Wurtzite Phase Research Articles

Half Metallic Properties of the Polymorphs of Rubidium Selenide Compound

Half-metallic ferromagnets denote a specific category of compounds where one spin channel exhibits a gap at the Fermi level, contrasting with the metallic nature of the other spin channel. This distinction results in complete carrier spin polarization, reaching 100% at the Fermi level. A first-principles pseudopotential plane-wave method is utilized to examine the structural, electronic, and magnetic characteristics of RbSe across various polymorphs. Our investigation covers the RbSe compound in the CsCl (B2), NaCl (B1), ZnS (B3), NiAs (B81) and wurtzite (B4) phases. The calculations were done using the quantum ESPRESSO code within the generalized gradient approximation. The lattice parameters, bulk moduli, and their pressure derivatives agrees with prior theoretical data for cubic structures. The electronic band structures and density of states indicate the emergence of half-metallic and magnetic properties in RbSe, which stem from the existence of spin-polarized p orbitals within the Se atom. RbSe shows half-metallic behaviour in all structures studied with an integer magnetic moment of 1μB per formula unit for CsCl, NaCl, ZnS; and 2μB for NiAs and wurtzite. Results showed that most energetically stable phase of all five crystal structures studied is the CsCl-type of RbSe.

Simple two-step synthesis of Ag/ZnO nanoparticles with enhanced photocatalytic response

This study presents a simple two-step synthesis method for the fabrication of Ag/ZnO nanocomposites to improve the photocatalytic response of ZnO. The synthesis involves ZnO nanoparticles that were fabricated from the thermal decomposition of commercial zinc acetate. In order to produce Ag/ZnO nanoparticles in a simple two-step process, ZnO nanoparticles were mixed with Ag nanoparticle suspensions previously obtained by the laser ablation of solids in liquids technique at three different fluences. Structural characterization of ZnO powders revealed the presence of single phase wurtzite ZnO nanoparticles with crystal sizes of 20 nm. On the other hand, XRD patterns for a composite sample revealed the presence of signals associated to both ZnO and Ag suggesting that silver nanoparticles were attached to the ZnO particles surface. Optical characterization of the ZnO powders, carried out by UV–vis spectroscopy, showed a strong absorption band centered at 380 nm, which is associated to excitonic transitions in ZnO nanoparticles, whilst absorption measurements of silver nanoparticles colloids revealed the presence of a strong band centered near 412 nm. This band shifts to shorter wavelengths with increasing fluence from 2.6 to 6.2 J cm−2, indicating changes in nanoparticles size. Photocatalytic degradation tests of methylene blue under UV irradiation were carried out using pure ZnO, Ag colloids and Ag/ZnO nanoparticles. After the first 30 min of irradiation, it was observed that the silver nanoparticles reached degradation percentages of 16, 22 and 29% for samples synthesized at 2.6, 4.2 and 6.2 J cm−2, respectively. Meanwhile the ZnO sample reached a value of 13% after 30 min. Regarding the Ag/ZnO composite sample, the percentage of degradation after 30 min was 36%, demonstrating a considerable enhanced photocatalytic activity as compared to ZnO. After 24 h irradiation, Ag/ZnO degraded 95% of the methylene blue solution. It was observed that decorating ZnO with laser produced silver nanoparticles accelerates the photocatalytic response of ZnO by enhancing the activity at short times.

Recent advancement in the synthesis of zinc sulphide thin films

This research work has given an overview on the preparation of zinc sulphide thin films on different types of substrates (quartz, soda lime glass, silicon, polyethylene terephthalate film, fluorine-doped tin oxide glass, indium tin oxide coated glass, silica, stainless steel, mica, microscopy glass slide and (100) GaAs substrate) using different types of deposition methods. XRD data showed information about the different phases (cubic, wurtzite and hexagonal) presented in the obtained as-deposited films and annealed samples. Based on optical studies, the band gap was observed in the range of 2.6 eV to 3.87 eV with good absorption coefficient value (105 to 106 cm-1). Experimental results indicated these films could be used in solar cell applications, anti-reflection coating, photocatalysts, photo detector devices and laser-oriented coating applications.

