Xinjiang Uygur Research Articles

The gestational age significantly affects peripheral perfusion index value in low-altitude areas.

The gestational age significantly affects peripheral perfusion index value in low-altitude areas.

Association between anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody titers and duodenal histopathology among adults with celiac disease

To evaluate the association between serum anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody (anti-tTG) titers and the severity of histological damage to the duodenal mucosa and to predict a possible anti-tTG cutoff value for diagnosing celiac disease (CD) and villous atrophy in the domestic population. Clinical and pathological data from 76 adult CD patients with positive anti-tTG titers and duodenal biopsy results who were treated at the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from July 2017 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The correlation between anti-tTG titers and the severity of duodenal mucosal damage was statistically assessed to predict the optimal anti-tTG titer cut-off value for diagnosing CD and villous atrophy. Of the 76 patients, 10 had underlying CD, and of the 66 patients with duodenal histopathology, four were Marsh Ⅰ, six were Marsh Ⅱ, and 56 were Marsh Ⅲa-c grade. In adults with CD, anti-tTG titers were shown to be associated with the severity of histological damage to the duodenal mucosa. When the anti-tTG level was ≥5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN), the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing CD were 83.9% and 92.9%, respectively. When the anti-tTG titer was ≥8 times the ULN, the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing villous atrophy were 67.9% and 90.0%, respectively. Anti-tTG levels had a strong predictive value for diagnosing CD in adults when titers exceeded 10 times the ULN. Thus, the anti-tTG cut-off value can be combined with clinical judgment to diagnose CD, limiting the use of invasive endoscopy.

Application of Helicopter-Borne and Ground–Airborne Electromagnetic Detection to Tunnel Engineering Investigation

The Cedaya-S340 Holgutu Highway Construction Project is located in the Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture of Bayingolin in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It is an important traffic channel that connects Luntai County and Hejing County at the southern foot of Tianshan Mountains. As the major component of the highway project, the Huola Mountain Tunnel has a sharp topographic relief, and, therefore, commonly used land geophysical detection instruments cannot work on it. Therefore, we conducted a qualitative survey on the ground-to-air and airborne electromagnetic detection methods used at the Huola Mountain Tunnel site to provide basic data for the design of highway tunnels. The geophysical survey summarized the ground–airborne frequency-domain electromagnetic method (GAFEM) and the helicopter-borne time-domain electromagnetic method (HTEM) developed by Jilin University, and measured 15 measuring lines. Apparent resistivity imaging was performed for each section, and the results were consistent. This study comprehensively analyzed the apparent resistivity profile and geological mapping data. Then, the study inferred the major stratigraphic boundaries, fault fracture zones, rock fragmentation, weakness, karst development, and water content in accordance with background value, low-resistivity anomaly shape, low-resistivity anomaly value, and gradient value in the apparent resistivity profile. Finally, the study identified the scope of two main low-resistivity anomalies, located at the tunnel entrance and exit, respectively, which are basically consistent with the known fault location. The results of this study show that on the basis of the apparent resistivity maps of GAFEM and HTEM, the overall distribution law is basically consistent with site landform, hydrogeology, tectonic geology, and aerial image data. The results provide guidance for the construction of the Huola Mountain Tunnel and ensure the construction safety and progress of the tunnel.

