Wrong Crowd Research Articles

Treating Delinquent and Feebleminded Juveniles at the Beloit Industrial School for Girls in Early Twentieth-Century Kansas.

This study explores the troubling and unintended consequences of public health efforts to address the problem of juvenile delinquency and feeblemindedness. Health care professionals, superintendents, and other authority figures equated undesirable juvenile behaviors such as keeping "bad company" or "falling in with the wrong crowd," truancy, and petty theft with poor breeding, low intelligence, and inheritable criminal tendencies. This article interrogates historical documentation culled from the Kansas State Historical Society (KSHS) and focuses on a few specific cases to reveal the ways a patriarchal political and medical state system both protected and alienated young woman accused of a myriad of behavior issues including delinquency, incorrigibility, and feeblemindedness. I highlight the lives of juvenile women sentenced to the Beloit Industrial School for Girls not simply to better understand an isolated period in United States history but also reproduction. The broader implications of the narratives of girls housed at the Beloit Industrial School for Girls throughout the first half of the twentieth century in Kansas reveal troubling and unintended consequences of public health efforts to fix the problems of delinquency, contagion, and the generational inheritance of undesirable characteristics.

How Do You Solve a Problem Like Marcus?

This case follows Heather Grant as she begins her new role as manager of the Staunton, Virginia, branch of Loom & Ferris, a mid-sized call center specializing in printing, branding, and logos for corporate clients. As the new manager, Grant's role is to increase morale among her employees and to improve sales and productivity. She decides to spend her first week observing the call center and getting to know her new employees before making any decisions. Her arrival is not welcome to most of her employees, and she knows that because the company's sales are falling, she may have to fire some of them. Marcus Feeny, one of the employees, arrives late and unruly on Grant's first day, of which she takes notice. She recognizes him because he has the best sales numbers of anyone in the branch by far. Throughout the week, she observes Feeny to be consistently late, unkempt, and disruptive to his colleagues. His bad attitude does not go unnoticed by his colleagues. After a heated argument between Feeny and another employee, Grant calls him into her office to speak with him. She brings up his behavior and appearance at work, and he is immediately defensive and brings up his sales numbers. She recognizes that he sees himself as in the right, even though his colleagues believe that he is getting special treatment by being allowed to flout the office rules. At the end of her first week, Grant realizes that she will have to let some employees go to keep the branch afloat. She must decide the best course of action and whether or not Feeny should stay. Excerpt UVA-OB-1310 Sept. 18, 2020 How Do You Solve a Problem Like Marcus? Heather Grant spent all week preparing for her new job. She had just been appointed manager of the Staunton, Virginia, branch of Loom & Ferris, a midsized call center that specialized in printing, branding, and logos for large or small corporate clients. She would be starting in a week and wanted to make sure that her transition into the team went as seamlessly as possible. This was her first big promotion to a head position, and after working her way up the ladder for 15 years, she finally thought she had turned her life around. When Grant was young, she had fallen in with the wrong crowd and ended up incarcerated for shoplifting. At that time she knew her life could have gone either all the way down or nowhere but up. She couldn't help but remember the days when she thought everyone in her life had forsaken her until her first boss Marie, a salon owner, had given her a chance. From there Grant had pulled herself up by the bootstraps, slowly making her way up from her secretarial job. Once she was employed by Loom & Ferris, she worked hard, often staying late to review sales reports, and striving to keep clients happy. She listened to business strategies at meetings, volunteered to help company managers, and over time learned the ins and outs of the company's business. Finally the time and work she put in paid off with a promotion, and now she was in a position to help shape other people's lives as well. . . .