Synergistic bifunctionality of ZnO nanowalls: Antibacterial activity and photocatalysis through integrated in silico and in vitro approaches

This research investigation delves into the versatile attributes of ZnO nanowalls, specifically probing into their dual functionality encompassing antibacterial and photocatalytic properties. The synthesis of ZnO was achieved by employing a microwave-mediated co-precipitation technique. The resulting sample underwent thorough characterization through diverse analytical methodologies. X-ray diffraction analysis disclosed the prevalence of the hexagonal wurtzite phase, as confirmed by JCPDS card No. 36–1451, with an average crystallite size determined as 23.48 nm. Tauc plot extrapolation method was applied to the UV absorption spectrum to ascertain the bandgap energy. The ZnO nanostructure morphology, featuring multi-directional nano-walls, was unveiled through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The BET nitrogen adsorption technique quantified the surface area of the ZnO sample as 6.69 m2/g. In antibacterial evaluation, the in vitro (disk diffusion) method showcased the remarkable efficacy of ZnO against both gram-positive Staphylococcus sp. and gram-negative E. coli bacteria. Complementing these experimental findings, in silico molecular docking studies exposed both nano ZnO ligands with standard and corrected lattice parameter values exhibiting favorable binding energy. Moreover, the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles exhibited remarkable photocatalytic activity, particularly demonstrated in the decolorisation of Azure A and Azure B dyes, following the first-order Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model. The collective findings underscored a synergistic effect within the fabricated ZnO nanoparticles, showcasing their dual prowess in both antibacterial and photocatalytic activities. The observed phenomenon can be chiefly ascribed to the presence of lattice strain and dislocation density. This intriguing dual functionality positions them as promising candidates for potential applications in wastewater treatment.

Oxygen vacancy-rich high-pressure rocksalt phase of zinc oxide for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

The generation of hydrogen as a clean energy carrier by photocatalysis, as a zero-emission technology, is of significant scientific and industrial interest. However, the main drawback of photocatalytic hydrogen generation from water splitting is its low efficiency compared to traditional chemical or electrochemical methods. Zinc oxide (ZnO) with the wurtzite phase is one of the most investigated photocatalysts for hydrogen production, but its activity still needs to be improved. In this study, an oxygen-deficient high-pressure ZnO rocksalt phase is stabilized using a high-pressure torsion (HPT) method, and the product is used for photocatalysis under ambient pressure. The simultaneous introduction of oxygen vacancies and the rocksalt phase effectively improved photocatalytic hydrogen production to levels comparable to benchmark P25 TiO2, due to improving light absorbance and providing active sites for photocatalysis without any negative effect on electron-hole recombination. These results confirm the high potential of high-pressure phases for photocatalytic hydrogen generation.

Decisive role of preparation technique on the structural, electrical and magnetic properties of vanadium doped ZnO nanoparticles

1% vanadium doped ZnO powders have been successfully synthesized via two different preparation techniques viz., glycine assisted combustion method and mechanical attrition method to understand their impact on the structure-property relation. X-ray Diffraction study validates the Wurtzite phase formation of ZnO with hexagonal structure. X-ray diffraction peak discloses the marked role of size and strain component. Evidently, the shift of lattice strain with the preparation techniques from compressive to tensile nature show the importance of structure property relations in the ZnO compounds. SEM micrographs depict the formation of densely populated nanograins with networking like structures which is characteristics of combustion synthesized product whereas as top down approach exhibits the presence of coarse grains amidst the broken sea of fine particles. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) images display ring and bright circular spot pattern with changes in method of preparation, which further clarifies the distinct nature of investigated ZnO:V particles. Vibrational spectral study gives clear evidence on the structural disorder as deduced from the changes associated with longitudinal optical mode phonon scattering. Interestingly, the UV spectral study divulges the increment in optical band gap as well as a strong visible light absorption (about 30 %) for milled ZnO:V over their chemically prepared counterparts. Photoluminescence spectra of milled V doped ZnO upheld the structural disorder taken place with the suppression of Near Band Edge (NBE) transition and the shifting of broad asymmetric defect emission band towards the lower wavelength regime. Impedance study enlightens the crucial role of synthesis method with 5 times enhanced grain boundary resistance along with suppression of grain contribution in the milled samples. Magnetic study highlights the remarkable distinction of preparation route which alters the ferromagnetic ordering in the combustion synthesized samples to conventional diamagnetic signature of the host ZnO in the milled samples.

Why Is the Bandgap of GaP Indirect While That of GaAs and GaN Are Direct?

