Wuhan Iron Research Articles

Equity evaluation of urban green space in the main urban area of Wuhan based on green view index.

Green space is a kind of resource welfare. The evaluation of green space equity based on green view index (GVI) is important to ensure the equitable distribution of green resources. Taking the central urban area of Wuhan as the research object, based on multi-source data such as Baidu Street View Map, Baidu Thermal Map, and satellite remote sensing images, we evaluated the equity of spatial distribution of GVI in Wuhan by using the locational entropy, Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve. The results showed that 87.6% of the points in the central urban area of Wuhan were below the level of poor green vision, which mainly concentrated in Wuhan Iron and Steel Industrial Base of Qingshan District and south of Yandong Lake. The number of points reaching an excellent level was the least (0.4%), mainly concentrated around the East Lake. The overall Gini coefficient of GVI in the central urban area of Wuhan was 0.49, which indicated that the distribution of GVI was heterogeneous. The Gini coefficient of Hongshan District was the largest at 0.64, indicating a huge gap in the distribution of GVI, while the Gini coefficient of Jianghan District was the smallest at 0.47, with a large gap in the distribution. The central urban area of Wuhan had the most low-entropy areas for 29.7% and the least high-entropy areas for 15.4%. There were two-level differences in entropy distribution within Hongshan District, Qingshan District, and Wuchang District. The nature of land use and the role of linear greenery were the main factors affecting the equity of green space in the study area. Our results could provide theoretical basis and planning reference for optimizing urban green space layout.

A Study of the Early Construction of the Wuhan Iron and Steel Company

In 1954, the construction of Wuhan Iron and Steel Company started, which is one of the large-scale iron and steel enterprises invested and constructed by the state after the founding of New China. The construction of Wuhan Iron and Steel Company was carried out under the policy of state-owned national construction. The site of Wuhan Iron and Steel Company was determined by experts. New China planned to allocate people, money and materials as the basis for the construction of Wuhan Iron and Steel Company. In 1956, WISCO planned to start a total of 17 projects, and in 1957, a total of 23 system projects, 136 projects and 313 individual projects were under construction at Wuhan Iron and Steel Company. In 1958, WISCO No.1 Blast Furnace went into operation, and No.1 Blast Furnace is the first modernized blast furnace for iron production built by Wuhan Iron and Steel Company. The brilliant construction achievements of Wuhan Iron and Steel Company fully demonstrated the inevitability of exploring the development of iron and steel business in a state-owned and nationalized way in the Chinese society since the modern times.

Analysis on the Consequences of Baoshan Iron and Steel Group's Absorption and Merger with Wuhan Iron and Steel Group

Using Baoshan iron and steel group and Wuhan iron and steel group as the research objects, this paper will introduce the state-owned enterprises in China. Firstly, it introduces the basic information and merger motivation of the two companies. Secondly, through the event study method and comparative analysis method, further investigating the changes of stocks after business merger. Finally, using the data of financial statements and relevant numerical analysis, it is found that the merger has a certain positive impact on the fluctuation of the company's value and share price, and effectively improves its position and value in the market.

Pollution Characteristics and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Street Dust from a Typical Industrial Zone in Wuhan City, Central China.

This study aimed to assess the pollution levels, sources, and human health risks of heavy metals in street dust from a typical industrial district in Wuhan City, Central China. In total, 47 street dust samples were collected from the major traffic arteries and streets around Wuhan Iron and Steel (Group) Company (WISC) in Qingshan District, Wuhan. The concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, Fe, Cu, and Cd) in street dust were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results indicated that the mean concentrations of Zn (249.71 mg/kg), Cu (51.15 mg/kg), and Cd (0.86 mg/kg) in street dust were higher than their corresponding soil background values in Hubei Province. Heavy metal enrichment is closely related to urban transportation and industrial production. The pollution level of heavy metals in street dust was assessed using the geo-accumulation method (Igeo) and potential ecological risk assessment (PERI). Based on the Igeo value, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ni showed no pollution, Zn and Cu showed light to moderate contamination, and Cd showed moderate contamination. The PERI values of heavy metals in street dust ranged between 76.70 and 7027.28, which represents a medium to high potential ecological risk. Principal component analysis showed that the sources of heavy metals in street dust were mainly influenced by anthropogenic activities. Among the studied metals, Cu, Cr, Zn, Fe, and Mn mainly come from industrial processes, while Ni and Cd come from traffic exhaust. The non-carcinogenic risk indexes of heavy metals for children and adults are ranked as Cr > Cu > Ni > Cd > Zn. The health risks to children through the different exposure pathways are higher than those for adults. Hand-to-mouth intake is the riskiest exposure pathway for non-carcinogenic risk. In addition, Cr, Ni, and Cd do not pose a carcinogenic risk for the residents.

