XML Views Research Articles

Design of air conditioning energy saving control system based on Niagara Internet of things technology and fuzzy algorithm

With the development of modern science and technology, Internet of things technology is entering people’s lives. People put forward higher requirements for the comfort and convenience of life. Air conditioning can bring people cool in hot summer, but it also brings huge energy consumption. In order to meet people’s requirements for air conditioning control comfort, and to achieve the purpose of energy saving and consumption reduction, this study is based on the Niagara Internet of things technology framework, through the human body infrared sensor and calendar control schedule, temperature sensor and air conditioning controller to control the start and stop of air conditioning. At the same time, the temperature fuzzy control algorithm is used to control the cooling temperature of the air conditioner according to the room temperature, so as to realize the adaptive adjustment of the air conditioning temperature. Finally, through the presentation XML (PX) view designed in Niagara software, the remote control of air conditioning can be realized. Through the debugging of the air conditioner, the adaptive control of the air conditioner can be realized, the comfort of the control can be improved, and the energy consumption can be reduced.

Algebraic incremental maintenance of XML views

Materialized views can bring important performance benefits when querying XML documents. In the presence of XML document changes, materialized views need to be updated to faithfully reflect the changed document. In this work, we present an algebraic approach for propagating source updates to XML materialized views expressed in a powerful XML tree pattern formalism. Our approach differs from the state-of-the-art in the area in two important ways. First, it relies on set-oriented, algebraic operations, to be contrasted with node-based previous approaches. Second, it exploits state-of-the-art features of XML stores and XML query evaluation engines, notably XML structural identifiers and associated structural join algorithms. We present algorithms for determining how updates should be propagated to views, and highlight the benefits of our approach over existing algorithms through a series of experiments.

Research on the Data Format Standard of IoT Based on XML

Currently in the application level of Internet of Things (IoT), relevant data format standards are very complicated and every relational subject goes his own way. To solve this problem, this paper, from the view of XML and G/S model, started with the relationship among Internet, Semantic Web and IoT and then put forward the way of building the IoT data format standardization system. The IoT data format standardization should be based on XML for syntax and on G/S model. Data Exchange Standards System of the IoT should adopt XML as its grammar format. Finally, the system (base on MSML) with a specific application is illustrated.

Use of XML Schema and Logic Programming Views as Formal Means to Validate A System Design Framework

The continuous complexity increase of today’s embedded systems and portable computing machines has motivated research in the area of h igh-level and system synthesis (HLS). In this paper’s prototype system design framework, the HLS internal formats and transformations that are applied on the source code are formal, thus the generated system implementation is correct-by-construction. Here, the use of RDF triples for making statements about Web resources is extended for the formal definit ion of the internal object relations and predicated formal transformation of the prototype hardware compiler. Th is pro totype HLS framework uses compiler-generators, RDF rules and logic programming in combination with XML validation mechanisms for the internal state of the hardware compiler. All of these formal relations make the compilation process formal, and thus, the generated implementations are provably-correct. Furthermore, the compilat ion run-time doesn’t exceed a few minutes for the most complex benchmarks. The design framework is enhanced with the Parallel, Abstract Resource – Constrained Scheduler (PARCS), which ach ieves “compression” of the initial schedules to optimized ones up to a degree o f more than 30% of the control states. The targeted architecture is free from any vendor/technology – specific templates and implementation specifics, thus the automatically-generated hardware models are directly implementable on any technology and with any RTL synthesizer and Place&Route flow. A ll of the required communication protocols and interfaces are automatically generated and embedded into the hardware’s model code. The complete design informat ion of the HLS process is formally validated with the logic programming and XML views of the internal state of the compiler. The aggressive scheduler PARCS and the formal compilation of the system are evaluated with a number o f benchmarks and real -world applications, from the areas of computer graphics, DSP, image processing/compression and synthetic benchmarks.