Diagnosis and treatment of otogenic sigmoid sinus thrombophlebitis

Objective:To summarize and analyze the clinical data of sigmoid sinus thrombophlebitis and discuss its treatment strategy. Methods:The clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations, surgical procedures and anticoagulant therapy of patients diagnosed with otosource sigmoid sinus thrombophlebitis in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from November 2014 to November 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Results:Five patients had a history of otorrhea and hearing loss for more than 5 years. They had headache during the acute episode, and 4 patients had drosive fever. They had severe complications, including brain abscess, sepsis, septic shock, intracranial hemorrhage, and hemorrhagic disseminated pneumonia. HRCT of temporal bone showed defects in the sigmoid sinus wall in 4 cases, and gas accumulation around and inside the sigmoid sinus in 3 cases. T1WI showed low signal, isosignal, and high signal in the sigmoid sinus area on MRI, and T2WI showed high signal in the sigmoid sinus area. The transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus and internal jugular vein were not developed in 2 cases, and the transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus were not developed in 1 case, and the internal jugular vein was thin. All 5 cases underwent radical mastoidectomy and resection of sigmoid sinus wall granulation or peritosinusitis abscess. The patients were followed up for 4-12 months and recovered well. Conclusion:For the cases of sigmoid sinus bone wall destruction accompanied by headache and fever by HRCT, it is necessary to be alert to the occurrence of sigmoid sinus thrombophlegitis, early diagnosis and early surgery to prevent the progression of the disease. Radical mastoidectomy combined with anti-infection therapy is the main treatment, and anticoagulation is necessary to achieve a better prognosis.

A novel integrated approach for monitoring drought stress in an aeolian desertification area using Vegetation Drought Status Index

Abstract Drought is a costly natural disaster. The accuracy and applicability of different drought indexes in drought monitoring at different research areas are also different. Based on remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system technology, we propose a new RS-based drought index, Vegetation Drought Status Index (VDSI), for agricultural drought monitoring in both arid and humid regions using multi-sensor data. This index combines the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor and data from 81 verification points regarding the in situ soil drought status. The model was applied to drought monitoring in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. Based on the comprehensive influence of water absorption on the reflectance spectrum of vegetation and soil, the reflectance of soil in MODIS bands B6 and B7 is generally higher than that of vegetation, so the model can directly obtain the surface soil moisture index. The correlation analysis (R2 > 0.79) was valid; the change trends were the same; i.e., VDSI is a reliable referential index for agricultural drought monitoring.

Sandaracinobacteroides sayramensis sp. nov., a yellow-pigmented bacterium isolated from lake water.

A Gram-negative, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain RS1-74T, was isolated from the surface water of Sayram Lake, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. The strain was able to grow optimally at 30 °C and pH 7.0-7.5, and in the presence of 0-0.5 % (v/w) NaCl. Catalase and oxidase activities were present. H2S was produced. Chemotaxonomic analysis showed Q-10 was the sole respiratory quinone. The polar lipids were composed of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, two glycolipids, phosphatidylglycerol, sphingoglycolipid and two unidentified lipids. Summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c) were the predominant fatty acids. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain RS1-74T was closely related to 'Sandaracinobacter neustonicus' JCM 30 734 (98.65 %), 'Sandaracinobacter sibiricus' RB16-17 (98.42 %) and Sandaracinobacteroides hominis SZY PN-1T (97.09%). The genomic DNA G+C content was 66.45 mol%. The average nucleotide identity and DNA-DNA hybridization values among the genomes of strain RS1-74T and 'Sandaracinobacter neustonicus' JCM 30734 and Sandaracinobacteroides hominis SZY PN-1T were 78.2 and 77.22 %, and 22.2 and 20.40 %, respectively. Based on the physiological, biochemical, phylogenetic and genomic data, strain RS1-74T represents a novel species within the genus Sandaracinobacteroides, for which the name Sandaracinobacteroides sayramensis sp. nov. is proposed, with type strain RS1-74T (=KCTC 82674T=MCCC 1K06282T).

Construction of an Integrated Drought Monitoring Model Based on Deep Learning Algorithms

Drought is one of the major global natural disasters, and appropriate monitoring systems are essential to reveal drought trends. In this regard, deep learning is a very promising approach for characterizing the non-linear nature of drought factors. We used multi-source remote sensing data such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) data to integrate drought impact factors such as precipitation, vegetation, temperature, and soil moisture. The application of convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) to construct an integrated drought monitoring model was proposed and tested, using the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region as an example. To better compare the monitoring performance of ConvLSTM models, three other classical deep learning models and three classical machine learning models were also used for comparison. The results show that the composite drought index (CDI) output by the ConvLSTM model had a consistent high correlation with the drought rating of the multi-scale standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The correlation coefficients between the CDI and the multi-scale standardized precipitation index (SPI) were all above 0.5 (p < 0.01), which was highly significant, and the correlation coefficient between CDI-1 and the monthly soil relative humidity at a 10 cm depth was above 0.45 (p < 0.01), which was well correlated. In addition, the spatial distribution of the CDI-6 simulated by the model was highly correlated with the degree of drought expressed by the SPEI-6 observations at the stations. This study provides a new approach for integrated regional drought monitoring.

