XGA Resolution Research Articles

Preview the Products on Display at Display Week 2023

Preview the Products on Display at Display Week 2023

Real-Time Bird’s Eye Surround View System: An Embedded Perspective

ABSTRACT Bird’s-eye surround view is a new type of Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADASs) that provides drivers with a real-time top-down view of their vehicle. This paper presents an architecture for a surround view system based on a Tensilica Vision P5 embedded DSP. Fish-eye cameras mounted on each side of a vehicle are employed in the proposed model. The cameras are able to cover the entire view around the vehicle with overlapping areas between neighboring cameras. We use a morphing approach for joint lens and perspective correction of each view. For stitching frames from different cameras, we assume a fixed geometry which permits off-line calculation of frame transformations, thereby reducing the real-time processing load. To further reduce computational complexity, we employ lookup-tables in the view morphing and blending phases. The Vision P5 core combines the four frames with XGA resolution into a single XGA surround view at 30FPS.

Long Electrode Gap을 가진 Macro Cell에서의 고효율 PDP 특성 연구

Recently, applications of plasma display to the large public display and transparent display gain much attention. With this background, we report characteristics of opposite electrodes discharge cell with long electrode gap in comparison with conventional co-planar surface discharge. The cell size of test panel is , which corresponds to that of the display having diagonal size of 130 with XGA resolution. Electrode gap of co-planar and opposite electrode structure are and respectively. These gap dimensions provide similar driving voltage windows. Experimental results show that opposite discharge provides approximately four fold higher luminous efficacy compared with that of the surface discharge. Resulting efficacy is found to be higher than 19 lm/W in green phosphor with 10 KHz continuous pulse operation.

40.2: An Improved Differential Signaling Scheme for the Chip‐On‐Glass Application of TFT‐LCD

AbstractAn improved signaling scheme for the intra‐panel interface for the chip‐on‐glass (COG) application is proposed. The proposed signaling scheme adopts a transmitter with the current‐mode driver with shunt termination for an impedance matching on the transmitter and a receiver without termination to eliminate the multiple reflections on the transmitter. It obtains good signal quality on the receiver without additional current consumption. The transmitter for the proposed signaling scheme adopts the current‐mode driver with shunt termination instead of the voltage‐mode driver with series termination resistor for minimizing the effect caused by the process dependency of the circuitry in the transmitter. The receiver for the proposed signaling scheme is equipped with the loss compensator to equalize the channel loss caused by the highly resistive signal line‐on‐glass (LOG) and low channel bandwidth due to open termination on the receiver. The proposed signaling scheme is verified with 9.7‐inch XGA (1024RGB×768) resolution TFT‐LCD module for tablet computer. The proposed signaling scheme achieves the low electromagnetic near‐field radiation from the signal lines by acquiring the good signal integrity on the transmission channel.

Demonstration of a multiview projection display using decentered microlens arrays

In this work we present a prototype multiview projection display that combines high-spatial and high-angular resolution with low complexity, compact form factor and potentially low-cost design. The system consists of a single projector and an image steering projection screen. It is based on beam steering using decentered microlens arrays in the projection screen and time-sequential rear-projection of the view images. The prototype has a 25 in. screen, a total of 27 viewing zones with XGA resolution and a horizontal field of view of 30°.

Study on Pulse Waveforms for Improving Voltage Margin and Luminous Efficacy in an AC Plasma Display Panel Having Auxiliary Electrodes