Hanging Out with the Wrong Crowd? The Role of Unstructured Socializing in Adolescents’ Specialization in Delinquency and Substance Use

Despite abundant attention to offending specialization in criminology, scholars have only recently started to explore opportunity-driven explanations for within-individual patterns of specialization. The current study examines whether unstructured socializing with specific friends can explain within-individual changes in adolescents’ degree of specialization in delinquency and substance use. Data were derived from the PROSPER Peers Project, a longitudinal study consisting of five waves of data on 11,183 adolescents (aged 10 to 17). The data include self-reports about engagement in delinquency and substance use, sociometric information, and information on the time respondents reported spending in unstructured socializing with their nominated friends. Hypotheses were tested with negative binomial and binomial logit multilevel models. The findings indicate that involvement in unstructured socializing with friends who steal, vandalize, commit violence, use alcohol, use cigarettes, or use drugs enhances adolescents’ risks for engagement in those respective behaviors. Such activity affects adolescents’ quantitative engagement as well as their level of specialization in these behaviors. The study indicates that routine activity—in particular involvement in unstructured socializing—explains within-individual changes in deviance specialization among adolescents. Thus, exposure to opportunities can explain why adolescents specialize in certain types of delinquency and substance use in one time-period, and in other types of behavior in other time-periods. This adds a proximate explanation for this phenomenon to other explanations that focus on local life circumstances and peer group affiliation.

Falling in with the wrong crowd: linkage in the age of populism

ABSTRACTThe article examines the role of linkage in Viktor Orbán’s Hungary, where liberal democratic institutions and practices have eroded since 2010. Levitsky and Way (2010, Competitive authoritarianism: hybrid regimes after the Cold War, New York: Cambridge University Press) provided a definition of linkage, and theorized an important role for these links in the democratization process. However, there has been less examination of how linkages affect the quality of existing democracies. Looking at the case of Hungary, I formulate hypotheses about the role of linkage and maintaining the quality of democracy. I propose that links that may encourage democratization have proven too weak to sustain democratic quality in the face of illiberal, populist challenges. I also argue that new linkage patterns have been forming with tend to degrade democratic quality, specifically between populist parties in Hungary and those in other parts of Europe; and between Hungarian parties and various institutions, including parties and the state, in Russia. The paper hopes to use the linkage model to inform developments in the literature on democratic regression and democratic quality.

The Company States Keep: International Economic Organizations and Investor Perceptions. By Julia Gray. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

How do countries establish a reputation for being creditworthy? Previous research focuses on the economic fundamentals, policy reforms, political environment, and past behavior. Julia Gray posits a new mechanism—peer effects. Through close association with low-risk countries, a government can improve its own reputation among investors. Likewise, the reputation of a country worsens when it hangs out in the wrong crowd. Membership in regional economic organizations provides the key forum for establishing a peer group in Gray’s book, and she presents comprehensive evidence that documents the impact of membership on sovereign credit risk. The argument is original and compelling, with profound implications for rethinking investor decisions and the informational role of international institutions. The deft use of evidence that ranges from sophisticated statistical analysis of bond yields to interviews of government officials sets a model for scholarship. In a novel twist, The Company States Keep highlights a role for institutions to provide information beyond the specific reforms that are demanded of entrants. In contrast to theories that argue that institutions help states make credible commitments to policy reforms, for Gray the partners in the organization are more important than the policies—a state with a high risk profile can in effect borrow credibility by virtue of its shared membership in an organization with other states that are low risk irrespective of whether the state implements extensive reforms. This argument relies on a view of investors who are flooded with information and seek cues to inform their credit valuations. Accession to regional economic organizations leads investors to place a government into a new category of risk level based on what they know about the other members of the organization. Is this an irrational investor decision? Not necessarily. Certainly the

The Truth about My Success by Dyan Sheldon (review)