Non-native fish of the Upper Irtysh and the Ulungur Rivers in China.

The Chinese section of the Irtysh River Basin and the Ulungur River Basin, two major river basins of the Altay region, are located at the northwest of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. As an international river, the Chinese section has seven state-level protected fish and seven local-level protected species as well. Many more commercial species have been introduced from eastern China and other countries, accompanied by some low-value and small-sized fish in recent decades. The non-native fish species have already threatened these protected fish. This study investigated the distribution of non-native fish species in the Chinese section of the Irtysh River Basin and the Ulungur River Basin. The basic data for the biodiversity conservation and the information of the non-native fish in these two river basins were gathered. There are a lot of studies on native fish in the Chinese section of the Irtysh River Basin and Urungur River Basin in China, but there is a lack of studies on non-native fish. Thirteen non-native fish belonging to four orders, nine families and 12 genera were collected in this study. The study includes one dataset. The dataset presents taxonomy, distribution, water body and location for each of the non-native fish collected from the Chinese section of the Irtysh River Basin and the Ulungur River Basin. Our study has found that the proportion of native species has declined, while the number of non-native species has increased from 2013 to 2022. The information we provided could help to develop an international strategy for the protection of aquatic biodiversity.

Discovery of a Closterovirus Infecting Jujube Plants Grown at Aksu Area in Xinjiang of China.

Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is a widely grown fruit crop at Aksu in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. Viral disease-like symptoms are common on jujube plants. Here, for the first time, we report a virus tentatively named persimmon ampelovirus jujube isolate (PAmpV-Ju) infecting jujube plants. The virus was identified using high-throughput sequencing from a jujube plant (ID: AKS15) and molecularly related to viruses in the family Closteroviridae. The genomic sequences of two PAmpV-Ju variants named AKS15-20 and AKS15-17 were determined by RT-PCR amplifications. The genome structure of PAmpV-Ju was identical to that of a recently reported persimmon ampelovirus (PAmpV) and consisted of seven open reading frames. The genomes of AKS15-20 and AKS15-17 shared 83.7% nt identity with each other, and the highest nt sequence identity of 79% with two variants of PAmpV. The incidence of PAmpV-Ju on Aksu jujube plants was evaluated by RT-PCR assays. The phylogenetic analysis of amplified partial sequences coding for polymerase, HSP70h, and CP revealed two phylogenetic clades represented by AKS15-20 and AKS15-17. Our study provides important evidence for understanding viruses infecting jujube plants and establishing efficient measures to prevent virus spread.

Vulnerability assessment of soil cadmium with adsorption–desorption coupling model

The transfer rate and extent of cadmium (Cd) to groundwater and plants were controlled by soil adsorption and desorption processes, which directly affect agro-environment safety. Cd mobility shift is critical for the correct assessment of pollution vulnerability in different soil types. But the existing experimental methods and traditional quantitative prediction models are time-consuming and have a small scope of adaptation. In this paper, a coupling model of soil Cd adsorption and desorption was developed based on quantitative retention factors to explore the sensitivity of soil environmental factors for Cd pollution and quantify the spatial distribution pattern of Cd pollution vulnerability in highly heterogeneous soils in China. Results showed that: (1) The type of background electrolyte affected Cd adsorption and desorption capacity in soil solution. The performances of the single background electrolyte models (NaNO3, CaCl2, NaCl, KNO3) are better than the mixed background electrolyte model. (2) The contribution values of adsorption and desorption models were compared by sensitivity analysis. (3) Vulnerable areas of soil Cd pollution with higher risk than expected were selected by using the adsorption–desorption coupling model in China, including Tibet Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, northwestern Sichuan Province, southeastern Qinghai Province, Guangdong Province, Guangxi Province, and Yunnan Province. Our adsorption–desorption coupling model can be used as an assessment tool expressing the soil Cd pollution vulnerability based on the available state of Cd, which is expected to provide the quantitative scientific basis for the formulation of Cd quality standard systems and soil remediation measures for regional soil environment protection.