New pulse waveforms applied to an alternating-current plasma display panel (ac PDP) with an auxiliary electrode are investigated for the purpose of improving the panel's operating voltage margin and luminous efficacy. In the proposed pulse waveforms with reciprocal sustain pulses, a pair of positive and negative sustain pulses is applied to the sustain electrodes simultaneously and alternately. A positive auxiliary pulse is applied to the auxiliary electrode immediately after reciprocal sustain pulses. The voltage margin becomes wider, and the luminous efficacy is improved because of the suppression of the discharge toward the address electrode. In the another proposed pulse waveforms with reciprocal sustain and auxiliary pulses, a negative pulse, which is the same as the negative pulse of reciprocal sustain pulses, is additionally applied to the auxiliary electrode when reciprocal sustain pulses are applied. This negative auxiliary pulse can maintain a high level of luminous efficacy because it supports the effect of the auxiliary pulses. The measurement results show that the operating voltage margin is about twice wider than that of the typical pulse waveforms for an ac PDP with an auxiliary electrode; furthermore, the maximum luminous efficacy is able to reach 3.14 lm/W in terms of the measurement of the discharge in a 50-in XGA resolution (0.27 mm × 0.81 mm) panel with a white cell and a gas mixture of Ne+20%Xe.

Plasma display panel design for simultaneous high efficacy and high luminance

The plasma display panel efficacy is known to decrease at high luminance, due to both phosphor and plasma saturation. Especially the default green phosphor Willemite is sensitive to saturation. It is shown that an alternative green phosphor, Y1−xGdxBO3:Tb3+, is less sensitive to saturation than Willemite. Also plasma saturation is decreased in a “high efficiency discharge mode,” for design and driving conditions that govern a fast and spatially distributed discharge development. High Xe-content panels, with somewhat higher drive voltages, are especially suited for operation in this discharge mode. Further, in the high efficiency discharge mode a high luminance is obtained, enabling high resolution designs with a relatively small emissive area. For proper designs, operating in the high efficiency discharge mode and using less saturating phosphors, the combination of a high efficacy and a high luminance is achieved. For VGA resolution 5 lm/W and 5000 cd/m2 and for XGA resolution 4 lm/W concurrent with a luminance of 3400 cd/m2 has been realized in low cost stripe-type barrier rib structures, that were sand-blasted in soda-lime glass. Finally, it is shown that the increasing wall charge loss for increasing discharge confinement at higher resolution causes mainly higher operation voltages, while the influence on discharge efficiency is relatively small.

Reality Augmentation for Medical Procedures: System Architecture, Single Camera Marker Tracking, and System Evaluation

Augmented Reality is an emerging technology that seeks to enhance a user's view by overlaying graphical information. We developed a prototype AR system geared for medical applications. It is built around a stereoscopic head-mounted display of the video-see-through variety. The newest generation of this prototype system exhibits high performance on a standard PC platform. Stereoscopic video images are augmented with medical graphics in real-time at 30 frames per second and with XGA (1024× 768) resolution. The system provides a compelling AR perception: the graphics appears firmly anchored in the scene--there is no time lag between video and graphics or any apparent jitter of the graphics. With the head-mounted display, the user has a natural and direct access to understanding the 3D structure of the scene, based on both stereo and kinetic depth cues. In the present paper, we describe in detail the architecture and several features of the AR prototype system. Head tracking is accomplished with a single-camera system, with the dedicated tracker camera placed on the head-mounted display. This configuration is the foundation of achieving a high-accuracy graphics overlay. We are now exploring the use of the prototype system for a variety of medical applications. This paper gives an overview over the pre-clinical tests that we have performed for interventional guidance. Overall, the feedback has been very positive and encouraging, and we are continuing to work towards realizing the clinical potential of the technology.

An application specific processor-based controller for plasma display panels

To display motion pictures, the driving circuit of an AC plasma display panel (PDP) applies alternating high voltages to selected panel electrodes for only a few microseconds at a time. To direct these high-voltage sequences, the PDP controller produces timed control signals. It also performs PDF-specific video processing work. Recent research on improving the performance of PDPs has resulted in the development of many sophisticated driving methods. The elaborate control schemes for these new driving methods require more flexibility and more scalability than traditional hard-wired controllers can provide. This paper presents a 32-bit processor-based PDP controller, which consists of an application specific processor and several peripheral modules necessary for PDP control. Using software programming, the proposed PDP controller provides the flexibility to implement varied control schemes without hardware redesign. We proved our design by constructing a PDP system, using the proposed PDP controller. The FPGA implementation of the controller runs at 50 MHz, and the system successfully displays motion pictures on a 42-inch panel with XGA resolution