Learning-Based Key Points Estimation Method for Burden Surface Profile Detection in Blast Furnace

Accurate Burden Surface Profile (BSP) detection is important for the operation of Blast Furnace (BF). The signal-to-noise ratio of radar signals changes greatly during both the charging period of BF and the long maintenance period of the radar device, which increases the difficulty of radar BSP detection. The traditional radar BSP detection method based on signal energy relies on manually selected detection thresholds according to the noise intensity. Hence, the accuracy of the traditional radar BSP detection method is not reliable in the long term. To address this problem, we propose a novel learning-based Key Points estimation (KP-BSP) method to detect the key points of radar reconstructed BSP image, and a new Key Points-based Connected Region Noise Reduction (KP-CRNR) algorithm to remove the noise-affected regions. The prediction deviation at detected key points (at the positions of the mechanical probes) is then used to correct the radar detection results, leading to the improvement of radar detection accuracy. The experimental data were collected from Wuhan Iron Steel Company No.7 BF. The results show that the proposed methods can achieve an average RMSE of 0.0156m, which is improved by more than 50% compared with previous methods. The long-term reliability of the proposed method is also demonstrated in this dataset.

WISCO’s Low-carbon Transformation Based On LEAP And Scenario Analysis

The paper takes Wuhan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “ WISCO “) energy consumption and carbon emissions as the research object, and analyzes WISCO’s carbon emissions. Through the construction of WISCO’s Long range Energy Alternatives Planning system (hereinafter referred to as LEAP) prediction model for energy consumption and carbon emissions, three scenarios have been set up: a baseline scenario, an energy efficiency improvement scenario, and an energy structure change scenario to measure WISCO’s carbon emissions. Based on the results of the LEAP model, this article puts forward the following recommendations for WISCO’s low-carbon transformation. WISCO must strictly control steel output.WISCO should introduce electric furnaces to increase the proportion of electric furnace steel. While ensuring the supply of scrap steel resources, WISCO ought to use scrap steel efficiently. In addition, introduction of hydrogen direct reduction iron technology is also crucial to WISCO in a planned way.

Pollution and health risk assessment of arsenic in street dust and soil from an industrial zone

Taking an industrial area in Wuhan as the research object, single factor index, Geoaccumulation index and EPA health risk model are utilized to evaluate the pollution pattern and health risk of arsenic (As) in street dust with different particle fractions and soil. The results showed that the content of As in street dust increased with the decrease of particle size. The average content of As in street dust with fine particle fraction and soil exceeded the soil background value of Hubei Province, but did not exceed the screening value of “Soil Environmental Quality Construction Site Soil Pollution Risk Control Standards (Trial)”. The content of As in soil had a high correlation with that of dust with < 63 particle fraction at the corresponding point, with high fit degree (R2=0.6012). There was moderate to heavy pollution of As in areas surrounding industrial enterprises like Wuhan Iron and Steel, cement plants, and areas with high traffic flow and construction sites. The As of street dust and soil at some points posed a non-carcinogenic risk to children, but no carcinogenic risk. The ingestion pathway was the largest non-carcinogenic exposure route of As in street dust and soil from the research area.

De-industrialisation in the world’s factory: a microscopic analysis of the restructuring of Wuhan Iron and Steel Company (WISCO), Wuhan, China

Analysis of deindustrialisation remains dominated by studies of the OECD countries. The process has only recently been studied in newly industrialised countries and regions yet in a geographically constrained manner, dominated by macro-level, sectorial-based analytical frameworks. China so far has not featured highly in this emerging literature as its deindustrialisation is a more recent phenomenon overshadowed by ongoing industrialisation. This article contributes to an understanding of deindustrialisation in a microscopic empirical analysis of a China case. The microscopic approach is particularly relevant in China where state-owned, self-contained enterprises, or ‘danweis’, used to shape the industrial and social lives of urban Chinese, but it is also relevant to understanding processes of deindustrialisation elsewhere where these involve iconic, single industry or company communities. Adopting a case-study ethnographic approach, this study examines the transformation experienced by the iconic Wuhan Iron and Steel Company (WISCO) in Wuhan, Central China, and reveals variations in the pace of change in industrialisation and the ‘half-life’ of deindustrialisation as it is moderated by the institutionalisation and social life of danweis in China.