A Survey to View Update Problem

Extensible markup language (XML) has become the de facto standard for representing and interchanging data in web-based applications. And XML view, a virtual window for specified users, has been widely applied. In practical systems, users encounter the so-called view update problem when they need update source data through the view. For a long time, the view update problem is an open question in database community. With the development of various data models, the corresponding view update problem has been widely researched. In this paper, we introduce the conception of view update problem. We survey and compare previous approaches. Especially, we emphasize the role of semantics. Focusing on the problem in XML context, we give a discussion and propose a framework, which collects the semantic information at view definition time. Some related techniques for implementing this framework are further introduced.

A Survey to View Update Problem

Extensible markup language (XML) has become the de facto standard for representing and interchanging data in web-based applications. And XML view, a virtual window for specified users, has been widely applied. In practical systems, users encounter the so-called view update problem when they need update source data through the view. For a long time, the view update problem is an open question in database community. With the development of various data models, the corresponding view update problem has been widely researched. In this paper, we introduce the conception of view update problem. We survey and compare previous approaches. Especially, we emphasize the role of semantics. Focusing on the problem in XML context, we give a discussion and propose a framework, which collects the semantic information at view definition time. Some related techniques for implementing this framework are further introduced.

지역 질의 생성기반 전역 XQuery 질의 처리 기법

XML 뷰는 분산 환경에서 이종 데이터들을 XML 데이터처럼 바라보며 XML로 통합하기 위한 방법으로 제안되었으며, 전역 XML 뷰는 분산되어 있는 다양한 형태의 이종 데이터들을 단일의 XML 데이터처럼 바라보며 질의할 수 있도록한다. 이때사용자가 사용하는표준질의어는 XQuery이며, 전역XML 뷰를대상으로 작성된 질의가 바로 전역XQuery 질의이다. 그러므로이를효과적으로 처리하기위한방법은분산 환경에서이종데이터들사이의 통합 및 검색을 위한 연구의 주제이다. 기존 SQL 질의 처리에서 알 수 있는 것처럼, 분산 질의 처리를 위한 방법들 가운데 가장 범용적으로 사용되는 방법 중 하나는 전역 질의를 지역 질의로 분할하여 분할된 지역 질의들을 처리하고, 그 결과를 취하여 전역 질의의 결과로 재구성하는 것이다. 그러나 XQuery는 FOR 절과 같은 SQL 질의어에서는 찾아볼 수 없는 복잡한 구조적 특성을 갖는다. 그러므로 전역 XQuery 질의의 처리를 위해 지역 질의를 생성하기 위해서는 고려해야 할 사항들이 존재한다. 본 논문에서는 전역 SQL 질의 처리를 위한 지역 질의 생성 기법을 전역 XQuery 질의의 처리를 위해 적용할 때 발생하는 문제점을 정의하고 이를 해결하기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 또한, 제안한 방법을 기반으로 하는 전역 XQuery 질의 처리기를 구현하여 그 효율성을 보인다. XML view is proposed to integrate between XML data and heterogeneous data over distributed environment and global XML view is used to search distributed heterogeneous data. At this time, standard query language for user is XQuery and the method for processing global XQuery queries over distributed environment is one of the new research topics. One of the basic and simple methods to process distributed SQL queries is that generates local queries for processing a global query and constructs the result of the global query from the results of the local queries. However, the syntax of XQuery differs from SQL because the XQuery contains some special expressions like FOR clauses for querying to semi-structured data, of course, FOR clauses are not used in SQL. Therefore, there are some problems to adopt the method for processing global SQL queries for generating local XQuery queries. This paper defines some problems when generates local XQuery queries for processing global XQuery queries and proposes a method for generating local XQuery queries considered these problems. Also we implement and evaluate a Global XQuery Processor which uses our method.

