Wrongful Claims Research Articles

CASE STUDY OF ISRAEL-PALESTINE CONFLICT AND THE ABUSE OF HUMAN RIGHTS

Israel is an established country. And Palestine, despite being a country with rich heritage since ages, has been occupied by the Israel government who refuse to provide Palestine with the status of a sovereign nation. Israeli-Palestine conflict has led to numerous war crimes and most of the victims have always been the innocent and common people of the land. Besides territorial disputes, religious fundamentalism and persecution has also been a major factor. The state of Israel has always supported the ideology of Zionism wherein Israel supported the establishment of a Jewish state. Jews also claim that there is a large-scale antisemitism among the Arabs as well as various other communities because of which they face non-acceptance. But the conflict is not merely confined to one cause and has other grounds as well. This paper takes up the study of the conflict between the two countries and analyse the historical and political background that led to the series of events and how it led to the abuse of human rights in the region. The research further seeks to find out the role of the USA and the United Nations. USA had been the pioneer of liberalism and human rights in todays neo liberal world, but has remained silent in occasions of Israels wrongful claims over Palestinian territories. Hence, the protection and restoration of humanitarian laws is a major field of discussion.

Analisis kemampuan argumentasi matematis siswa pada materi bangun ruang sisi datar ditinjau dari kemampuan awal matematika

The aim of the research is to determine the level of students' argumentation ability to solve surface area and volume problems based on students' initial mathematical abilities. This research focused to discover new things that students do in solving problems based on the level of Toulmin argumentation ability. The methodology for taking subjects in this research was purposive, namely by categories of students with high, medium and low abilities, looking at the students' report cards. Students with a high level of initial argumentation can state claims, evidence and reasoning well but are less able to provide rebuttals. Students with a medium initial level of argumentation are only able to state claims and data well. Meanwhile, students with a low level of initial argumentation always make wrong claims and are not able to show evidence, reasoning and rebuttal to support their claims. High entry level students' argumentation abilities are at level 2 except for the rebuttal component, the rebuttal component is at level 0 where students tend to be unable to make counterclaims and unable to reject false statements. Students' argumentation abilities are not all students' initial argumentation abilities are at level 1, where students' ability to make claims and evidence is at level 2 while the ability to make rebuttals is at level 0. Students' initial argumentation abilities are low at level 0 where students are not able make claims, evidence, reasoning, and rebuttal well.

Attribute-Based Encryption With Reliable Outsourced Decryption in Cloud Computing Using Smart Contract

Outsourcing the heavy decryption computation to a cloud service provider has been a promising solution for a resource-constrained mobile device to deploy an attribute-based encryption scheme. However, the current attribute based encryption with outsourced decryption schemes only enable the mobile device to verify whether the cloud service provider has returned a correct decryption result, they lack a mechanism to enable the cloud service provider to escape from a mobile device's wrong claim if it has returned a correct decryption result. This paper, for the first time, proposes an attribute based encryption with reliable outsourced decryption scheme using the blockchain smart contract. In the proposed scheme, not only can the mobile device verify whether the cloud service provider has returned a correct decryption result, but also the cloud service provider can escape from a wrong claim if the returned decryption result is correct. Moreover, our system achieves the fairness property, which means the cloud service provider can get the reward from the mobile device if and only if it has returned a correct decryption result. Finally, we conduct an implementation to demonstrate that the proposed scheme is practical and efficient.

Erratum to “Navier–Stokes equations in a curved thin domain, Part III: thin-film limit”

There are two flaws in the third part [3] of our study on the Navier--Stokes equations in a curved thin domain. The first one is that the form of Ladyzhenskaya's inequality on a closed surface taken from the arXiv version [2] of the second part of our study is incorrect. The second one is that a wrong claim is used in the proofs of lemmas in [3, Section 6.3] which give estimates for the weighed potential part of a tangential surface vector field. This erratum corrects these flaws.

On the Role of Constraints and Degrees of Freedom in the Hamiltonian Formalism

Unfortunately, the Hamiltonian mechanics of degenerate Lagrangian systems is usually presented as a mere recipe of Dirac, with no explanation as to how it works. It then comes to discussing conjectures of whether all primary constraints correspond to gauge symmetries, and it goes all the way to absolutely wrong claims such as the statement that electrodynamics or gravity only have two physical components each, with others being spurious. One has to be very careful because non-dynamical, or constrained, does not mean unphysical. In this article, I give a pedagogical introduction to the degenerate Hamiltonian systems, showing both very simple mechanical examples and general arguments about how it works. For the familiar field theory models, I explain why the gauge freedom there “hits twice” in the sense of producing twice as many first-class constraints as gauge symmetries, and why primary, and only primary, constraints should be put into the total Hamiltonian.