Reviewed by: The Truth about My Success by Dyan Sheldon Amy Atkinson Sheldon, Dyan The Truth about My Success. Candlewick, 2015 [352p] ISBN 978-0-7636-7272-0 $16.99 Reviewed from galleys R Gr. 7-10 Paloma Rose is no angel; she just plays one on television. Off set, the spoiled sixteen-year-old star has been running with the wrong crowd, not to mention throwing tantrums that have alienated her her coworkers and escalated the tension between her and her mother/manager, Leone. Oona, on the other hand, works as a waitress, acts as a handyman for her rundown apartment complex when her depressed father can’t leave the couch, and earns the respect of her boss and neighbors for her kindness and hard work. When Leone and Jack, Paloma’s slick agent, meet at Oona’s café, Jack notices the physical similarities between the two girls; after Paloma gets arrested and only brat camp can help, Jack recruits the reluctant but impoverished Oona to fill Paloma’s acting shoes while Paloma is secretly rehabilitated, ensuring that Paloma’s show—Jack and Leone’s meal ticket—will continue. With acerbic wit and dry observations, Sheldon creates protagonists whose personalities and internal journeys feel as realistic as possible given the enjoyably farfetched premise. These well-drawn characters and variation on the ol’ switcheroo plotline emerge in crisp, salty prose that engages readers from the outset but provides enough insight and character development to elicit sympathy amidst the stings. The author’s pull-no-punches portrayal of Hollywood is evocative and intriguing, as is the camp for [End Page 112] troubled teens where Paloma unwittingly finds herself and where readers begin to see her humanity. Readers will appreciate the lack of condescension, both in tone and outcome, where even Paloma and Oona’s joining forces against the conniving adults feels neither saccharine nor gratuitously vindictive. Send this one with beach-bound teens for added SoCal feeling—they’ll appreciate it. Copyright © 2015 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Melanesia in Review: Issues and Events, 2013: Fiji

Melanesia in Review: Issues and Events, 2013Fiji Jon Fraenkel (bio) Papua New Guinea is not reviewed in this issue. The adoption of a new constitution figured centrally in 2013, as Fiji geared up for elections scheduled before the end of September 2014. Seven years on from the December 2006 coup, many in Fiji had become habituated to life under the military commander Voreqe Frank Bainimarama. Formerly prominent politicians hoped to make a comeback at the 2014 polls and often prepared for this by reviving old alignments. There was no sign throughout the year of the coup leader’s own much-anticipated political party. Economic recovery continued, but many investors held off, awaiting the outcome of the election. Bainimarama’s anti-Australian Pacific diplomacy figured prominently, but the stomach for continued squabbles with Fiji’s government was steadily waning in Canberra. In September, an election in Australia ended the Rudd-Gillard Labor Government and brought to office the LiberalNational Coalition under Tony Abbott with Julie Bishop as foreign minister committed to “normalizing” relations with Fiji. The year commenced with the ditching and attempted suppression of the interim government’s own Fiji Constitutional Commission (fcc) report, the shredded proofs of which were burned by police officers in the presence of a visibly distraught commission chair, Professor Yash Ghai (see Fraenkel 2013). Although the six hundred copies were impounded, the document was soon leaked and freely available on the Internet (fcc 2012). In January, President Ratu Epeli Nailatikau denounced the fcc draft as threatening “financial and economic catastrophe and ruin” (Nailatikau 2013). The commission, he said, had “succumbed to the whims of the few who have an interest in perpetuating divisions within our society.” These were bizarre claims, inspired by the regime’s discomfort with the ground-swell of popular political engagement occasioned by the fcc’s deliberations. The fcc had accommodated all of Bainimarama’s “nonnegotiable” demands, even endorsing—at least for those swearing an oath of allegiance—the far-reaching immunity provisions in its enabling decrees not only for perpetrators of the 2006 coup but also for those responsible for the 1987 and 2000 coups (fcc 2012, schedule 6, section 27; Fiji Government 2012a, 2012b; Fiji Government 1990, chapter 14). Its core fault was that it had offered a political settlement that was palatable to those still, more or less publicly, opposed to the regime. This was an affront to a government that was depicting its origins as a glorious social revolution rather than as a military coup aimed at ousting Bainima-rama’s archenemy, the former Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase. The military commander’s close ally, Land Force Commander Colonel Mosese Tikoitoga, accused Ghai of “falling in with [End Page 476] the wrong crowd,” claimed that the law professor’s attempts to distribute the fcc draft were illegal, and said that the Ghai constitution would have entailed a catastrophic return to the pre-coup order (Fiji Sun, 5 Jan 2013). For Tikoitoga, who was to become Fiji’s new military commander in early 2014, it was the army’s nation-saving experience on United Nations (UN) peacekeeping missions that was the inspiration for what he saw as its heroic role within Fiji (The Australian, 2 April 2013), and nothing could be allowed to turn back the clock. One of the locally based constitutional commissioners, women’s rights activist Peni Moore—once an enthusiast for the Bainimarama reform project (see McGeough 2009)—expressed bewilderment at the rejection of the fcc report (Fiji Times, 22 Jan 2013). Attorney General Aiyaz Sayed-Khai-yum said that “it would be highly discourteous for anyone to comment on or preempt the statement made by his excellency to the people of Fiji” (Fiji Times, 22 Jan 2013). President Nailatikau had reserved particular opprobrium for Ghai’s plans for a 144-member National People’s Assembly (including civil society appointees and representatives from the Great Council of Chiefs and tasked with initiating a national dialogue and electing the head of state), which he described as “anathema to democratic representation.” He also disliked provisions for a “transitional cabinet,” which he claimed would empower “corrupt” and often “incompetent” civil servants (Nailatikau 2013). Like his predecessor Ratu Josefa Iloilo...

