XML Schema Research Articles

Interactive Strategy for Adaptive Belt Grinding Heterogeneous Data for an Aero-Engine Blade

To process high-quality aero-engine blades, the adaptive belt grinding method, in which an 840D CNC belt grinding machine, an 828D robot, a Win3Ds coordinate measuring machine, and a digital silo are utilized, is applied to the precision grinding of blades. However, due to the informational islanding phenomenon of the processing equipment, the data that are collected by each device cannot be uploaded and downlinked in a timely and effective manner, thereby resulting in poor communication among heterogeneous data. Therefore, this paper proposes an interactive strategy for heterogeneous data for the adaptive processing method of aero-engine blades. First, a mapping transformation of manufacturing information process data, which include the blade order, process, and processing plan, with the XML Schema format is constructed. Second, a data integration model for the grinding process that is based on XML is established, and the standard protocol specification for the manufacturing data is adopted by the XML Schema. Finally, the interaction strategy is evaluated experimentally for typical blades. The experimental results demonstrate that after the heterogeneous data strategy has been implemented, the data interactive transmission is accurate, and the processing blade profile accuracy is within the design range.

Data formats for modelling the spatial structure of chromatin based on experimental positions of nucleosomes

In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, DNA is wrapped around histone proteins, forming units termed nucleosomes. Nucleosome chains fold into chromatin. Despite extensive experimental advancement, many fundamental features of chromatin remain uncertain. Since all cell types and states cannot be profiled experimentally, especially in solution and in vivo, computer simulations are valuable tools for research. Most computer simulation models of chromatin are coarse-grained and describe the main characteristics of 3D chromatin packing. Newer models include experimentally derived positions of nucleosomes. While it is common practice in other disciplines, such as systems biology, to make experimental data publicly available, data from computer simulations of chromatin models are not usually published. Thus, data standard exchange formats are lacking, and we address this issue in the present work. We analysed the workflow, from experimental determination of the positions of nucleosomes through to analysis of outputs from simulated computer models. We defined standardized formats based on Extensible Markup Language (XML) for artefacts generated by steps in this workflow. We found that XML is useful since it is easy to transform XML-based-files by applying Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT) to other formats. We demonstrate the viability of this approach and the associated file formats using a complete example of computer simulation of chromatin domains based on experimentally determined nucleosome positions. The XML schemas and examples are published in an open source repository.

A graph-based meta-model for heterogeneous data management

The wave of interest in data-centric applications has spawned a high variety of data models, making it extremely difficult to evaluate, integrate or access them in a uniform way. Moreover, many recent models are too specific to allow immediate comparison with the others and do not easily support incremental model design. In this paper, we introduce GSMM, a meta-model based on the use of a generic graph that can be instantiated to a concrete data model by simply providing values for a restricted set of parameters and some high-level constraints, themselves represented as graphs. In GSMM, the concept of data schema is replaced by that of constraint, which allows the designer to impose structural restrictions on data in a very flexible way. GSMM includes GSL, a graph-based language for expressing queries and constraints that besides being applicable to data represented in GSMM, in principle, can be specialised and used for existing models where no language was defined. We show some sample applications of GSMM for deriving and comparing classical data models like the relational model, plain XML data, XML Schema, and time-varying semistructured data. We also show how GSMM can represent more recent modelling proposals: the triple stores, the BigTable model and Neo4j, a graph-based model for NoSQL data. A prototype showing the potential of the approach is also described.

Consistency Check between XML Schema and Class Diagram for Document Versioning

A consistency check between design and implementation is usually done in order to check the correctness of the system’ requirements. However, if the requirements are changed over time, then the document versioning occurred within the requirements. For XML Schema, document versioning exists when there is a change in the XML Schema from its previous Schema. In order to detect the versioning of both XML Schemas, consistency rules check need to be performed to both class diagrams produced by both Schemas. The consistency between two XML Schemas is checked based on transformation rules and versioning rules. Transformation rules are used for translating the XML Schema into the class diagram, and versioning rules are used for checking the existing of document changes between two XML Schemas. Once two XML Schemas are different the consistency rules will be used for the consistency check. This paper presents an approach based on transformation rules and versioning rules to check consistency between XML Schema and UML class diagram when document versioning exist. The approach is then used for the case study to show how the consistency is checked in order to detect the versioning of two different XML Schemas. Based on the case study, the approach shows that two XML Schemas can be checked for their consistency when document versioning exist.