Many III–V semiconductors possess direct bandgaps and are thus widely applied in optoelectronics. Although GaN (either in wurtzite phase or zinc blende phase), GaAs, and GaSb are well‐known direct‐gap semiconductors, GaP exhibits an indirect bandgap nevertheless. In this work, the generic rule of energy gaps in GaN, GaP, and GaAs of the zinc blende phase is analyzed, and the trends of gap variation are studied concerning the lattice constant and anion electronegativity. It turns out that GaP actually manifests a normal behavior, the reason why GaN surprisingly has a direct gap is analyzed through examining and perturbing its valence band as well as conduction band (CB). The CB electron shows a non‐negligible probability to emerge near the N cores. The attractive nucleus potential pulls down the CB more strongly at Γ, which is in principle further supported through an analysis of the Kronig–Penney model. The difference between GaP and GaN in this respect is also analyzed in detail.

Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanostructure on the Electrical Conductivity of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Thin Films

Zinc oxide nanoparticles in the form of particles and rods were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination was performed. The results of the SEM tests showed the nanoscale size of zinc oxide nanoparticles was (75 nm) for particles and (150 nm) for rods. An X-ray diffraction examination was carried out, and a comparison was made between the diffraction pattern of the ZnO nanoparticle and the rods. The results showed that the ZnO nanoparticle is in the hexagonal wurtzite phase of the structure of the particles and rods. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (particles and rods) produced by the hydrothermal method have been used as an additive in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer matrix to form PVA–ZnO NPs composite thin films. The optical properties of the membrane were studied using ultraviolet–visible examination, which showed a decrease in the energy gap of the composite thin film compared to the pure membrane. While the electrical properties of composite thin film, including resistivity, mobility and majority carrier charge carriers of composite thin film, were measured using the Hall effect measurement. The results showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles have a higher conductivity than nanorods.

Iron(II)-induced defect luminescence and deconvolution of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic behaviour in Zn(1-x)FexO (x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05) nanoparticles

Zn(1-x)FexO (x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by co-precipitation method and the wurtzite phase was confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The average crystallite size changes from 36 nm to 26 → 23→22 nm as the Fe-doping level varies from 0 to 1% → 3% → 5 % and the lattice strain increases concomitantly. The pristine ZnO NPs exhibit well-defined peak at 370 nm in the UV–vis absorption spectra which gets broadened on Fe-doping. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the pristine ZnO NPs shows a dominant excitonic peak at 390 nm. On Fe(II)-doping, new PL peaks at 449, 490 and 525 nm appear that are attributed to Zn-interstitials (Zni), oxygen vacancies (VO) and Zn vacancies (VZn), respectively. For all the Fe-doped ZnO NPs, M vs H plots have a complex non-saturating appearance indicating combination of ferromagnetic (FM) and paramagnetic (PM) behaviors. The subtraction of PM contribution revealed the FM curves with saturation magnetization (Ms). On going from 1% to 5% Fe-doping, the Ms values increase substantially by 39 times (0.00361 → 0.1398 emu/g) whereas the paramagnetic susceptibility, χP, increased 35 times (0.28 × 10−6 → 9.72 × 10−6 emu g−1 Oe−1).

Sb dopant-induced modifications in CuO–ZnO nanocomposites: Optical, electrical and magneto-dielectric insights for optoelectronic applications

This study involves the synthesis of CuO–ZnO nanocomposites with varying Sb doping levels (0%, 2.5%, and 5%) through a facile sol-gel process. Structural analysis via X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of ZnO's hexagonal wurtzite phase and CuO's monoclinic phase in all samples, indicating reduced crystallinity due to doping. The average crystallite size was determined using Scherrer's formula, revealing a decrease in size with doping (33 nm, 31 nm, and 30 nm for 0%, 2.5%, and 5% Sb, respectively). Morphology and chemical composition were assessed using field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The optical bandgap of the Sb-doped CuO–ZnO nanocomposites was determined using a Tauc plot, resulting in values of 2.48 eV, 2.39 eV, and 2.32 eV for dopant concentrations of 0%, 2.5%, and 5%, respectively. Dielectric permittivity and tangent loss were studied across the frequency range of 100 Hz to 1 MHz at different temperatures ranging from 303 K to 723 K measured between 100 Hz and 1 MHz frequency, revealing Maxwell-Wagner-type interfacial polarization. The dielectric permittivity data reveal anomalous behavior near 673 K, shifting with doping, and is explained by thermal ionization and relaxation mechanisms. The ac conductivity, which varies with frequency, demonstrates low-frequency dispersion and is effectively described by Jonscher's power law aligned with the dielectric analysis. Magneto-dielectric measurements showed a positive effect for permittivity and a negative effect for tangent loss, which may be caused by the changes in dipole alignment. The magneto-dielectric effect was further explored by analyzing the impact of magnetic fields (0–1.5 T) on impedance spectroscopy. Nyquist plots obtained at various magnetic fields were fitted using parallel combinations of resistance-capacitor circuits. These plots were then employed to estimate the contributions of both grains and grain boundaries. Overall, the findings from this study provide a foundation for the development of multifunctional materials with tailored properties for a wide range of optoelectronic devices.

