Abstract The Galα1,3Galβ1,4GlcNAc-R (Gal) Epitope is a major factor in the hyperacute rejection of pig organs transplants in primates. Biologic scaffold materials used for tissue reconstruction and composed of xenogeneic extracellular matrix (ECM) may contain the Gal epitope. However, the effect this epitope has upon the host response is controversial. The present study investigated the effect of the Gal epitope upon the host response to a porcine-derived ECM in an African Green monkey (Cholrocaebus aethiops) abdominal wall resection model. Histologic methods, serology, complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and gene expression profiling were used to evaluate the host response to allogeneic and both wild-type and Gal-deficient xenogeneic scaffold materials. Although expression of the Gal epitope induced an increase in serum anti-Gal antibodies in recipients, no other differences were noted in the host response between test articles. All ECM scaffolds were well tolerated and showed constructive remodeling during the test period. Recipients of all test articles showed no histologic or humoral evidence of sensitization when a second scaffold was implanted 45 days after the original surgery. The findings of the present study show that the Gal epitope within porcine-derived ECM scaffold material causes a serum antibody response, but no adverse effect upon tissue remodeling.