From Socialist Subject to Capitalist Object: Industry Enclave Life Past and Present in Wuhan

AbstractThere is no better place to explore the relationship of industry enclaves to urban life than China, where traditional danweis (work units) have coexisted with new foreign direct investment enclaves. Here we draw on original interviews with workers at Wuhan Iron and Steel Company (WISCO) and Foxconn in the city of Wuhan to examine industry enclaves old and new in terms of their spatial arrangement, work, institutions, and social life and identity. The article is one of the first to integrate urban and economic geographical perspectives on the subject of enclaves. It provides evidence of similarities and contrasts in the spatial arrangement of work, institutions, life and identity centred on industry enclaves old and new. These contrasts reflect wider relations between the state and the market and between social subject and commodified labour in China. In conclusion, we identify several research directions concerning the scale, diversity and reach of urban enclavism in China and beyond.

Case analysis of novel coronavirus pneumonia in the Second Hospital of Wuhan Iron and Steel Company, Qingshan District, Wuhan, China.

To analyze the clinical and infectious characteristics of new coronavirus pneumonia with diagnosed and suspected cases in the Second Hospital of WISCO(Wuhan Iron and Steel Company) of Qingshan District, Wuhan City, and further enhance the understanding of new coronavirus pneumonia. According to the fifth and sixth editions of the new coronavirus pneumonia diagnosis and treatment plan issued by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China and National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, we carried out the case analysis and infectious disease investigation and research on the confirmed and suspected cases of new coronavirus pneumonia admitted to the second-floor ward of the hospital from January 28th, 2020, to February 26th, 2020. From January 28th, 2020 to February 26th, 2020, 83 patients were admitted, 40 were cured, and 7 died. Before February 13th, 69 patients were admitted, including 22 confirmed patients and 47 suspected patients. After February 13th, the data of newly hospitalized suspected patients decreased to 2 people. The average time from onset to diagnosis was 5.38 days. About 57.1% of the confirmed patients were isolated at home before admission, and 53.2% of the suspected patients were isolated by hospital observation before admission. The proportion of fever and other clinical symptoms was 81.8%, 65.5% of the patients had the fastest heart rate of 90-120 rpm, and 11 of the patients had severe/critical illness, accounting for 20%. The count of leukocytes, neutrophils, and C-reactive proteins (CRPs) in severe patients was higher than those in light patients (P<0.05), and the count of lymphocytes was lower than that in mild patients (P=0.016). The novel coronavirus pneumonia in Qingshan District of Wuhan in February was diagnosed promptly, controlled,and treated effectively. The combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of new coronavirus pneumonia might help patients.

Characterization of a high cadmium accumulating soil bacterium, Cupriavidus sp. WS2

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most harmful heavy-metals, its accumulation in crops can lead to severe ecological and healthy problems. Bioremediation using microbes to remove Cd or reduce the bioavailability of Cd is considered as a promising approach for Cd pollution control. Here, we described the isolation and characterization of a high Cd-accumulating bacterial strain, Cupriavidus sp. WS2, from the heavy-metals contained soil at the Wuhan Iron and Steel Company area. WS2 can survive under the high Cd conditions and immobilize Cd by biosynthesizing intracellular Cd-containing nanoparticle inclusions. In the co-inoculation test WS2 also significantly decreased the accumulation of Cd in rice seedlings. All our results suggested that Cupriavidus sp. WS2 may harbor a great potential for the bioremediation applications of Cd pollution.