Physical property differences of source rocks in the Lucaogou Formation and adsorption ability variation under their influence

Shale gas exploration is very important for the China in the further. There are many findings of shale gas in Northwest China, especially in Junggar Basin Permian Lucaogou Formation of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. However the basic geological characteristics of Lucaogou Formation is not still clear. In order to solve this problems, Quanzijie shale gas collected from the southern margin of the Junggar Basin is taken as the study area, and shale gas resources are investigated and evaluated using the organic-rich shale section. On this basis, the investigation and evaluation of shale gas resources in the Lucaogou Formation is performed. The reservoir performance, preservation conditions, compressibility, and gas-bearing properties of gas-bearing shale intervals are identified. The results are as follows: The vertical and horizontal lithological and lithofacies variations of the source rocks of the Lucaogou Formation are clarified. This layer is characterized by the upward thinning of grain size and the upward darkening of color in the vertical direction. The layer can be divided into upper and middle-lower sections, with organic shale being most developed in the upper section, and sandstone and dolomite being more developed in the middle and lower area. The main hydrocarbon source rocks are developed in the upper area of the Lucaogou Formation. The total thickness of the hydrocarbon source rocks is 78.12–513.73 m. The lithology is mainly gray-black shale, silty mudstone, and oil shale. The average organic carbon content is 4.86%. The maturity of the organic matter is mainly 0.7–0.8%. The shale reservoirs have a high content of brittle minerals, but the physical properties both of the shale and sandstone reservoirs are poor. These are generally ultra-low porosity and ultra-low permeability reservoirs, in which the oil and gas reservoir space is mainly fractures.

Spatio-temporal variation of PM2.5 pollution in Xinjiang and its causes: The growing importance in air pollution situation in China

Due to the differences in topographic features, water vapor distribution and emission structures between the north and south of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (hereinafter Xinjiang), the air pollution exhibits remarkable spatial heterogeneity in this region. In this study, Xinjiang is divided into four regions from north to south at the municipality scale based on the data from air quality monitoring sites recorded from 2013–2019, namely, the clean area in the north of northern Xinjiang (region I), the heavily polluted area of the Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi region (region Ⅲ), the moderately polluted area in the north of southern Xinjiang (region Ⅱ), and the severely polluted area in the south of southern Xinjiang (region Ⅳ). For highly polluted regions in northern and southern Xinjiang, regions Ⅲ and Ⅳ are compared with those typical polluted regions in central and eastern China, and the spatio-temporal variation characteristics and the causes of PM2.5 pollution in each sub-region are discussed. The results show that the region Ⅲ is a typical area with anthropogenic air pollution source, where the occurrence frequency of PM2.5 pollution with the intensity of moderate level or above (18%) is higher than the most heavily polluted area in central and eastern China (16%, regions from the south of North China to the west of Huang-Huai). The region IV is a typical area affected by dust weather, where the pollution frequency being about 52% is much higher than that in other typical polluted regions. In addition, under the combined effects of anthropogenic sources and dust aerosols, the pollution duration in region II is prolonged. Therefore, in contrast to the remarkable improvement of air quality in central and eastern China, the air pollution in typical regions of Xinjiang has become relatively more severe in recent years. Moreover, as Xinjiang is in the upstream of the central and eastern China in the mid-latitude westerlies, the heavy pollution due to sand and dust, anthropogenic sources and their mixing effects has a far-reaching impact on the downstream areas, further highlighting the growing importance of pollution prevention and control in Xinjiang.

Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) ostracods from East Junggar in Xinjiang, northwestern China

Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) ostracods are described from East Junggar in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (referred here as Xinjiang) of northwestern China. Twenty-one species belonging to 11 genera are recognized. Among them, two are new, Acratia xinjiangensis sp. nov. and Healdianella shiqianensis sp. nov. These species can be referred to the Ostracod Assemblage‐3 (OA-3) of the Shiqiantan Formation, and together with zircon U-P dating suggest a probable Moscovian–Kasimovian (middle–late Pennsylvanian) age for the unit. The OA-3 found in the limestones of the Shiqiantan Formation inhabited in open oceanic island arc context that is ecologically equivalent to the Eifelian Mega-Assemblage, and incorporated smooth-podocopid associations. The Shiqiantan Formation OA-3 thus implies a foreshore to offshore environmental transition within a post-collision rift basin. Zhengjiang Luo [luozj@petrochina.com.cn], Rui Wang [Wangrui@petrochina.com.cn], Aliya Amuti [alya@petrochina.com.cn] and Yong Deng [dengyong@petrochina.com.cn], PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company Research Institute of Experiment and Detection and Joint Laboratory of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS, Karamay, Xinjiang 834000, PR China Yucong Sun [18635935938@163.com], Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, PR China; Wenkun Qie [wkqie@nigpas.ac.cn] and Junjun Song [jjsong@nigpas.ac.cn] State Key Laboratory of Paleobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, PR China.

Protecting Human Rights in the Age of Digital Surveillance: A Comparative Study of Rohingya Refugees and Uighurs in Xinjiang, China.

Protecting Human Rights in the Age of Digital Surveillance: A Comparative Study of Rohingya Refugees and Uighurs in Xinjiang, China.

Development of bilingual education in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China at the present stage

The article examines the features of the system of bilingual education of national minorities in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The specificity of the SUAR lies in the polyethnic and polylinguistic composition of the population. Uighurs and Han Chinese predominate, having socio-economic, religious, cultural, and linguistic differences. It is more difficult for the indigenous Turkic-speaking population to adapt to the modern socio-economic situation, the insufficiently educated population becomes the basis for the development of nationalist and extremist sentiments. The Government notes the relationship between terrorist activity and the educational backwardness of the local Uighur population, which leads to increased efforts to develop bilingual education as a counter-terrorism measure. The 2009 ethnic riots in Xinjiang and the change of leadership in China have strengthened the state's approach to promoting bilingual education. The policy of universalizing Putonghua in Xinjiang schools leads to a rejection reaction among national minorities. Bilingual education is the strategy of the plan for the socio-economic development of the autonomous region by providing Uighurs with language and educational skills to realize opportunities. Bilingual education is carried out at all levels of education: kindergartens, schools, universities. Bilingual education is becoming the main one and is designed to ensure a high degree of socialization of young people from national minorities. Bilingual education leads to ambiguous consequences: It contributes to the socio-economic development of the Turkic-speaking population, but causes discontent among the indigenous population, who perceive it as a violation of nationalculture and customs.