XML materialized views and schema evolution in VIREX

Web-based databases are gaining increased popularity. This has positively influenced the availability of structured and semi-structured databases for access by a variety of users ranging from professionals to naive users. The number of users accessing online databases will continue to increase if the visual tools connected to web-based databases are flexible and user-friendly enough to meet the expectations of naive users and professionals. Further, XML is accepted as the standard for platform independent data exchange. This motivated for the development of the conversion tools between structured databases and XML. Realizing that such a need has not been well handled by the available tools, including Clio from IBM, we developed VIREX as a visual tool for converting relational databases into XML, and since then has been empowered with further capabilities to manipulate the produced XML schema including the maintenance of materialized views and schema evolution functions. VIREX provides an interactive approach for querying and integrating relational databases to produce XML documents and the corresponding XML schema(s). VIREX supports VRXQuery as a visual naive users-oriented query language that allows users to specify queries and define views directly on the interactive diagram as a sequence of mouse clicks with minimum keyboard input. As the query result, VIREX displays on the screen the XML schema that satisfies the specified characteristics and generates colored (easy to read) XML document(s). The main contribution described in this paper is the novel approach for turning query results into materialized views which are maintained to remain consistent with the underlying database. VIREX supports deferred update of XML views by keeping an ordered summary of the necessary and sufficient information required for the process. Each view has a corresponding marker in the ordered summary to indicate the start of the information to be reflected onto the view when it is accessed. When a view is accessed, its marker moves to the head of the list to mark for the next update. In addition, VIREX supports some basic schema evolution functions include renaming, adding and dropping of elements and attributes, among others. The supported schema evolution functions add flexibility to the view maintenance and materialization process.

Consistent query answers from virtually integrated XML data

When data sources are virtually integrated, there is no common and centralized method to maintain global consistency, so inconsistencies with regard to global integrity constraints are very likely to occur. In this paper, we consider the problem of defining and computing consistent query answers when queries are posed to virtual XML data integration systems, which are specified following the local-as-view approach. We propose a powerful XML constraint model to define global constraints, which can express keys and functional dependencies, and which also extends the newly introduced conditional functional dependencies to XML. We provide an approach to defining XML views, which supports not only edge-path mappings but also data-value bindings to express the join operator. We give formal definitions of repair and consistent query answers with the XML data integration settings. Given a query on the global system, we present a two-step method to compute consistent query answers. First, the given query is transformed using the global constraints, such that to run the transformed query on the original global system will generate exactly the consistent query answers. Because the global instance is not materialized, the query on the global instance is then rewritten in the form of queries on the underlying data sources by reversing rules in view definitions. We illustrate that the XPath query transformations can be implemented in XQuery. Finally, we implement prototypes of our method and evaluate our algorithms in the experiments.

CONCURRENT DATA MATERIALIZATION FOR XML-ENABLED DATABASE WITH SEMANTIC METADATA

For a company with many databases in different data models, it is necessary to consolidate them into one interchangeable data model and present data in more than one data model concurrently to different users or individual users who need to access the data in more than one data model. The benefit is to let the user stick to his/her own data model to access database in another data model. This paper presents a semantic metadata to preserve database constraints for data materialization to support the user's view of database on an ad hoc basis. The semantic metadata can store the captured semantics of a relational or an XML-enabled database into classes. The stored constraints and data can be materialized into a target database upon user request. The user is allowed to perform data materialization many times alternatively. The process can provide a relational as well as an XML view to the users simultaneously. This concurrent data materialization function can be applied into data warehouse to consolidate heterogeneous database into a fact table in a data model of user's choice. Furthermore, a user can obtain either a relational view or an XML view of the same dataset of an XML-enabled database interchangeably.

Efficient evaluation of query rewriting plan over materialized XML view

The query rewriting plan generation over XML views has received wide attention recently. However, little work has been done on efficient evaluation of the query rewriting plans, which is not trivial since the plan may contain an exponential size of sub-plans. This paper investigates the reason for the potentially exponential number of sub-plans, and then proposes a new space-efficient form called ABCPlan (Plan with Automata Based Combinations) to equivalently represent the original query rewriting plan. ABCPlan contains a set of buckets containing suffix paths in the query tree and an automata to indicate the combination of the suffix paths from different buckets as valid query rewriting sub-plans. We also design an evaluation method called ABCScan, which constructs a unified evaluation tree for the ABCPlan and handles the evaluation tree in one scan of the XML view. In the evaluation, we introduce node existence automata to encode the structure of the sub-tree and convert the satisfaction of the ABCPlan into the intersection problem of deterministic finite automata. The experiments show that ABCPlan based method outperforms existing methods significantly in terms of scalability and efficiency.

