The bulk titanium with a grain size from nanometer to submicron was obtained using cryomechanical treatment. An investigation of nanostructure, determining unusual mechanical properties of the new material, was performed by methods of transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results of a comparative study of the structures formed by deformation at temperatures close to that of liquid nitrogen and room temperature in the case of different activity of sliding and twinning, showed that large degree of grain diminishment at the cryodeformation is caused by mechanical twinning. In this case, the twinning generating a set of diverse orientations due to fragmentation of grains leads to increasing the number of reflexes in X-ray diffraction patterns, providing a random character of the structure/texture. The data on a mean size of a region of coherent scattering (RCS) in crystallites and values of average microdiformations Δɛ were obtained. It is assumed that much smaller values of microdeformations Δɛ after cryorolling are caused by activated relaxation processes due to warming up to room temperature. It is shown that an X-ray amorphous phase presented in nanostructured titanium is not truly amorphous, and corresponds to RCS with the size d <~ 15 nm.