Chemical characteristics and source apportionment of PM2.5 in Wuhan, China

Continuous online measurements of fine particulate matter mass (PM2.5) and its chemical composition were carried out at an urban monitoring site in Wuhan from March 2017 to February 2018. The PM2.5 mass concentration ranged from 6.3 to 223 μg/m3, with the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. Water soluble ions (WSIs) were the most abundant component in PM2.5 (28.8 ± 22.9 μg/m3), followed by carbonaceous aerosol (11.9 ± 10.4 μg/m3) and elements (5.5 ± 6.7 μg/m3). It is noteworthy that six episodes of sustained high PM were observed during the study period. Five major contributors of PM2.5 were identified by positive matrix factorization (PMF) to be the iron and steel industry, fugitive dust, secondary photochemistry, traffic-related emission and biomass burning, contributing 26.3%, 5.5%, 29.5%, 29.2% and 9.6% to PM2.5, respectively. Furthermore, conditional probability function (CPF), trajectory analysis and potential source contribution function (PSCF) were used to identify the influences of local activities and regional source. Local sources mainly include Wuhan iron and steel group, construction sites and urban trunk roads, etc. Three pollution transport pathways of PM2.5 in Wuhan were identified to be northwest, east and south pathway, with the relative contribution of 40%, 17% and 43%, respectively. Western Henan, northern Shaanxi and southwestern Shanxi were identified to be the major potential source regions of PM2.5 in Wuhan.

Effect of Original Microstructure on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High Strength Steel WHF1500H during Hot Forming

The press hardening steel sheets WHF1500H with different original structures produced by compact strip production (CSP) line in Wuhan Iron and Steel Ltd. were austenitized at 950 °C for 5 min, and then hot stamped and quenched by using the flat die. The microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated by optical microscope, transmission electron microscope and universal testing machine. The results show that the microstructure after stamping and quenching is fully composed of lath martensite. The mechanical properties of the steel samples with different original structures are different after hot stamping and quenching, and this difference is smaller than that before hot stamping and quenching. When the original structure consists of ferrite and pearlite, the austenite grains after austenitization are fine and uniform. In addition, the martensite structure obtained after hot stamping and quenching is also uniform and fine, leading to higher mechanical properties. With the increase of the strength of the original steel, when the original structure is martensite, the austenite grains after austenitization are coarse, and the martensite structures obtained after quenching is also coarse, and thereby decreasing the strength.

Experimental and Numerical Study on Lateral-Torsional Buckling Behavior of High Performance Steel Beams

A new type of high performance steel (HPS), designated WGJ steel, with high strength as well as improved fire and corrosion resistance, was recently developed by Wuhan Iron and Steel (Group) Company. This paper investigated the lateral-torsional buckling behavior of beams fabricated of WGJ steel through experimental and numerical analysis. Welded I-section beams were tested under concentrated loads, which indicated that lateral-torsional buckling was the dominant failure mode. A finite element model was established and validated by the experimental results. Parametric analyses were conducted to further understand the effect of steel strength on the lateral-torsional buckling capacity of steel beams. The numerical results were compared with design values obtained from the clauses in Eurocode 3 and GB50017. It is found that the design equations in GB50017 give less safe margins for the overall stability design of welded I-section beams fabricated of WGJ high performance steel, whereas Eurocode 3 appears to be more conservative in all conditions.

Power Cooling

During the last years international steel producers have been following a market trend to develop and produce new steel grades with higher strength and larger thickness. When attempting to improve the metallurgical properties in the cooling section, the existing cooling equipment in hot strip mills often reaches its limit. Primetals Technologies offers its Power Cooling solution to upgrade existing cooling lines as well as for new hot strip mills. With this type of equipment highest cooling rates can be achieved and therefore steel producers are capable of producing new steel grades with higher strength at lower costs. A new power cooling system was installed immediately behind the finishing mill gauge house at Wuhan Iron and Steel Company’s (WISCO) HSM No. 2 in Wuhan, China. The Power Cooling system widens the product range and gives WISCO the capability to produce high-strength steel grades (AHSS) with strength levels of more than 1,000 MPa, e.g. HSLA steel or as-hot-rolled multi-phase steel. Due to the extremely wide control range of the flow rate, the installation allows for maximum metallurgical flexibility. On the other hand, the new equipment allows for the most economic production of line-pipe material like API X80 in a thickness range up to 25.4 mm (1 inch).

Process, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of X90 Pipeline Steel

This paper provided a detailed description of X90 pipeline steel developed in Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation (WISCO), including its metallurgical design, manufacturing process, structural characteristics and mechanical properties. Some key issues such as the cooling rate and rolling parameters were addressed for the development of X90 pipeline steel. The experimental results showed that the manufacturing process of controlled rolling (for austenite refining) + relaxation (for ferrite phase transformation) +ultrafast accelerated cooling could guarantee very fine microstructure and excellent mechanical properties. The X90 pipeline steel developed in WISCO has a good match of high strength and excellent toughness. Mechanical properties of X90 coils, plates and corresponding SSAW and LSAW pipes comprehensively meet the technical requirements of China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC).