Mining Abstract XML Data-Types

Schema integration has been a long-standing challenge for the data-engineering community that has received steady attention over the past three decades. General-purpose integration approaches construct unified schemas that encompass all schema elements. Schema integration has been revisited in the past decade in service-oriented computing since the input/output data-types of service interfaces are heterogeneous XML schemas. However, service integration differs from the traditional integration problem, since it should generalize schemas (mining abstract data-types) instead of unifying all schema elements. To mine well-formed abstract data-types, the fundamental Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP), which generally holds between abstract data-types and their subtypes, should be followed. However, due to the heterogeneity of service data-types, the strict employment of LSP is not usually feasible. On top of that, XML offers a rich type system, based on which data-types are defined via combining type patterns (e.g., composition, aggregation). The existing integration approaches have not dealt with the challenges of a defining subtyping relation between XML type patterns. To address these challenges, we propose a relaxed version of LSP between XML type patterns and an automated generalization process for mining abstract XML data-types. We evaluate the effectiveness and the efficiency of the process on the schemas of two datasets against two representative state-of-the-art approaches.

Towards an Effective Syntax and a Generator for Deterministic Standard Regular Expressions

Abstract Deterministic regular expressions are a core part of XML Schema and used in other applications. But unlike regular expressions, deterministic regular expressions do not have a simple syntax, instead they are defined in a semantic manner. Moreover, not every regular expression can be rewritten to an equivalent deterministic regular expression. These properties of deterministic regular expressions put a burden on the user to develop XML Schema Definitions and to use deterministic regular expressions. In this paper, we propose a syntax for deterministic standard regular expressions (DREGs), and prove that the syntax of DREGs is context-free. Based on the context-free grammars for DREGs, we further design a generator for DREGs, which can generate DREGs randomly, and be used in applications associated with DREGs, e.g. benchmarking a validator for DTD or XML Schema, and inclusion checking of DTD and XML Schema. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and usefulness of the generator.

NanoMine schema: An extensible data representation for polymer nanocomposites

Polymer nanocomposites consist of a polymer matrix and fillers with at least one dimension below 100 nanometers (nm) [L. Schadler et al., Jom 59(3), 53–60 (2007)]. A key challenge in constructing an effective data resource for polymer nanocomposites is building a consistent, coherent, and clear data representation of all relevant parameters and their interrelationships. The data resource must address (1) data representation for representing, saving, and accessing the data (e.g., a data schema used in a data resource such as a database management system), (2) data contribution and uploading (e.g., an MS Excel template file that users can use to input data), (3) concept and knowledge modeling in a computationally accessible form (e.g., generation of a knowledge graph and ontology), and (4) ultimately data analytics and mining for new materials discovery. This paper addresses the first three issues, paving the way for rich, nuanced data analysis. We present the NanoMine polymer nanocomposite schema as an XML-based data schema designed for nanocomposite materials data representation and distribution and discuss its relationship to a higher level polymer data core consistent with other centralized materials data efforts. We also demonstrate aspects of data entry in an accessible manner consistent with the XML schema and discuss our mapping and augmentation approach to provide a more comprehensive representation in the form of an ontology and an ontology-enabled knowledge graph framework for nanopolymer systems. The schema and ontology and their easy accessibility and compatibility with parallel material standards provide a platform for data storage and search, customized visualization, and machine learning tools for material discovery and design.