新疆艾比湖胡杨凋落物与裸斑土壤代谢物差异比较

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 新疆艾比湖胡杨凋落物与裸斑土壤代谢物差异比较 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202102030358 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 绿洲生态重点实验室开放课题-胡杨冠下草本植物稀疏的机制研究(2020D04003) Comparison of soil metabolite differences between litter of Populus euphratica and bare spots in Ebinur Lake area, Xinjiang Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: Open Project of Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region-《Study on the Mechanisms of Herbs Sparsity under Populus euphratica Canopy》 (Grant number: 2020D04003). 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:在干旱区荒漠胡杨疏林中,胡杨冠下存在草本植物极其稀疏的裸露斑块(简称裸斑)。为研究胡杨冠下裸斑形成化感机理,以裸斑内、外土壤以及冠下凋落物为研究对象,利用液相色谱-质谱联用技术对不同样本进行代谢组分析,使用PLS-DA鉴定并筛选各组代谢物差异,筛选出裸斑内、外土壤样本中差异显著的代谢物质及其代谢相关通路。研究结果显示,土壤样品中共鉴定出总代谢物质908种(615正,293负);凋落物样品中共鉴定出总代谢物质1291种(760正,531负)。通过筛选、注释并分类各组间差异显著的代谢物发现曲酸、微囊藻毒素、茶碱、辛二酸、花生四烯酸以及反式肉桂酸等化感物质相对定量值均为裸斑内显著大于裸斑外土壤;儿茶素、咖啡酸、吲哚、棕榈油酸、孜然醛、阿魏酸、反式肉桂酸、花生四烯酸、水杨醇以及香豆素等化感物质相对定量值均为凋落物样中显著大于土壤样品。以上胡杨潜在化感物质的积累可能增强植物的化感效应,导致胡杨冠下草本植物种子萌发及生长受到限制。 Abstract:The herbaceous plants are rare under the crown of the natural Populus euphratica stands (referred to as bare spots) in the arid Populus euphratica sparse forest area. To study the allelopathic formation mechanism of the bare spots under the Populus euphratica canopy, the soil inside and outside the bare spots and the litter under the canopy were used as the research objects in Ebinur Lake. We analyzed metabolomes of different samples using LC-MS technology, used PLS-DA to identify and screen metabolite differences in each group, and screened out significant differences in metabolites and their metabolic pathways in soil samples inside and outside of the bare spots. The results of the study showed that 908 total metabolites (615 positive and 293 negative) were identified in soil samples; a total of 1,291 total metabolites (760 positive and 531 negative) were identified in litter samples. By annotation and classification, it is found that the relatively quantitative values of allelochemicals such as Kojic acid, Microcystin, Theophylline, Suberic acid, Arachidonic acid and Trans-cinnamic acid were significantly higher in the bare spot than that in the soil under the tree canopy; In litter samples the relative quantitative values of allelochemicals such as Catechin, Caffeic acid, Indole, Palmitoleic acid, Cumin aldehyde, Ferulic acid, Trans-cinnamic acid, Arachidonic acid, Salicylic alcohol and Coumarin were significantly higher than that in soil samples. The accumulation of the above potential allelopathic substances in soil under Populus euphratica canopy and its litter may enhance the allelopathic effect of plants, leading to restrictions on the germination and growth of herb seeds under the Populus euphratica canopy. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

The Survival Status of Golden and Steppe Eagles in a Capturing Area in China

Our recent investigation in China encompasses the species and number studies of eagles in captivity, study of methods and tools used to capture raptors in the field, investigation into whether there is trade (and at which level), estimation of damage to wild populations and their resources, assessment of the current situation in the field, negative factors, conflicts between laws and traditional culture (such as the Intangible Cultural Heritage), and how to solve and effectively manage them. We know that the sources of origins of eagles are different. Some populations breed in China, while others migrate or pass through China. For example, in Aheqi County, a border county in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, we have counted 412 captured Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in the past 20 years. At least 231 were caught by means of nets (56.1%), and about 163 juvenile birds were taken from their nests (39.6%). And 16 eagles weakened by starvation or overeating frozen food were caught in winter, and 2 were caught as a result of mutual fights. In early August 2023, a survey of eagle training showed that Golden Eagles accounted for 87.3% of all birds, while few falconers use Steppe Eagles (Aquila nipalensis). Certanly, other raptors such as Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis), Saker Falcons (Falco cherrug), Peregrines (Falco peregrinus), and Barbary Falcons (Falco pelegrinoides) are also captured occasionally by local people in Xinjiang. Finally, we are going to discuss some negative factors affecting raptors in steppe and desert regions, including bird mortality at power grid facilities, poisoning, and insufficient prey availability both in nesting areas and on migration paths.

