Ωcm2 under ambient atmosphere and 0.044 Ωcm2 under dry H2. These findings exalt CM-HEO as an efficient symmetric SOFC electrode material.

Chloride binding of barium-containing zeolite corrosion inhibitor in Portland cement mortar

The use of sea sand is limited in reinforced concrete due to the presence of corrosive free chloride ions. In this study, a barium-containing zeolite corrosion inhibitor was designed and added into mortar to improve the chloride binding ability by avoiding the interference of SO42− in forming chloroaluminate salts under the condition of ensuring the necessary setting time of the mortar. Ion dissolution tests showed that the amount of Ba2+ released by the corrosion inhibitor in the first 3 h was only 29.6 mg/L, which avoided the problem of rapid setting of the mortar. The ability of the mortar to bind free chloride ions was assessed by leaching titration, and the sample with 16 wt% corrosion inhibitors showed a 32% increase in the bound chloride ratio compared to the control sample at 28 d. The results of XRD, TG-DTG, 27Al MAS NMR and SEM-EDS tests indicated that the slow-release Ba2+ from the corrosion inhibitor promoted the formation of chloroaluminate by precipitating SO42− in the late hydration stage in the mortar. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results further confirmed the effectiveness of the corrosion inhibitor in inhibiting the rusting of the steel bars. This study provides guidance for the use of sea sand resources and the long-term corrosion prevention of reinforced concrete.

Strength Optimization of Nanocomposite Cementitious Materials Using Nanoscale Modifications

Represent Volume Element (RVE) is broadly used by investigators to control the properties of nano-cementitious materials. This paper focuses on analyzing a set of RVE data and proposes parametric equations for determining the compressive and flexural strength characteristics (σc and σf). Primarily, a parametric study is performed with RVE analysis. The essential design parameters are used to fit rational equations. The RVE data are also applied to train artificial neural networks of σc and σf. RVE, neural networks, and rational equations are correlated. Regression equations are validated with the experimental study. SEM, TEM, XRD, and FTIR results are carried out in the microscopic and mechanical analysis for carbon nanofiber cement composites, which can lift their strength, constancy, integrity, and density and reinforce the composite microstructure. Lastly, the Pareto-optimal design results are presented with a multi-objective optimization problem.

Gas-sensing properties of p-type of nitrogen-doped ZnO nanorods prepared by deep cryogenic treatment

This study developed p-type nitrogen-doped zinc oxide nanorods (NZO NRs) using a chemical bath deposition and deep cryogenic treatment. These NRs were employed to create the device structure of metal-oxide-metal (MSM) and p-n junction for a volatile organic compound gas sensor. Deep cryogenic treatment is the process of immersing ZnO NRs in liquid nitrogen to achieve NZO NRs. SEM results show that the morphology of NZO changes from hexagonal to nib shapes. XRD and TEM results demonstrate that the peak of (002) shifts, and lattice dislocation was observed in NZO specimen. XPS and EDS analysis proved that the N atoms were successfully doped into ZnO. Optical analysis showed the lower band gap and a broader absorption region of NZO NRs. The doping mechanism of NZO is deduced as polar molecules distributed on the high-surface area of ZnO NRs, with iron playing a catalytic role. The MSM structure of the p-type NZO gas sensor, exhibiting high response, lifetime and selectivity, was verified at room temperature. The gas sensor with a p-n junction structure exhibits a faster response time to ethanol.

Effects of two celery fibers on the structural properties and digestibility of glutinous rice starch: A comparative study

The present study focused on the extraction of water-soluble dietary fiber (CSDF) and water-insoluble dietary fiber (CIDF) from celery. It investigated their effects on glutinous rice starch's (GRS) physicochemical, structural, and digestive properties. The results showed that as the addition of the two dietary fibers increased, they compounded with GRS to varying degrees, with the complexing index reaching 69.41 % and 60.81 %, respectively. The rheological results indicated that the two dietary fibers reduced the viscosity of GRS during pasting and inhibited the short-term regrowth of starch. The FTIR and XRD results revealed that the two fibers interacted with GRS through hydrogen bonding, effectively inhibiting starch retrogradation. Furthermore, both fibers increased the pasting temperature of GRS, thus delaying its pasting and exhibiting better thermal stability. Regarding digestibility, the starch gels containing dietary fibers exhibited significantly reduced digestibility, with RS significantly increased by 8.15 % and 8.95 %, respectively. This study provides insights into the interaction between two dietary fibers and GRS during processing. It enriches the theoretical model of dietary fiber-starch interaction and provides a reference for the application development of starch-based functional foods.