Transforming oral history content for the web using XML and XSL

From 2013 to 2017, the Special Collections and Archives Research Center at the Oregon State University Libraries and Press collected more than 400 hours of fully transcribed and contextualised oral history interview content for presentation on a dedicated web portal. The project included interview sessions — most of them video recorded — with more than 250 alumni, faculty, staff, supporters and current students. This paper focuses on several technical components of the project, with primary emphasis placed upon the marriage of XML and XSL that was deployed to create the website on which this large volume of content is presented. The roots of this workflow date back many years, and much of the code needed for the oral history project was recycled. In addition to further background on the oral history project, readers will receive an introduction to three XML schema — METS, MODS and TEI — as well as an overview of the XSL tools and processes used to transform and present the XML-encoded data that are central to the project portal. The paper concludes with an evaluation of the Oregon State University workflow, including its potential for adoption by other archival or cultural heritage organisations.

Compactly representing massive terrain models as TINs in CityGML.

Terrains form an important part of 3D city models. GIS practitioners often model terrains with 2D grids. However, TINs (Triangulated Irregular networks) are also increasingly used in practice. One such example is the 3D city model of the Netherlands (3DTOP10NL), which covers the whole country as one massive triangulation with more than one billion triangles. Due to the massive size of terrain datasets, the main issue is how to efficiently store and maintain them. The international 3D GIS standard CityGML allows us to store TINs using the Simple Feature representation. However, we argue that it is not appropriate for storing massive TINs and has limitations. We focus in this article on an improved storage representation for massive terrain models as TINs. We review different data structures for compactly representing TINs and explore how they can be implemented in CityGML as an ADE (Application Domain Extension) to efficiently store massive terrains. We model our extension using UML, and XML schemas for the extension are automatically derived from these UML models. Experiments with massive real‐world terrains show that, with this approach, we can compress CityGML files up to a factor of ~20 with one billion+ triangles, and our method has the added benefit of explicitly storing the topological relationships of a TIN model.

A Method Combining Syntax Analysis and Correction Rules to Re-construct the Re-flowable Document

To improve the shortcomings of fault-tolerance ability in the re-construction method for re-flowable document structure, a new method combining left-corner method and correction rules is proposed, where the xml schema is applied to construct a syntax tree of typesetting rules of document components, and left-corner method is applied to analyze the logical components of the document supervised by the syntax tree. In the analysis process, the correction rules are used to correct the possible errors existed in document component and eventually get the most likely document structure. The results show that the algorithm can effectively improve the fault tolerance in the document structure reconstruction and the accuracy of document structure recognition, which forms the foundation for document understanding and format checking.

Validation of XML schema and extraction of human body description format parameters

Abstract In this paper, the development of Extensible Markup Language (XML) schema of newly proposed Human body description format (HBDF) is proposed and further, the software and hardware solution for processing and acquiring the anthropometric parameters of the human body is presented. The analysis covers information on the HBDF format and specific measurement procedures that are associated with the format and together form a coherent structure for the recording of such data. The structure of the format itself is implemented as XML schema, determining the content of XML outputs. Experimental software solution is designed and proves valid in the examination of HBDF structure. The experimental hardware is proposed to introduce new approach to measurement using the physical real-world device. Proposed hardware solution also implements HBDF structure. Schema ensures the data coherency and integrity,while the proposed solution ensures the import, operation, and export of data. The XML schema was experimentally tested as a part of multiple research projects.

Semi-automatic Extraction of Plants Morphological Characters from Taxonomic Descriptions Written in Spanish.