Nanostructured ZnO with Tunable Morphology from Double-Salt Ionic Liquids as Soft Template.

ZnO nanostructures with tunable morphology were synthesized by the hydrothermal method from two ionic liquids (ILs), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [C2mim]CH3CO2 and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [C2mim](CF3SO2)2N and their corresponding double-salt ILs (DSILs). ILs served as soft templates. DSILs were noted for the production of smaller particle size along with uniformity compared to their pure IL counterparts. A changeover of the shape of ZnO from nano-prism to a hexagonal disk-like structure was observed with the addition of [C2mim]CH3CO2 in the medium during synthesis while nano-dice- and rod-shaped particles were obtained from [C2mim](CF3SO2)2N. The effect of concentration of both ILs was explored for the variations of size and shape, and at high concentrations, the morphology was distinct and sharp with uniform size in each case. The synthesized products exhibited excellent phase (wurtzite) purity and polycrystalline nature. The smallest crystallite size was acquired from DSILs, indicating the advantageous effect of the dual anions. The selective adsorption effect of [C2mim]CH3CO2 on certain facets promoted the growth of ZnO clusters along the [1010] direction, while [C2mim](CF3SO2)2N favored the growth along the [0001] direction. Consequently, DSILs rendered interpenetrating hexagonal disks due to the combined action of the anions for controlling the shape. The band gap energies of the nanoparticles (NPs) were consistent with the distribution of size. Extremely strong red emission and negligible UV emission for the synthesized ZnO NPs demonstrate their potential in the advancement of optoelectronic devices.

Enhancing Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Detection: Tailoring ZnO Films Through a Novel Sol–Gel Approach with Ultra-Sonication

In this study, nano-sized Zinc Oxide (ZnO) particles were synthesized using a novel sol–gel process with Zn(NO3)2 solutions, specifically tailored for the development of a highly efficient Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) gas sensing element. The impact of ultra-sonication on the properties crucial for H2S detection was systematically investigated. The resulting ZnO materials exhibited a well-defined crystalline structure along (100), (002), (101), and (102) planes, confirming the formation of the hexagonal wurtzite phase of ZnO. Significantly, an increase in sonication treatment time led to a reduction in particle size. The gas sensing properties for H2S were meticulously analyzed in relation to the varying sizes of ZnO films. Remarkably, the ZnO film fabricated with a 30-minute ultra-sonication treatment demonstrated the highest response to H2S gas at 423 K. The ZnO-thick films exhibited notable sensitivity, coupled with rapid reactivity and recovery times upon exposure to H2S gas. Importantly, our findings establish a direct correlation between the sensitivity of the ZnO sensor and the particle size.

Eco-friendly innovation: harnessing nature’s blueprint for enhanced photocatalysis and antimicrobial potential in multi-structured PN/ZnO nanoparticles

This research unveils an innovative approach to green synthesis, detailed characterization, and multifunctional exploration of bio-functionalized zinc oxide nanoparticles (PN/ZnO NPs) adorned with phytochemicals from Piper nigrum (PN). Employing an extensive suite of spectroscopic techniques and physicochemical methods, including UV–vis spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, the study delves into the unique properties of PN/ZnO NPs. XRD confirms the development of the wurtzite phase with a crystallite diameter of 47.77 nm. FTIR reveals ZnO functionalization by PN’s phytochemicals, while FESEM and HRTEM suggest diverse architectural features. Selected area electron diffraction patterns authenticate the crystalline structure. BET analysis showcases a large specific surface area of 80.72 m2 g−1 and a mesoporous structure. The absorption peak at 372 nm and an energy band gap (E g) of 3.44 eV validate ZnO NP formation. The catalytic performance is demonstrated through the degradation of commercial reactive yellow-17 (RY-17) dye, with PN/ZnO (dosage 300 mg l−1) achieving 94.72% removal at a dose of 120 mg l−1. Pseudo-first-order kinetics govern the photodegradation process. PN-ZnO NPs showcase potent antimicrobial efficacy against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, with varying clearance zones. This study stands as an impactful exploration, integrating green synthesis, detailed characterization, and versatile functionalities of PN/ZnO NPs.