Facile green synthesis of SnO2:Zn@g-C3N4 heterojunction nanocomposite using Murraya paniculata leaves extract for effective photocatalytic degradation of organic dye malachite green by sunlight illumination

In this work nanocomposite heterojunction of SnO2:Zn conjugated with g-C3N4 was successfully synthesized by a green synthesis method using Murraya paniculata leaves extract. Materials were characterized by XPS, FTIR, XRD, BET, HRTEM, FESEM, EDAX, and UV–visible spectrophotometer. XRD and HRTEM results revealed the formation of highly crystalline and small sized particles having mean grain size of 4.4 and 4.9 nm for SnO2:Zn and SnO2:Zn@g-C3N4, respectively and interplanar spacing of 0.333 nm. The 2-D sheeted structure of g-C3N4 acts as a translucent layer that captures and provide a considerable extent of self-agglomeration on the underlying sphere shaped SnO2:Zn NPs which results in excellent charge flow which eventually results in enhanced photocatalytic degradation performance of the synthesized heterojunction. The XPS analysis verifies the presence of Sn, Zn, O, C, and N in the synthesized heterojunction SnO2:Zn@g-C3N4. The UV–Visible and photoluminescence spectra helped to demonstrate the effective inhibition of excitons annihilation within the heterojunction nanocomposite. The heterojunction shows an excellent photodegradation efficiency of 93.84 % in the process of photodegradation of dye Malachite green (MG). Effect of pH, catalyst dose on photodegradation and the recyclability were also investigated. The kinetic plots were used to calculate the rate constant which shows the nature of a pseudo first order reaction with a rate constant of 0.299 min−1. Trap experiments were conducted to confirm the role of h+ and O2.− as active species.

Effect of zinc doping on structural, bonding nature and magnetic properties of co-precipitated magnesium–nickel ferrites

Abstract This paper describes the electronic structure, bonding nature and magnetic properties of Mg0.5Ni0.5−x Zn x Fe2O4 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) nano-spinel ferrite samples synthesized by the co-precipitation method. Spinel structure with Fd 3 ̄ $\bar{3}$ m space group is confirmed by XRD analysis with trace amounts of hematite. The results of XRD and FTIR confirm the formation of spinel structure. The estimated average crystallite size ranges from 35 to 59 nm by different methods. The FESEM analysis revealed that the samples have a generally porous aspect. Particle size analysis indicates that the average particle size is approximately 150 nm. Covalent bond exists between the tetrahedral A site – oxygen atom (A–O) and ionic nature exists between the octahedral B site – oxygen atom (B–O) in the two sub lattices of the ferrite unit cell, as determined by the maximum entropy method. Mg0.5Ni0.3Zn0.2Fe2O4 demonstrates high A–O covalency and B–O covalency/ionic boundary based on MEM electron density analysis.

Investigations on the enhanced anti-microbial activity of one step synthesized ZnO, WO3, and rGO nano particles and fabrication of rGO nano electrode for EMG biomedical application

Abstract The proposed study aims to synthesize ZnO, WO3, and rGO nano particles (NPs) using simple and effective chemical reduction technique and to investigate its biomedical applications. According to the XRD results, synthesized NPs had hexagonal, monoclinic, and cubic crystal forms. The FESEM micro image shows sheet-like structure for rGO NPs, an algal crystal structure for ZnO, and a bulk cluster formation for WO3 NPs. The value of band gap was found to be 5.75, 5.37 and 3.01 eV for ZnO, WO3, and rGO NPs respectively. The presence of diverse functional groups in the produced NPs was verified using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Investigations against different microorganisms indicated an augmentation in the antibacterial activity for ZnO and WO3 NPs. Electrodes coated with rGO NP were made and discovered to be effective in collecting human biomedical data more effectively. The performance of rGO NP coated electrodes was compared using a development board for electromyography analysis along with an android application for monitoring purposes. The quality of the signal, the ratio between the signal and the background noise, as well as the level of impedance between the electrode and the skin was observed to be better than conventional electrodes.