New Synthesis: Volatiles Bring out the Animal in Plants

Until a decade ago, animal-based theory of communication appeared to have little common ground with that of plant communication. Because animals can discriminate relatives from unrelated individuals, they may use communication in a variety of social behaviors that result in increased inclusive fitness. Kin selection via altruistic behavior has long been considered to be beyond the capabilities of plants. However, after work by Dudley and File in 2007, several studies identified that plants, through different kinds of root exudates, may recognize the presence of non-self root-systems and may even be able to discriminate root systems of kin and non-kin.When growing alongside competitors, focal and competing plants increase their root growth, but when growing next to kin, both the focal and neighboring plant do not. Although this does qualify as kin-selection (File et al. 2012), it differs from many animal altruistic communication forms in which a sender creates a message that informs a related receiver. Both plants in a communicating pair simultaneously function as sender and receiver, as is reflected in their growth responses when encountering a neighbor, and their messages often are continuously sent in the form of root exudates that mediate kin-recognition. Studies on kin recognition in plants have remained belowground and have been focused on root exudates as a primary communication channel. Recently, Karban et al. (2013) provided support for kin recognition in plants mediated by airborne volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These semiochemicals play key roles in the interactions between plants and herbivorous attackers, beneficial pollinators and predators, and serve a dual function as a fast-track communication systemwithin the plant when organs are more distantly connected through the vascular system. The same VOCs may be ‘eavesdropped’ upon by conspecific neighboring receiver plants, which may benefit from their information content when it predicts future attack, for example, by herbivorous insects. Receiver plants exposed to herbivore-induced VOCs can be thought to “anticipate” herbivore attack by priming or enhancing their state of defense. Karban et al. (2013) clipped sage brush plants tomimic herbivory and found that receiver plants that were closely related to the emitter respondedmore strongly to the information and became more resistant to herbivory than non-kin neighbors. In this study, clearly the emitter showed plasticity in its provision of information, and the information resulted in stronger beneficial responses of kin receivers than non-kin receivers, which satisfies many of the criteria for altruistic communication as defined for kin selection in animals. Nevertheless, animal kin selection often includes the condition that the sender is aware of its neighborhood and only provides information when the neighbor is identified as kin. In Karban’s study, the emitters were not tested for context dependency of their information provisioning. However, from studies of both above and belowground plant communication there is support that plants may adapt their provision of information conditional upon their neighborhood. Muroi et al. (2011) found that lima bean plants that had detected the herbivore induced VOC (E)-β-ocimene from an emitter plant, responded more strongly to spider mite infestation than lima bean plants that had not received this message. Upon infestation by spider mites, the ocimene-receiver plants were not only more resistant to spider mites, but also their spider mite-induced volatiles in turn induced resistance more effectively on a second lima bean receiver than spider mite induced volatiles of receivers that had not been exposed to (E)-βocimene. Hence, lima bean plants that perceived the context of herbivory, communicated the risk of herbivorymore strongly to their own neighbors. The presence of both awareness of neighborhood and the ability to differentially communicate with kin and non-kin may endow plants with an animal-like repertoire of responses that can promote kin selection. To set the boundaries of where plant and animal altruistic behaviors differ, future studies should stretch the limits of the animal side in plants and explore the potential that both emitters and receivers have in plant-plant communication. One important aspect is whether emitters are capable of responding differently to the same stressor in a community of kin vs. a community of non-kin. In other words, are plants capable of keeping quiet when standing in the wrong crowd? Just as vervet monkeys use distinct vocalizations as alarm calls distinguishing avian predators from snakes, plants respond to attack from different kinds of herbivores by emitting specific VOC blends. The specificity of herbivore-induced plant VOC release may allow receivers to anticipate the feeding guild or species of herbivore that is likely to attack them. We have yet to explore what level of detail plants can extract from the message released by the emitter, and whether these detailed messages can specifically benefit kin receivers.