Taxonomic literature keeps records of the planet's biodiversity and gives access to the knowledge needed for its sustainable management. Unfortunately, most of the taxonomic information is available in scientific publications in text format. The amount of publications generated is very large; therefore, to process it in order to obtain high structured texts would be complex and very expensive. Approaches like citizen science may help the process by selecting whole fragments of texts dealing with morphological descriptions; but a deeper analysis, compatible with accepted ontologies, will require specialised tools. The Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) estimates that there are more than 120 million pages published in over 5.4 million books since 1469, plus about 800,000 monographs and 40,000 journal titles (12,500 of these are current titles).It is necessary to develop standards and software tools to extract, integrate and publish this information into existing free and open access repositories of biodiversity knowledge to support science, education and biodiversity conservation.This document presents an algorithm based on computational linguistics techniques to extract structured information from morphological descriptions of plants written in Spanish. The developed algorithm is based on the work of Dr. Hong Cui from the University of Arizona; it uses semantic analysis, ontologies and a repository of knowledge acquired from the same descriptions. The algorithm was applied to the books Trees of Costa Rica Volume III (TCRv3), Trees of Costa Rica Volume IV (TCRv4) and to a subset of descriptions of the Manual of Plants of Costa Rica (MPCR) with very competitive results (more than 92.5% of average performance). The system receives the morphological descriptions in tabular format and generates XML documents. The XML schema allows documenting structures, characters and relations between characters and structures. Each extracted object is associated with attributes like name, value, modifiers, restrictions, ontology term id, amongst other attributes.The implemented tool is free software. It was developed using Java and integrates existing technology as FreeLing, the Plant Ontology (PO), the Plant Glossary, the Ontology Term Organizer (OTO) and the Flora Mesoamericana English-Spanish Glossary.

Transforming XML to RDF(S) with Temporal Information

The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a model for representing resources on the Web. With the widespread acceptance of RDF in various applications (e.g., knowledge graph), a huge amount of RDF data is being proliferated. Therefore, transforming legacy data resources into RDF data is of increasing importance. In addition, time information widely exists in various real-world applications and temporal Web data has been represented and managed in the context of temporal XML. In this paper, we concentrate on transformation of temporal XML (eXtensible Markup Language) to temporal RDF data. We propose the mapping rules and mapping algorithms which can transform the temporal XML Schema and document into temporal RDF Schema and temporal RDF triples, respectively. We illustrate our mapping approach with an example and implement a prototype system. It is demonstrated that our mapping approach is valid.

Semantic invoice processing

This work highlights how to transform information from invoice documents to semantic models, as an implementation of ontology modeling. The migration from printed paper to digital documents in the Mexican Government Offices in the last few years has brought significant opportunities for the usage of information technologies and applications. However, when changing digital document information into knowledge, there are still many gaps to be filled. This work proposes a solution to some issues regarding ontology modeling, specifically when mapping a document that follows some XML schema to an ontology under the OWL standard. The main contribution of this work is to provide new interpretations of the XML terms in the context of OWL, so that the XML Schema Definition (XSD) structures can be mapped into more complex OWL structures. A software tool developed to test and validate the information extraction strategies proposed is presented here.

The Open Biodiversity Knowledge Management (eco-)System: Tools and Services for Extraction, Mobilization, Handling and Re-use of Data from the Published Literature

The Open Biodiversity Knowledge Management (eco-)System: Tools and Services for Extraction, Mobilization, Handling and Re-use of Data from the Published Literature

EAD ODD: a solution for project-specific EAD schemes

This article tackles the issue of integrating heterogeneous archival sources in one single data repository, namely the EHRI portal, whose aim is to support Holocaust research by providing online access to information about dispersed sources relating to the Holocaust ( http://portal.ehri-project.eu ). In this case, the problem at hand is to combine data coming from a network of archives in order to create an interoperable data space which can be used to search for, retrieve and disseminate content in the context of archival-based research. The central aspect of the work described in this paper is the assessment of the role of the Encoded Archival Description (EAD) standard as the basis for achieving the tasks described above. We have worked out how we could develop a real strategy of defining specific customization of EAD that could be used at various stages of the process of integrating heterogeneous sources. We have developed a methodology based on a specification and customization method inspired from the extensive experience of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) community. In the TEI framework, one has the possibility to model specific subsets or extensions of the TEI guidelines while maintaining both the technical (XML schemas) and editorial (documentation) content within a single framework. This work has led us quite far in anticipating that the method we have developed may be of a wider interest within similar environments, but also, as we believe, for the future maintenance of the EAD standard.