Wrongful Claims Handling by Insurers - a Comparative Overview of Remedies Available to the Insured

Wrongful Claims Handling by Insurers - a Comparative Overview of Remedies Available to the Insured

Abuse of Human Rights in The Neoliberal World Order: The Case of Israel Palestine Conflict

The rights which are entitled to human beings, are crucial for their existence and are formulated with the intention of safeguarding their life, personal liberty and dignity are referred to as human rights. The traditional notion of human rights and security perceived them as antithetical and separate concepts whereas the current idea propagates the interlinkage between the two and highlights the need to preserve human rights in order to enforce security. Neoliberalism seeks to reduce the role of the state including to diminish its social and welfare responsibilities which affects the protection and implementation of human rights. Thus, a pertinent question is raised: What aspects of neoliberalism are abusive of human rights in the contemporary international structure? This paper takes up the case study of the Israel-Palestine conflict, which dates back to the nineteenth century and analyses it from the perspective of human rights conservation. Israel refuses to give the status of ‘rightful sovereigns’ to the Palestinians residing in the West Bank and Gaza and therefore, believes that they are not entitled to any protection bestowed by the international humanitarian laws. This research further takes into account the aspect of human rights in the U.S. policies concerning Israel. The U.S. has been projecting itself as the torchbearer of liberalism and individual rights in the contemporary neoliberal world order. Yet, it provides military and economic support to Israel and virtually remains silent in its wrongful claims over Palestinian territories. The contemporary world order has seen different countries adopting rightist policies, excluding regional identities and promoting the concept of a homogenized society. The abuse of human rights which these circumstances bring about become equally pertinent as the newest threat to individual security and consequently affects the international socio-political domain.

WRONGFUL ARREST: A BRIEF SURVEY OF THE IMPACT OF THE CONSTITUTION IN RECENT CASE LAW

In recent times there has been a proliferation of press reports about ordinary, law-abiding citizens who suffered the indignity and inconvenience of a wrongful (unlawful) arrest at the hands of officers of the South African Police Service or Metro Police Services. According to the most recent of these reports, this increase in the incidence of wrongful arrests have even resulted in deliberations between members of the Law Society of the Northern Provinces and the top management of the SAPS, in which the latter undertook to pay special attention to the training of police officers in order to better the present state of affairs. It is not far-fetched to describe thepresent situation on the ground in respect of wrongful arrests as epidemic. In recent interviews with attorneys who have been representing clients in wrongful arrest claims against the Minister of Safety and Security, the present writer was told about certain standard practices regarding arrests: it would seem that it is a favourite practice among certain police officials to arrest suspects on a Friday, or even a Thursday afternoon, in order to prolong the normal 48-hour maximum period of detention before bringing an arrestee before court. Furthermore, metro police spokespersons often announce, at the beginning of some road-safety drive or crack-down on traffic offenders, that certain types of offenders will, without exception, be arrested. The worst recent example recounted to the author of lamentable conduct in this context on the part of a high-ranking police official concerns an order issued on a Friday afternoon in which the officers under his command were ordered to endeavour arresting more persons of a specific ethnic group, seeing that the weekend population of the police cells under his command did not reflect the demographics of his jurisdiction!

الاحتجاج بالقدر في القرآن الكريم

This paper revolves around those verses of Quranin which Quranstates the argument of the non-believers provide for the justification of their disbelief and acts of polytheism and that is the argument of Qadar.The argument follows that the non-believers are not to be blamed for their disbelieve because these acts are been decreed by God for them. The paper emphasises upon a detail analysis of their argument and upon the quranic response to them by exposing their flawed argumentation and wrong claim. The paper then studies and establishes the position of belief in qadar and it’s position and place within the Islamic belief system, and furthermore studies those different issues which are discussed and dealt within those Quranicverses related to qadar.Moreover the interpretations of those Quranicverses which states this claim of non-believers according to different Mufassirinare studied and analysed and then in the end a general Quranic view regarding how Qurandeals with the issue of “argumentation based upon the concept of Qadar”is presented in the paper

Fighting Against the Wrong Argument That the Communist Party of Vietnam Should Not Consider Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh’s Thought the Ideological Foundation