Black Women's Spirituality Can Help in Retention

Black Women's Spirituality Can Help in Retention

Trust rules: how to tell the good guys from the bad guys in work and life

Whom can you trust? It's not an easy question to answer, yet it couldn't be more important to try. Hook up with the wrong crowd, and there goes a career-or worse. As scholar Linda Stroh argues, trust is a prerequisite for effective management, and it contributes directly to personal success. To find out how to tell the good guys from the bad guys, Stroh interviewed over three hundred businesspeople. The result is a thorough and invaluable compendium of lively stories, lessons learned in the trenches, and practical tools and principles. Readers will learn how to identify the trustworthy at work and in their personal lives-giving their careers a boost and helping them sleep better at night. That's because having trustworthy people around us makes organizational life much easier and less stressful. Yet, since ancient times, people have pondered the issue of trust. How do we decide who to let into our inner circle? To what degree do trusting relationships impact our performance at work? What are the consequences of misplaced trust? Must trust be unconditional? Taking these questions out of the realm of the philosophers, Linda Stroh draws from her extensive research to highlight common themes and the hard-won lessons learned from experience. She then distills their thoughts and experiences into practical tools and techniques for assessing trustworthiness-including your own-and applying these tools in a variety of situations. Integrating insights from management and psychology, Stroh shows readers how to pay attention to red flags in relationships and ultimately develop a network of trustworthy people that will help them succeed in business and beyond. Combining rigorous primary research with practical application, and using engaging stories and insights throughout, this book will help general readers, professors and students, and professionals alike attain their goals more quickly and with greater satisfaction.

Documentary expression online: The Wrong Crowd, a history documentary for an ‘electrate’ audience

The Wrong Crowd is a history documentary produced with funding from the Australian Film Commission for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Internet portal in 2003. Key issues encountered in producing within the computer-mediated parameters of an online screen are contained in the debates around constructing a digitized reality within a non-linear format, the attendant resolution of tension between narration and navigation as well as the enhanced audience experience of interaction in the unfolding of the historical argument.