Transformation of fuzzy spatiotemporal data from XML to object-oriented database

The rapid development of the Internet promotes that XML is increasingly accepted as a medium for integrating and exchanging data. Meanwhile, object-oriented database with many excellent properties has been applied more and more widely. In particular, considering the need of processing the fuzzy spatiotemporal data existing in practical applications, we study the methodology of building fuzzy spatiotemporal data model and transforming fuzzy spatiotemporal data from XML to object-oriented database as well. To establish a suitable model, we devise a fuzzy spatiotemporal data model in XML to capture the semantics of fuzzy spatiotemporal features. In addition, we take the object-oriented schema that best describes the exciting fuzzy XML Schema and the characteristics of the XML tree structure into account to develop a series of rules to map spatiotemporal data from XML to object-oriented database. Such mapping rules could provide a significant consolidation of the interoperability of fuzzy spatiotemporal data from XML to object-oriented databases.

An exponent based error detection mechanism against DXDOS attack for improving the security in cloud

Providing security to Cloud against the harmful attacks is an important and essential thing in recent days. Because, there are lot of attacks intend to affect the performance of data transmission in Cloud. Specifically, the extensible markup language-denial of service (XML-DoS) cause the severe damage to Cloud, which misuses the protocols for injecting the attack packets and disturbing the protocol handlers. So, this type of attack must be detected for enabling a reliable and secure service delivery in Cloud. For this purpose, the traditional works developed various attack detection mechanisms for identifying and blocking the XML-DoS attacks, but it lacks with the limitations of increased computation overhead, reduced detection accuracy, and inefficient classification. To solve these issues, this paper aims to develop a new attack detection framework based on the XML schema. The stages that involved in this work are, pattern validation, traffic extraction, error classification, and IP traceback. At first, the individual users transmit the packets to the routers, then the packet marking is performed based on the router IP. After that, the patterns of the packets are validated, if it is valid, the distinct IP is counted for IP matching. Consequently, the time sequence Tsallis entropy, source IP Tsallis entropy, and Lyapunov exponent are estimated. Based on the estimated exponent value, the error is classified as the chaotic or non-chaotic. Finally, the bee colony algorithm is implemented to perform the IP traceback, which takes the appropriate decision for blocking the attacker packets from the particular server. In experiments, the performance of the proposed method is evaluated by using various performance measures. Also, the superiority of the proposed system is proved by comparing it with the existing techniques.

Data Validation for Interactive Electronic Technical Manuals

The interactive electronic technical manual (IETM) is an important component of equipment integrated support informatization. The army requires that the interactive electronic technical manuals delivered by the equipment manufacturer need to comply with the relevant standards and specifications. On the basis of analyzing the standards and standards of interactive electronic technical manual, this paper puts forward IETM data model which is used XML schema. Based on the IETM data model, data validation principles are got in paper. Then this paper gives the implementation of IETM data validation software tool, and describes the application of software. The application proves that the software can support the compilation of manual data module, data exchange and verification of specifications in the process of manual delivery.

Implementation of an Ontology-Based Approach to Enable Agility in Kit Building Applications

The effort described in this paper attempts to integrate agility aspects in the “Agility Performance of Robotic Systems” (APRS) project, developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The technical idea for the APRS project is to develop the measurement science in the form of an integrated agility framework enabling manufacturers to assess and assure the agility performance of their robot systems. This framework includes robot agility performance metrics, information models, test methods, and protocols. This paper focuses on the information models and describes how they are used to introduce robot agility within the kitting domain. The described models have been fully defined in the XML Schema Definition Language (XSDL) and in the Web Ontology Language (OWL) for kit building applications. Kit building or kitting is a process that brings parts that will be used in assembly operations together in a kit and then moves the kit to the area where the parts are used in the final assembly. Details are given on the automatic generation of OWL class model files from XML schema model files. Files of OWL instances conforming to an OWL class model are generated automatically from XML instance files by automatically-built translators. Furthermore, a design methodology for kit building is presented and shows how the different information models are used with the other components of the methodology.