This article aims to analyze to fight against the wrong claims of the hostile forces of Vietnam revolution is that Marxism- Leninism is outdated and the Communist Party of Vietnam should not consider Marxism-Leninism and Chi Minh’s thought as its ideological foundation. First, they claim that Marxism - Leninism was born in the economic and social context of the 19th and early 20th centuries, making it unsuitable for the contemporary situation. Second, they state that the collapse of socialism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe proved that Marxist - Leninist socialism was mistaken and obsolete. Third, according to them, the mistakes and difficulties involved in building a socialist country originated from Marxism – Leninism. In this paper, the author has used scientific research methods such as analysis and synthesis, interpretation and induction, abstraction and generalization, logical and historical comparison to criticize the wrong claims of the hostile forces. The research has come into 3 conclusions. The first is Marxism-Leninism is a scientific and legal theory; the second is the collapse of socialism in the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries was only the breakdown of a model; the third is the selection and application of Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh's Thought in Vietnam as the ideological foundation is a right thing. Therefore, the application of Marxism-Leninism into the cause of national liberation and building socialism in Vietnam is a right choice of the Communist Party of Vietnam.

Does high-dose gestational folic acid increase the risk for autism? The birth order hypothesis

There has been a dramatic increase in the incidence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in recent decades but the causes have not been elucidated. To date, numerous studies have shown that the FDA-recommended doses of folic acid (400 mcg/d) render a protective effect against ASD. Yet, a recent prospective study has claimed that while self-reported folic acid supplementation was associated with decreased risk of ASD, very high levels of maternal plasma folate levels (<60.3 nmol/L) were associated with 2.5 time increased risk of ASD. This study has led to high levels of public anxiety because many women use high dose folic acid to prevent neural tube defects.We hypothesize that because ASD children have been documented to be much more likely to be first or second born, and women consume significantly more folic acid during their first and second pregnancies, the claim that high dose folic acid causes ASD is based on a previously unrecognized birth order bias.This article presents evidence for the wrong claim that high dose folic acid causes ASD. The question whether high exposure level of folic acid is associated with increased risk of ASD is not merely a theoretical issue, because many women at increased risk for NTD in their offspring need substantially higher daily doses of folic acid (1 mg, or 5 mg), than the FDA-recommended 400 mcg daily.

Analysis of the Students’ Argumentation based on the level of Ability: Study on the Process of Mathematical Proof

Argumentation is one important component in building an understanding of mathematics students. Argumentation is concerned with a person’s ability to give reasons based on the facts to make a conclusion and is frequently used in mathematical proofs. Argumentation produce arguments that cannot be categorized right or wrong but it is valid or not, so a person’s ability does not guarantee the validity of arguments, depending on his thinking process. This research aims to analyze the arguments using the Toulmin argumentation consists of: data, claim, warrant, backing, qualifier and rebuttal. The researchers grouped students based on skill level high and low then analyze the sixth component of argumentation used students and validitasnya in the process of proof. Qualitative Research methods are used to collect data in the form of the results of the work of students, think aloud, field notes, and the results of the interview. The results showed that students with low ability can make valid arguments with true claims whereas students with high ability can also produce a valid argument with wrong claims. Each component of the argument has different characteristics based on the student’s ability level.

Who Decides Who Rides: Examining Amusement Ride Access Policies and Title III

Have you ever visited an amusement park and watched a park employee instruct a guest that he or she may not experience a ride because of a certain physical attribute? Have you ever wondered how these policies are created? A trio of Title III wrongful discrimination claims filed against amusement park owners in 2012 and 2013 illuminated the tension that exists between Title III ADA regulations, Access Board guidelines, state regulatory schemes for amusement rides, and individual rider access policies on amusement rides. Circumstances did not require the courts to analyze the creation, implementation, and regulation of amusement ride access policies, so the issue of whether these access policies violate Title III was not fully discussed. This article does just that. Manufacturers and owners of modern amusement rides adhere to practice standards that regulate the design, construction, testing, operation, and maintenance of amusement rides. These standards, created by ASTM Committee F-24, provide the framework for the creation and implementation of rider access policies on modern amusement rides. Evidence suggests that owners of amusement rides likely adhere to Title III’s selection criteria exceptions when they restrict access to individual guests based on manufacturer-created rider access policies created in accordance with ASTM standards. Despite arguments that rider access policies are over-reaching and duplicitous, owners and manufacturers strive for transparency and inclusivity, increasing potential rider access by working together to create new devices that increase experiences for disabled riders on the newest, most thrilling amusement rides.