Erratum: “Influence of the temperature on growth by ammonia source molecular beam epitaxy of wurtzite phase ScAlN alloy on GaN” [APL Mater. 11, 031105 (2023)

Erratum: “Influence of the temperature on growth by ammonia source molecular beam epitaxy of wurtzite phase ScAlN alloy on GaN” [APL Mater. 11, 031105 (2023)

Ultra-thin double-layered hexagonal CuI: strain tunable properties and robust semiconducting behavior.

In this study, the freestanding form of ultra-thin CuI crystals, which have recently been synthesized experimentally, and their strain-dependent properties are investigated by means of density functional theory calculations. Structural optimizations show that CuI crystallizes in a double-layered hexagonal crystal (DLHC) structure. While phonon calculations predict that DLHC CuI crystals are dynamically stable, subsequent vibrational spectrum analyzes reveal that this structure has four unique Raman-active modes, allowing it to be easily distinguished from similar ultra-thin two-dimensional materials. Electronically, DLHC CuI is found to be a semiconductor with a direct band gap of 3.24 eV which is larger than that of its wurtzite and zincblende phases. Furthermore, it is found that in both armchair (AC) and zigzag (ZZ) orientations the elastic instabilities occur over the high strain strengths indicating the soft nature of CuI layer. In addition, the stress-strain curve along the AC direction reveal that DLHC CuI undergoes a structural phase transition between the 4% and 5% tensile uniaxial strains as indicated by a sudden drop of the stress in the lattice. Moreover, the phonon band dispersions show that the phononic instability occurs at much smaller strain along the ZZ direction than that of along the AC direction. Furthermore, the external strain direction can be deduced from the predicted Raman spectra through the splitting rates of the doubly degenerate in-plane vibrations. The mobility of the hole carriers display highly anisotropic characteristic as the applied strain reaches 5% along the AC direction. Due to its anomalous strain-dependent electronic features and elastically soft nature, DLHC of CuI is a potential candidate for future electro-mechanical applications.

Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO@ZrO2 nanohybrid for biomedical and photocatalytic applications

The present study was conducted to synthesize zinc oxide decorated on zirconium oxide (ZnO@ZrO2) nanohybrid synthesized through microwave-hydrothermal (MW-HT) method. Various analytical techniques were used to analyze the morphology, surface properties, constitution of hybrid, and elemental composition. Additionally, the anti-microbial activity of ZnO@ZrO2 nanohybrid was assessed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, hemolytic, anti-oxidant as well as anti-inflammatory assay. The hexagonal wurtzite phase of the ZnO was revealed by the XRD analysis. The experimental results reveal that the synergetic effect between the Zn and Zr active sites results an excellent biomedical activity. The ZnO@ZrO2 nanohybrid was successfully applied to the photocatalytic degradation of basic fuchsin (BF) dye within short period of time under visible light (VL) radiation. Moreover, the ZnO@ZrO2 nanohybrid exhibited an extraordinary performance for photocatalytic degradation of BF with a pseudo-first order rate constant (k) of ca. 0.1702 min−1, which was 2.5 and 1.8 fold compared to ZnO and ZrO2 photocatalysts. These results indicated that the ZnO@ZrO2 nanohybrid can be used as a potential biomaterial for bioengineering and photocatalytic applications.

Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by Myrtus communis plant extract with investigation of effect of precursor, calcination temperature and study of photocatalytic performance

An elegant approach was made for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by Myrtus Communis plant extract using two different precursors at variable temperatures (400,600, and 800 °C). The properties of nanoparticles were investigated with PXRD, SEM-EDX, PL, FTIR, and UV–Vis spectrometer. PXRD results inferred that all samples have pure wurtzite phase confirming with JCPDS card No. 36–1451. The UV–Vis spectroscopy exhibited that all estimated bandgaps are a little less than those for bulk ZnO. It was confirmed by EDX spectra that Zn and O atoms are the main compositions of the material. FESEM images displayed hexagonal-like shapes of nanoparticles for all samples prepared with acetate. Hexagonal morphology was observed in the samples having green emission at room temperature PL measurements. It was seen that methylene blue degraded about 90 % after about 20 min of irradiation of UV light for samples calcined at 400 °C. It was also observed that the samples calcined at 400 °C degraded methylene blue by approximately 99 %. This work is the first paper on the morphological utilization and photocatalytic performance of green synthesized ZnO with Myrtus communis plant extract with various calcination temperatures via two different precursor reagents.

Effects of the Growth Facet Shape of Self‐Catalyzed GaAs Nanowires on the Zinc‐Blende–Wurtzite Switching

Herein, the crystal phase switching between the cubic zinc‐blende and hexagonal wurtzite phases in self‐catalyzed GaAs nanowires (NWs) is theoretically studied, considering the dependence of the droplet contact angle on the position at the triple‐phase line. This dependence is calculated for the droplets resting on the NW top facet, which has the shape of truncated hexagon. The nucleation of c and h islands, corresponding to the cubic and hexagonal crystal phases, at the triple‐phase line and in the center of the catalyst–NW interface, is considered within the classical nucleation theory. As a result, the probability of h‐island nucleation as a function of the average contact angle is obtained. It is found that the maximum of this probability shifts to the region of large contact angles when the length of narrow edges of the NW top facet decreases. Also, it is shown that the GaAs island nucleation at the triple‐phase line occurs preferentially in the vicinity of the top facet corners.

Antitumor activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles fused with green extract of Nigella sativa

Zinc oxide nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention as promising candidates in various fields, especially in the realm of medical science. In the present experimental study, the co-precipitation method was used to synthesize chemical and green ZnO NPs. Zinc nitrate Zn (NO3)2 served as the main precursor, while sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and Nigella sativa extract were used to synthesize chemical and green Zinc Oxide nanoparticle, respectively. Then, the chemical and green fabricated Zinc Oxide nanoparticles were subjected to annealing at 400 °C and 550 °C temperature for a period of 2 hours respectively. After final product obtained, various characterization techniques were employed to validate the crystal structure, morphology, optical properties, and functional groups (e.g., OH stretching group, ZnO mode, etc.) via XRD, SEM, UV–Vis, and FTIR analysis. The Scherer formula was applied to calculate the average crystalline size of green and chemical fabricated Zinc Oxide nanoparticles, which confirmed the presence of the hexagonal wurtzite phase. Moreover, the fabricated products were finally tested for anticancer activity using MTT assay by optimizing cellular absorption against concentration. The MTT assay confirmed significant antitumor/anticancer efficacy against HepG2 cancer cells for both green actively and chemical fabricated Zinc Oxide nanoparticles superficial. The current development of this novel experimental strategy is anticipated to make a substantial contribution in the field of biomedical sciences, particularly in anticancer activity.

Growth mechanism, structure, stoichiometry and optical properties of electrochemically grown iron selenide and ferroselite thin films

In this present work, FeSe and FeSe2 thin films were deposited on ITO substrate at different electrolytic bath temperatures at 30 °C and 70 °C by using electrodeposition method. The growth mechanism was investigated via cyclic voltammetry with the potential window was found to be −1600 to 1600 mV versus SCE and the formation of well adherent film was found to be higher bath temperature. XRD result shows the deposited FeSe and FeSe2 films found to exhibit stoichiometric wurtzite and orthorhombic phases respectively. The microscopic observation shows, the uniform particle growth of FeSe and FeSe2 was found to be higher electrolytic bath temperature at 70 °C. The EDX analysis shows the deposited FeSe and FeSe2 films at higher temperature elemental is stoichiometric ratio. The determined bandgap values for FeSe (1.26 eV) and FeSe2 (1.07 eV) deposited at 70 °C. Also, we observed that the refractive indices (n) values was increased for the film deposited from 30 °C to 70 °C resulting, the estimated refractive indices (n) for FeSe and FeSe2 are 3.16 and 3.45 respectively. Furthermore the most significant optical parameters extinction coefficient (k), optical conductivity (σoptical), real (Ɛ1) and imaginary (Ɛ1) dielectric constants and dissipation factor (tan δ) are determined in order to investigate their usefulness in photovoltaic applications.