Updating XML views and querying XML views with update syntax

XML has become a standard medium for data exchange, and XML views are frequently used as an interface to relational database and XML data. Although building and querying XML views have received extensive attention, updating XML views is less studied. In this paper, we outline our work on building XML views defined in terms of update syntax and updating XML views of relations.

Reasoning about XML with temporal logics and automata

We show that problems arising in static analysis of XML specifications and transformations can be dealt with using techniques similar to those developed for static analysis of programs. Many properties of interest in the XML context are related to navigation, and can be formulated in temporal logics for trees. We choose a logic that admits a simple single-exponential translation into unranked tree automata, in the spirit of the classical LTL-to-Büchi automata translation. Automata arising from this translation have a number of additional properties; in particular, they are convenient for reasoning about unary node-selecting queries, which are important in the XML context. We give two applications of such reasoning: one deals with a classical XML problem of reasoning about navigation in the presence of schemas, and the other relates to verifying security properties of XML views.

Optimizing updates of recursive XML views of relations

XML publishing has been an emerging technique for transforming (portions of) a relational database into an XML document, for example, to facilitate interoperability between heterogeneous applications. Such applications may update the XML document and the source relational database must be updated accordingly. In this paper, we consider such XML documents as (possibly) recursively defined XML views of relations. We propose new optimization techniques to efficiently support XML view updates specified via an XPATH expression with recursion and complex filters. The main novelties of our techniques are: (1) we propose a space-efficient relational encoding of recursive XML views; and (2) we push the bulk of update processing inside a relational database. Specifically, a compressed representation of the XML views is stored as extended shared-inlining relations. A space-efficient and updatable 2-hop index is used to optimize XPATH evaluation on XML views. Updates of the XML views are evaluated on these relations and index. View update translation is handled by a heuristic procedure inside a relational database, as opposed to previous middleware approaches. We present an experimental study to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed techniques.

Query translation from XPath to SQL in the presence of recursive DTDs

We study the problem of evaluating xpath queries over xml data that is stored in an rdbms via schema-based shredding. The interaction between recursion (descendants-axis) in xpath queries and recursion in dtds makes it challenging to answer xpath queries using rdbms. We present a new approach to translating xpath queries into sql queries based on a notion of extended XP ath expressions and a simple least fixpoint (lfp) operator. Extended xpath expressions are a mild extension of xpath, and the lfp operator takes a single input relation and is already supported by most commercial rdbms. We show that extended xpath expressions are capable of capturing both dtd recursion and xpath queries in a uniform framework. Furthermore, they can be translated into an equivalent sequence of sql queries with the lfp operator. We present algorithms for rewriting xpath queries over a (possibly recursive) dtd into extended xpath expressions and for translating extended xpath expressions to sql queries, as well as optimization techniques. The novelty of our approach consists in its capability to answer a large class of xpath queries by means of only low-end rdbms features already available in most rdbms, as well as its flexibility to accommodate existing relational query optimization techniques. In addition, these translation algorithms provide a solution to query answering for certain (possibly recursive) xml views of xml data. Our experimental results verify the effectiveness of our techniques.

Efficient keyword search over virtual XML views

Emerging applications such as personalized portals, enterprise search, and web integration systems often require keyword search over semi-structured views. However, traditional information retrieval techniques are likely to be expensive in this context because they rely on the assumption that the set of documents being searched is materialized. In this paper, we present a system architecture and algorithm that can efficiently evaluate keyword search queries over virtual (unmaterialized) XML views. An interesting aspect of our approach is that it exploits indices present on the base data and thereby avoids materializing large parts of the view that are not relevant to the query results. Another feature of the algorithm is that by solely using indices, we can still score the results of queries over the virtual view, and the resulting scores are the same as if the view was materialized. Our performance evaluation using the INEX data set in the Quark (Bhaskar et al. in Quark: an efficient XQuery full-text implementation. In: SIGMOD, 2006) open-source XML database system indicates that the proposed approach is scalable and efficient.