Study on Location of Wuhan Steel Logistics Distribution Center

This paper studies the location of Wuhan steel logistics distribution center. First of all, according to Wuhan Iron and Steel Plant sales in Hunan Province and the relative position of the city, the transport costs are calculated from Wuhan Iron and Steel Plant to the demand point. We further analyze the necessity of establishing steel logistics distribution center, using the precise center of gravity to determine the actual location of the distribution center. After the establishment of distribution center, the total freight is reduced by 15.46 million yuan from Wuhan Iron and Steel Plant to each city in Hunan province via distribution center each year. The results of this paper can provide theoretical basis for the logistics node planning of related enterprises.

The External and Internal Factors That Influence the Choice of Foreign Entry Modes at Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation

The purpose of this research is to increase our understanding of how the process of internationalization is intertwined with the set of external and internal factors that determine choice of foreign entry mode at Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation (WISCO). To satisfy the purpose of our study, the following research question was addressed: RQ: How can the influence of external and internal factors on WISCO’s choice of foreign entry mode be described? In this paper, a selection of the literature and existing research on the choice of foreign entry modes are reviewed, and at the same time, we develop a conceptual framework based on the theories and references that were reviewed, and then going more in detail into the external and internal factors influencing the choice of foreign target market. A summary of conceptual framework was presented, which then will be used as a basis for the data collection. Data collected on the company WISCO that was analyzed against existing theories brought us to certain conclusions which we present at the end of this paper. The fact that a single case would not allow us to generalize is not overlooked. However, in-depth analysis of the company WISCO has shed light on aspects of internationalization choice of entry modes which deserve consideration.

Analysis of African Iron and Steel Market for Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation (WISCO)’s Possible Entry: Preliminary Screening and Final Selection Statistical Scoring Model

This paper described the second part of my PhD research project where African Iron and Steel Market was investigated to support the decision of the entry of Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation (WISCO) into African Market. The data used are the same as previous study, observations of macroeconomic variables, such as GDP per capita, the index of consumer prices, import iron, the real effective exchange rate, the number of urban population, imports and exports total made on 19 African countries for a period that spans from 2008 to 2012. The countries concerned are: Algeria, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Seychelles, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, and Zambia. The empirical study in this paper is divided into two parts: the first part is preliminary screening and the second part is the final selection statistical scoring model. In the first part, the preliminary screening was made by ranking the panel data by political stability variable as it was the main decision criteria of WISCO’s international market selection into the African Iron and Steel Market. We sorted our 19 Africa countries for our study by political stability and absence of violence/terrorism percentile value 2013 from the largest to smallest and selected the first 10th rank. The 10 countries that were selected to the next step of our study from our preliminary screening were: Mauritius, Seychelles, Zambia, South Africa, Senegal, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Togo and Morocco. In the second part of the empirical findings, we analyzed African Iron and Steel Market following the steps of our final selection statistical inverse coefficient of variation scoring model. We started by analyzing statistical inverse coefficient of variation of every variable in the demand side, in supply side, and then, we analyzed the final score made by every country and suggested a final selection. Our analysis of the final score concluded that the five countries that would be suggested to Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation (WISCO) were: first, Togo with a final score of 70.20, second, Tanzania with a final score of 18.63, third, Morocco with a final score of 15.58, fourth, Senegal with a final score of 14.57, and fifth, Mozambique with a final score of 13.68. WISCO then can choose from these five suggested countries to enter into African Market.

Effects of Initial Material Conditions on the High Temperature Surface Oxidation of Press-Hardening Steels

The 22MnB5 steel of Wuhan Iron with three early treatment (pickling, cold-rolling and cold-rolled annealing), then high-temperature oxidation, surface morphology and element of the oxide layer were observed after oxidation testing. The result shows that the oxide layer thickness of cold-rolled annealed sheet is maximal, followed by cold rolled sheet, the pickling sheet is minimum; The surface roughness is associated with degree of oxidation; Si and Cr content increase sharply in oxide layer of 22MnB5 steel after annealing, annealing and cold rolling have little effect of Mn content in the oxide layer.