Preparation of a MoS2/carbon nanotube nanocomposite by hydrothermal method for supercapacitor

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) grown on carbon nanotube (CNT@MoS2) with core-shell structure were prepared via hydrothermal method for use as electrode materials in supercapacitors. In this study, we report the effects of carbon nanotube of different ratio on the electrochemical performances of MoS2/CNT nanocomposites. MoO3 prepared from ammonium molybdate tetrahydrateis mixed with CNT and L-cysteine as precursors for MoS2/CNT synthesis. The flower-like MoS2 was successfully synthesized to grow on carbon nanotubes by hydrothermal method. The results of XRD and Raman spectrum analysis show that the experimental product is hexagonal 2 H-MoS2. The synthesized MoS2 shows nanosheet structure of about 3 nm thickness and uniformly grown on the wall of carbon nanotube from SEM images. Cyclic voltammetry test on the MoS2/CNT electrode depicts purely electrostatic polarization in the voltage range of 0–0.6 V with the calculated areal specific capacitance of 87 F/g for the composite with 50 wt% of CNT at a scan rate of 10 mV/s.

Optimization of Synthesis Reaction Parameters of AgNPs Derived from Laser trilobum Plant for Foodborne Pathogens

In this study, the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs L21, AgNPs L22) produced using aqueous extracts of the Laser trilobum harvested in 2021 and 2022 was optimized. The experimental design and optimization of antimicrobial activity were performed using the response surface method (RSM). Using RSM, independent variables, such as silver concentration, extraction time, and synthesis temperature, were optimized as a result of the inhibition zone diameter against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes. Based on the optimization results, the extraction time, silver concentration, and temperature for AgNP L21 and L22 synthesis were determined to be 60 min, 5 mM, and 25 °C, respectively. When the XRD and TEM results of the nanoparticles synthesized under optimal conditions were evaluated, it was determined that the AgNPs were spherical in shape and had an average size of 30 ± 12 nm. Our study revealed that the year of harvest is unimportant for nanoparticles synthesized from L. trilobum, using a cheap and simple method that does not require toxic substances. Owing to the antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles produced under optimal conditions, it is possible to biocontrol and prevent contamination by these bacteria in food science and industry.

Ni-doped ZnO nanoparticles derived by the sol–gel method: structural, optical, and magnetic characteristics

A simple sol–gel route was used for preparation of Ni doped ZnO nanoparticles (Ni:ZnO) with 0, 3, 5, 7 and 9 wt% of Ni to Zn precursor salts. Structural, optical and room temperature magnetic properties were studied. The prevailing structural arrangement that observed in all the examined samples is the wurtzite structure of ZnO. Nevertheless. The orderly development of NiO rock-salt phase on at the surfaces of ZnO nanoparticles upon Ni doping is confirmed by Rietveld refinements. The ZnO wurtzite structure is dominant in all the samples as confirmed by both XRD and Raman results. The average crystallite size showed almost no change upon Ni doping. RTFM behavior is being exhibited for all Ni:ZnO nanoparticles that is demonstrating using of ZnO as the host structure allowed for the efficient formation of DMS. The Near-infrared solar reflectance (RNIR) and the visible solar reflectance (RVis) values reduced with increasing of the Ni content as a result of the rising in density of trap states upon Ni doping of the samples. Kubelka-Munk method was used to determine the energy band gap (Eg) and band Urbach energy (EU) tails from diffused reflectance (DRS) results. The obtained energy gap values were very close in all studied samples with an average value of energy gap is 3.164 eV. The EU values raise from 123 to 173 meV upon increasing of Ni content in the samples in agreement with lower values of RNIR and RVis and their effect on optical performance of the investigated samples in applications.

Solar-enhanced photodegradation of dye and drug mixture and evaluation of phytotoxicity on seed germination and growth by an eggshell HAp/Nb2O5 heterostructure