Clinical and endoscopic characteristics of adult celiac disease

Objective: The study aimed to analyze the clinical and endoscopic characteristics of adult celiac disease (CD) to provide a scientific basis for more effective CD diagnosis and treatment. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the clinical and endoscopic data of 96 adult CD patients treated in the Department of Gastroenterology of the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from March 2016 to December 2021 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 96 CD patients were diagnosed, including 33 men and 63 women. The average age was 47±14 years (range, 18-81 years). The disease occurred mainly in the age group of 31-60 years. The median course of the disease was 2.0 (0.2-40.0) years. There were 41 (42.7%) classical and 55 (57.3%) non-classical CD patients. All patients with classical CD showed chronic diarrhea, often accompanied by abdominal pain (46.3%, 19/41), abdominal distension (17.1%, 7/41), anemia (65.9%, 27/41), and chronic fatigue (48.8%, 20/41). The main manifestations of non-classical CD were chronic abdominal pain (58.2%, 32/55), abdominal distension (32.7%, 18/55), anemia (40.0%, 22/55), and osteopenia/osteoporosis (38.2%, 21/55). Compared with non-classical CD, anemia developed more frequently in classical CD, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.012). The incidence of complications in CD patients was 36.5% (35/96), and the main complications were thyroid disease (19.8%, 19/96), connective tissue disease (6.2%, 6/96), and kidney disease (6.2%, 6/96). There was no significant difference between classical and non-classical CD (P>0.05). The frequency of endoscopic manifestations in CD patients was 84.4% (81/96). Duodenal bulb endoscopy showed nodular changes (72.9%, 70/96), grooved changes (10.4%, 10/96), and focal villous atrophy (9.4%, 9/96). The main manifestations of descending endoscopy were the decrease, flattening, or disappearance of duodenal folds (43.8%, 42/96), scallop-like changes (38.5%, 37/96), and nodular changes (34.4%, 33/96). Conclusions: Adult CD patients are mostly female. CD occurred mainly in the age group of 31-60 years. The clinical manifestations were mainly those of non-classical CD. Some patients often had other autoimmune diseases. Patients with characteristic endoscopic manifestations should be warned about the possibility of developing CD. Clinicians should strengthen the understanding of CD and reduce the related rates of missed diagnosis.

Effect of Lactobacillus isolated from Chinese fermented food on antibiotic induced intestinal microflora disorder in early life of mice

This study investigated the effect of Lactobacillus isolated from Chinese fermented food on antibiotic-induced intestinal microflora disorder during the early life of mice. The experimental strain Lactobacillus fermentum (LF) CQPC04 was isolated from naturally fermented pickles in Chongqing, China. Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) KFY02 was isolated from naturally fermented yogurt from Korla in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The results showed that LF-CQPC04 and LP-KFY02 alleviated the decrease in bacterial diversity caused by the antibiotics, maintained the abundance of beneficial bacteria, and reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria. These results suggest that LF-CQPC04 and LP-KFY02 can be used as probiotics to alleviate antibiotic-induced intestinal microfloral disorder.

The US Policy of Sanctions and Restrictions against China. Beijing’s Tactical Countermeasures and Strategic Counteraction Potential

A sharp reversal of the Chinese vector of the US foreign policy inevitably came with the election of Donald Trump to the presidency in 2017, whose entire election campaign was accompanied by accentuated anti-Chinese rhetoric. Beijing’s response to the powerful pressure of the Trump administration was not the curtailment of state industrial development programs (Made in China – 2025, etc.) required by Washington, but the proclamation of a course to ensure the country’s economic security, increase the level of technological self-sufficiency, further strengthen the role of the domestic market and reduce dependence on exports. In particular, the latest provisions were included in the “double circulation” policy adopted in October 2020. By now, Washington has imposed on China, though sensitive, still limited sanctions which generally do not have a significant impact on the socio-economic development of the country. Even with the WH’s firm political will, effective sanctions potential of the US against China is significantly limited due to enormous interdependence of the two largest world economies. In general, the US sanctions of recent years against China can be divided into two large blocks: officially justified by the interests of US national security (restrictions on telecommunications companies, the ban of Chinese software, etc.) and related to accusations of human rights violations (restrictions on Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of the PRC and Hong Kong SAR). However, in some cases the real reason for the restrictions imposed is the desire of the United States to contain China in the context of general political, economic and technological rivalry of the two countries.