73.3: Ultra-Miniature Projector: A High Resolution, Battery Powered Laser Display

Symbol Technologies has developed a micro laser projection display (LPD), which employs red, green, and blue lasers to produce full color, XGA resolution images. Since lasers are small, power efficient light sources, the device is miniature (3.5 cubic inches) and can be battery operated (5 watts average power consumption). The projected image is always in focus regardless of the distance between the projector and the display surface. The LPD device produces images with 24 bit color depth within an unparalleled color gamut.

Hybrid diffractive-refractive 67°-diagonal field of view optical see-through head-mounted display

Design of a wide-angle off-axis optical see-through head-mounted display (HMD) becomes a challenge since its weight and size are constrained by human factors. Diffractive optics has the potential to play a key role in several areas of head-mounted display. They can reduce size and weight while providing some unique functions that would be difficult to implement with conventional refractive optics. This paper presents a 67°-diagonal field of view, wide spectral band hybrid diffractive-refractive see-through head-mounted display (HMD) using off-axis optics. It possesses a 10 mm exit pupil and a 22 mm eye relief, and satisfies the requirements of human factors. The whole optical system is suitable for a 20 mm-diagonal color liquid crystal display (LCD) with XGA resolution.

New driving method for gray scale expression in AC plasma display panel

In this paper, a new gray scale expression method that divides scan lines into multiple blocks is suggested. The proposed method can drive 16 sub-fields per 1 TV field in the panel with XGA (1366/spl times/768) resolution. Because reset pulse is applied every 2 sub-fields, both the contrast ratio and the dynamic voltage margin are sufficiently obtained in comparison with previous AWD (address while display) methods. In realizing 16 subfields, shortening the scan time in the erase address period was important. The X bias voltage in the erase address period affected the minimum address voltage but did not the delay time of address discharge. The delay time of address discharge was affected by the address voltage and the time interval between the last sustain discharge and the scanning time. We also evaluated the dynamic false contour. The new method shows an improved image quality in horizontal moving, but discontinuous lines were observed at the boundaries of each block in vertical moving.

P‐73: A New Gray‐scale Driving Method in an AC Plasma Display Panel

AbstractIn this paper, a new gray scale expression method that divides scan lines into multiple blocks is suggested. The proposed method can drive 16 sub‐fields per 1 TV field in the panel with XGA (1366×768) resolution. Because reset pulse is applied every 2 sub‐fields, both the contrast ratio and the dynamic voltage margin are sufficiently obtained in comparison with previous AWD (Address While Display) methods. In realizing 16 subfields, shortening the scan time in the erase address period was important. The X bias voltage in the erase address period affected the minimum address voltage but did not the delay time of address discharge. The delay time of address discharge was affected by the address voltage and the time interval between the last sustain discharge and the scanning time. We also evaluated the dynamic false contour. New method shows an improved image quality in horizontal moving, but discontinuous lines were observed at the boundaries of each block.

20.4: Image Quality in Flat Projection Wedges

AbstractWe report a flat projection display with a 20 mm thick screen, 14″ diagonal, brightness of 5000 cdm−2 and resolution of ∼600×800 pixels. The display is made of off‐the‐shelf PMMA and uses an unmodified video projector with only keystone predistortion. Optical modeling predicts XGA resolution on a 20 mm thick screen with a diagonal of 50″, brightness of 500 cdm−2 and contrast the same as for conventional projection.