In this work, heterostructures of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and Nb2O5 (NO) were obtained to study their photocatalytic activity under sunlight. The samples were synthesized by the microwave-assisted hydrothermal method, and the calcium precursor used to obtain HAp was obtained from an eggshell. The influence of adding NO at 10, 30 and 50% by mass on the heterostructures was evaluated. The XRD results and the functional groups present in the FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of the two phases in the heterostructures. UV–vis spectroscopy revealed that activation was promoted by sunlight, while PL and electrochemical analyses indicated minimized recombination of the electron/hole pairs of heterostructures due to improved charge transfer. The TEM micrographs indicated interfacial contact between the two materials. The photocatalytic efficiency of the materials was studied for the degradation of methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV) and tetracycline (TC) under sunlight irradiation. The heterostructure with 50% NO showed better efficiency than the other combinations and was also tested for degrading the mixture (MIX) of MB, CV and TC, for which the efficiencies were 100, 98.66 and 67.33%, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of the photocalytic dosage, concentration and pH of the solution were investigated through the MIX degradation efficiency. It was possible to propose the mechanism for the photocatalytic activity of the HAp/NO heterostructure as a direct Z-schema. The reusability of the photocatalyst and the germination tests with treated water indicated that the HAp/NO heterostructure has potential application as an efficient and nontoxic alternative for the degradation of contaminants.

Effect of Cerium on structures and electrical properties of Nb modified Bi3Ti1.5W0.5O9–Bi4Ti3O12 intergrowth aurivillius piezoceramics

Bi3Ti1.5W0.5O9–Bi4Ti3O12 intergrowth Aurivillius piezoceramics with 0.3mol Nb5+ replacing B site and x mol CeO2 (x = 0–0.25, abbreviated as BTNW-BITN-xCe) replacing A site were synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction method. The structures and electrical properties of BTNW-BITN-xCe samples were systematically explored. The results of XRD, Raman, and SEM showed that a single phase was formed. The results of XPS showed that the introduction of Ce ions reduces the concentration of oxygen vacancies, which is beneficial to improving piezoelectric performance. In addition, the results of PFM indicated that the introduction of Ce ions increased the diversity of domains and made it easier for domains to respond under the same voltage, which is also conducive to the improvement of piezoelectric properties. The d33 of the optimal component BTNW-BITN-xCe ceramics is 23.6 pC/N and it possesses 21.6 pC/N after 500 °C annealing treatment, which implies potential in the application of high-temperature sensors.

Tunable structure of TiO2 deposited by DC magnetron sputtering to adsorb Cr (VI) and Fe (III) from water

TiO2 thin films with mixtures of the anatase, rutile, and brookite phases were deposited on glass substrates via magnetron sputtering. Based on XRD and Raman results, the TiO2-0.47 and TiO2-3.47 films principally contained the brookite phase, while the TiO2-1.27 and TiO2-2.13 films were primarily anatase. The capacities of the TiO2 films to adsorb heavy metals were tested with Cr(VI) and Fe(III) solutions, and the maximum Cr(VI) and Fe(III) adsorption capacities were realized with the TiO2-0.47 film (334.5 mg/g) and TiO2-3.47 film (271.3 mg/g), respectively. SEM‒EDS results revealed the presence of Cr and Fe on the surfaces of the films, thus corroborating the ability of the TiO2 films to adsorb and remove heavy metals. They are strong candidates for use in wastewater treatment plants.

Bioactive glass doped with zinc-based metal–organic frameworks (Zn/MOF) nanoparticles for antibiotic delivery applications

Zn-MOF/bioactive glass nanoparticles were successfully prepared using quick–alkali-modified sol–gel and tested for gentamicin drug delivery. Samples of 0 and 0.8 mol% Zn MOF contents (BG and BG/Zn MOF, respectively) were characterized using XRD, FTIR, TEM, and SEM/EDX. In addition, zeta characteristics and surface area parameters were also evaluated. Moreover, the cell viability of the prepared samples was tested against the osteosarcoma MG-63 cell line to evaluate the ability of prepared samples for bone regeneration. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of glass samples with and without antibiotics was determined against different microorganisms. Finally, the samples were loaded with gentamicin drug, and drug release profile and kinetics were studied too. XRD and FTIR results confirmed the physicochemical properties of the prepared samples. TEM results showed that particles were in the nano-sized range in both samples; however, the presence of Zn MOF increased the dispersity of particles. Both samples were bioactive, as indicated by hydroxyapatite formation on their surfaces. Cytotoxicity estimation of prepared materials exhibited their safe and nontoxic nature. BG/Zn MOF sample demonstrated prolonged drug release and excellent antimicrobial activity in comparison to BG alone. Therefore, the present study provides promising preliminary results regarding the usage of BG/Zn MOF nanoparticles loaded with gentamicin as an effective approach for bone regeneration.Graphical