Influenced by the Wrong Crowd

Two studies by Walkley et al . investigated the role of intrinsic and extrinsic factors in regulating cell cycle and fate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which reside in specialized niches in the bone marrow and give rise to the cells of the hematopoietic system (see Perry and Li). Although most HSCs maintain a relatively quiescent state, they can be stimulated to enter the cell cycle when hematopoiesis is required. The retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor plays a critical role in cell cycle regulation and, in the first study, Walkley et al . examined the effects of Rb deletion on hematopoiesis. Widespread loss of RB throughout the mouse hematopoietic system led to profound myeloproliferation, characterized by an increase in the numbers of circulating progenitor cells and extramedullary hematopoiesis. There was a loss of trabecular bone (a HSC niche) and HSCs from the bone marrow, and eventual hematopoietic failure. When RB loss was restricted to cells of the myeloid lineage (granulocytes, macrophages, and osteoclasts), however, myeloproliferation did not occur. Transplantation indicated that loss of RB from hematopoietic niche alone was also not sufficient to elicit myeloproliferation. Rather, it depended on RB loss from both the bone marrow microenvironment and cells of myeloid lineage. In the second study, Walkley et al . showed that mice lacking the retinoic acid receptor γ (RARγ) also developed a myeloproliferative condition, with increased numbers of granulocytes in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and spleen. Again, there was a loss of trabecular bone and excessive extramedullary hematopoiesis. In mice lacking RARγ, however, transplantation analysis indicated that myeloproliferation depended only on an abnormal bone marrow microenvironment. Loss of the RARγ was associated with an increase in tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in bone marrow, thymus, and spleen; moreover, the hematological abnormalities were partially rescued in mice transplanted with hematopoietic cells lacking TNF-α. Both studies underline the importance of the bone marrow microenvironment to normal hematopoiesis and the contribution of an aberrant niche to myeloproliferative disease. C. R. Walkley, J. M. Shea, N. A. Sims, L. E. Purton, S. H. Orkin, Rb regulates interactions between hematopoietic stem cells and their bone marrow microenvironment. Cell 129 , 1081-1095 (2007). [PubMed] C. R. Walkley, G. Haines Olsen, S. Dworkin, S. A. Fabb, J. Swann, G. A. McArthur, S. V. Westmoreland, P. Chambon, D. T. Scadden, L. E. Purton, A microenvironment-induced myeloproliferative syndrome caused by retinoic acid receptor γ deficiency. Cell 129 , 1097-1110 (2007). [PubMed] J. M. Perry, L. Li, Disrupting the stem cell niche: Good seeds in bad soil. Cell 129 ,1045-1047 (2007). [PubMed]

Hanging out with the wrong crowd: how much difference can parents make in an urban environment?

This longitudinal study of youths growing up in an urban area tests whether and by how much increased levels of supervision and monitoring by parents might influence levels of affiliation with delinquent and deviant peers--possibly our most sturdily replicated proximal determinant of early-onset illegal drug use and associated conduct problems in adolescence, aside from aggression and rule-breaking in childhood. Standardized interviews were used to assess parenting, affiliation with deviant peers, and other characteristics of the urban-dwelling youths in this epidemiologically defined sample (>70% African American heritage). Longitudinal analyses and generalized estimating equation (GEE) methods were used to estimate prospective relationships across the transition from late childhood into early adolescence. Results from the longitudinal analyses showed that higher levels of monitoring signaled later lower levels of affiliation with deviant peers, even with statistical adjustment for multiple covariates (beta=-0.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]=-0.07 to -0.02; P=.001). Closer parental supervision at ages 8-9 years was linked to subsequently lower levels of deviant peer affiliation (beta=-0.05; 95% CI=-0.08 to -0.01), and subsequent age-associated increases in levels of parental supervision from year to year were followed by decreases in levels of affiliation with deviant peers (beta=-0.12; 95% CI=-0.15 to -0.09). The main evidence from this study indicates that maintenance of parental supervision and monitoring through the transition from childhood to adolescence may yield important reductions in levels of affiliation with deviant peers, even in the context of our urban and sometimes socially disadvantaged community environments.

Hanging with the Wrong Crowd: Of Gangs, Terrorists, and the Right of Association

Hanging with the Wrong Crowd: Of Gangs, Terrorists, and the Right of Association