Towards a physical XML independent XQuery/SQL/XML engine

There has been a lot of research and industrial effort on building XQuery engines with different kinds of XML storage and index models. However, most of these efforts focus on building either an efficient XQuery engine with one kind of XML storage, index, view model in mind or a general XQuery engine without any consideration of the underlying XML storage, index and view model. We need an underlying framework to build an XQuery engine that can work with and provide optimization for different XML storage, index and view models. Besides XQuery, RDBMSs also support SQL/XML, a standard language that integrates XML and relational processing. There are industrial efforts for building hybrid XQuery and SQL/XML engines that support both languages so that users can manage and query both relational and XML data on one platform. However, we need a theoretical framework to optimize both SQL/XML and XQuery languages in one RDBMS. In this paper, we show our industrial work of building a combined XQuery and SQL/XML engine that is able to work and provide optimization for different kinds of XML storage and index models in Oracle XMLDB. This work is based on XML extended relational algebra as the underlying tuple-based logical algebra and incorporates tree and automata based physical algebra into the logical tuple-based algebra so as to provide optimization for different physical XML formulations. This results in logical and physical rewrite techniques to optimize XQuery and SQL/XML over a variety of physical XML storage, index and view models, including schema aware object relational XML storage with relational indexes, binary XML storage with schema agnostic path-value-order key XMLIndex, SQL/XML view over relational data and relational view over XML. Furthermore, we show the approach of leveraging cost based XML physical rewrite strategy to evaluate different physical rewrite plans.

Updating Recursive XML Views of Relations

This paper investigates the view update problem for XML views published from relational data. We consider XML views defined in terms of mappings directed by possibly recursive DTDs compressed into DAGs and stored in relations. We provide new techniques to efficiently support XML view updates specified in terms of XPath expressions with recursion and complex filters. The interaction between XPath recursion and DAG compression of XML views makes the analysis of the XML view update problem rather intriguing. Furthermore, many issues are still open even for relational view updates, and need to be explored. In response to these, on the XML side, we revise the notion of side effects and update semantics based on the semantics of XML views, and present effecient algorithms to translate XML updates to relational view updates. On the relational side, we propose a mild condition on SPJ views, and show that under this condition the analysis of deletions on relational views becomes PTIME while the insertion analysis is NP-complete. We develop an efficient algorithm to process relational view deletions, and a heuristic algorithm to handle view insertions. Finally, we present an experimental study to verify the effectiveness of our techniques.

Graph queries for data integration using xml

A new visual language, which is called ER-QBE and uses a conceptual model semantics, is proposed for the development of XML views. ER-QBE is based on graph queries that are trees of parametric SQL queries. The ER-QBE language is characterized by formally proved completeness, its expressiveness is higher than that of well-known alternatives, and it supports both relational and object-relational databases.

ArchIS: an XML-based approach to transaction-time temporal database systems

Effective support for temporal applications by database systems represents an important technical objective that is difficult to achieve since it requires an integrated solution for several problems, including (i) expressive temporal representations and data models, (ii) powerful languages for temporal queries and snapshot queries, (iii) indexing, clustering and query optimization techniques for managing temporal information efficiently, and (iv) architectures that bring together the different pieces of enabling technology into a robust system. In this paper, we present the ArchIS system that achieves these objectives by supporting a temporally grouped data model on top of RDBMS. ArchIS' architecture uses (a) XML to support temporally grouped (virtual) representations of the database history, (b) XQuery to express powerful temporal queries on such views, (c) temporal clustering and indexing techniques for managing the actual historical data in a relational database, and (d) SQL/XML for executing the queries on the XML views as equivalent queries on the relational database. The performance studies presented in the paper show that ArchIS is quite effective at storing and retrieving under complex query conditions the transaction-time history of relational databases, and can also assure excellent storage efficiency by providing compression as an option. This approach achieves full-functionality transaction-time databases without requiring temporal extensions in XML or database standards, and provides critical support to emerging application areas such as RFID.