54.5L: Late‐News Paper: A 24‐inch AM‐OLED Display with XGA Resolution by Novel Seamless Tiling Technology

AbstractWe developed a novel seamless tiling technology for full color AM‐OLED display. This technology is based on three items: 1) TAC‐based tiling structure, 2) High precision tiling process, 3) Brightness and color matching system. As a result, a 24‐inch panel, the largest OLED display ever reported, has been fabricated using 2×2 tiles with no apparent seams.

18.3: A Low‐Power Data Driver with Stepwise Driving Method for TFT‐LCDs

AbstractA stepwise driving method has been successfully applied for AC power saving in data driver circuits of TFT‐LCDs. For DC power saving, we have also proposed dual‐VDD architecture for output buffers of data driver circuits. Experimental results show that over 75% of AC power and about 40% of DC power can be saved for 14.x‐inch or larger size TFT‐LCDs with XGA resolution. The proposed data driver can be realized with very small area‐overhead.

A 15‐in. XGA thresholdless antiferroelectric LCD addressed by TFTs and using the quasi‐dc driving method

Abstract— A 15‐in. TFT‐LCD with XGA resolution using thresholdless antiferroelectric liquid crystal (TLAF) has been developed. TLAF materials show V‐shaped switching and enable display of analog gray scale, wide viewing angle, and fast response. However, in the case that high‐resolution TFT‐LCDs using materials with large spontaneous polarization such as TLAF were driven by the conventional method, alternating current (ac) driving, the obtained contrast ratio was limited because of a sharp decline of holding voltage due to the growth of a depolarization field. In order to enhance the contrast ratio, a novel driving method referred to as quasi‐dc driving was proposed. In the quasi‐dc driving, the polarity of the applied voltage to liquid crystals inverts at certain intervals of several seconds. Moreover, the applied voltage and the charging time at the time of polarity inversion are increased more than the intended signals. By this method, the 15‐in. TFT‐LCD using TLAF with high contrast ratio (more than 100:1) and wide viewing angle was realized.

15.1: Invited Paper: PhotonLink™: An Optical Interface for Remote Digital Displays

AbstractPhotonAge is developing gigabit speed optical links that can support high‐resolution digital displays with a micro‐optical solution that has a small form factor and low cost. The building blocks of PhotonLink™ are fully integrated transmitter/receiver ICs, micro‐optic headers and a fiber jumper. We have demonstrated 400 meter video transmission to an XGA resolution LCD display using our micro‐optical solution. Our optical link can transmit 2.5 Gbps per channel with PCB mountable simple packaging for a variety of applications.

Electro-optical properties of thresholdless antiferroelectric liquid crystal and its application to high-resolution TFT-LCD

Thresholdless antiferroelectric liquid crystal (TLAF) characterized by V-shaped switching in a smectic liquid crystal is very attractive for active matrix driving, but the switching mechanism is not fully understood. We have studied electro-optical properties of the TLAF material MLC-0071, and developed a 15-inch TFT-LCD with XGA resolution using the material. Temperature-dependence of relative permittivity suggested the presence of a Goldstone mode. This result implies the V-shaped switching of MLC-0071 is based on a smectic C*-like phase. From the measurements of optical anisotropy etc., it was found that the TLAF had a chevron structure and the molecules oriented parallel to the substrate plane when gray-level voltage was applied. The 15-inch TLAF-TFT-LCD provided wide viewing angle, high contrast ratio and small color shift.

31.2: Fabrication of 165 μm Pitched PDP Back Panel Based on LTCC‐M Technology

AbstractOrion Electric Co. has developed an XGA resolution, 165 μm pitch 25″ Plasma Display Back Panel by combining the process and cost benefits of the LTCC‐M (Low Temperature Co‐fired Ceramic on Metal) substrate technology with a high‐resolution one‐step “Barrier Embossing” technique. Tensile tests on green sheets were conducted and the effects of green sheet mechanical properties on embossed barrier height were investigated. LTCCM back panels (8″) were sealed to sodalime glass front panels and the assembled parts were successfully evacuated to 10−7 torr without cracks on the glass side.