The Narrow Road to Exoneration - the Incidence, Characteristics and Outcomes of Wrongful Conviction Claims in Sweden over a One-Year Period

One way of investigating the phenomenon of wrongful convictions is to study the road to exoneration. In some respects, the post-conviction review process lies at the heart of the wrongful conviction issue, since this is where alleged miscarriages of justice are either acknowledged or rejected. However, the number and characteristics of the criminal cases that pass through the Swedish post-conviction review process are unknown. Against this background, the overarching objective of the present article is to provide an empirical basis for an informed discussion of wrongful convictions. More specifically, this article examines wrongful conviction claims and the judicial outcomes of these claims over a one-year period. The findings are discussed in relation to the view that the operation of the post-conviction process may be understood as a means by which the legal system may preserve its legitimacy. It is also discussed why there is a need for more transparency in this particular part of the criminal justice system.

The Rights and Wrongs of the Blind Watchers

The pathways to the search of truth in science inevitably meander through the rights and wrongs, often with the right claims but wrong foundations, or wrong claims even when our knowledge tells us otherwise. Since the final frontiers always recede from us, we can’t see very far into the future and the search for the ultimate truth remains a wild-goose-chase. So, brooding over reaching the destinations must be replaced by sheer joy of the fetching journey. This article explains such pathways, wonders and delights through a process of learning.

The end of lexicalism as we know it?

This paper is a reply to Benjamin Bruening’s article ‘The lexicalist hypothesis: Both wrong and superfluous’, which appears in this volume of Language . Bruening claims that all phenomena that have been explained with reference to the notion word should be explained with reference to the X0/XP distinction. He claims that only phrases can be extracted, which would explain the island status of words (his X0). He also claims that coordination always affects full XPs, countering an earlier argument by Steve Wechsler and me. He argues for a phrasal analysis of resultative constructions and tries to support it by the claim that all arguments of nouns are optional, and hence a lexical analysis of resultative constructions that assumes that the result predicate is selected by the verb would make wrong claims when it comes to nominalizations, since one would expect that the result predicate can be omitted like other arguments in nominalizations can be. I argue that Bruening’s X0/XP distinction cannot explain extraction differences since X0 can be extracted, that some arguments are indeed not optional in nominalizations, and that coordination may affect lexical items. I furthermore point out that morphological phenomena in languages other than English may need more machinery and different tools and that in the end it may be reasonable to assume that there is a morphology that is indeed different from syntax.

Maslahah dalam Vaksinasi: Analisis Fatwa Malaysia dan Indonesia

Vaccination is one of the preventative measures taken to prevent harmful life-threatening illnesses. However, today, more people are rejecting the vaccine based on mistaken information and wrong claims about the vaccine. Furthermore, different in status fatwas on the use of vaccines between Malaysia and Indonesia has added more concern for them on vaccination. This article analyzes, by comparison, the medical fatwa issued by the Malaysian Fatwa Committeeand the Indonesian Ulama Council. Library and interview methods are used together to complement the study. The findings show that Malaysia permit the use of Meningitis vaccine based on the approach of akhaf al-dararayn and maslahah daruriyyah for the purpose of saving lives, in contrast to Indonesia that bans the use of Meningitis vaccine as it was found to have contact with impurified sources of pigs and there are other alternatives for halal vaccine.

A comment on “Translation and scale invariants of Tchebichef moments” by Hongqing Zhu [Pattern Recognition 40 (2007) 2530–2542

The aim of the present comment is to point out wrong claim made by (Hongqing Zhu, 2007) on the computation of scaling invariants of Tchebichef moments. We also proposed a novel discrete orthogonal moments namely Charlier moments, and demonstrate that the scaling invariants of the Charlier moments can be computed by using the method mentioned in the article of (Hongqing Zhu, 2007). Experimental results show that our inference is correct.

Triple planes with $p_g=q=0$

We show that general triple planes with p_g=q=0 belong to at most 12 families, that we call surfaces of type I,..., XII, and we prove that the corresponding Tschirnhausen bundle is direct sum of two line bundles in cases I, II, III, whereas is a rank 2 Steiner bundle in the remaining cases. We also provide existence results and explicit constructions for surfaces of type I,..., VII, recovering all classical examples and discovering several new ones. In particular, triple planes of type VII provide counterexamples to a wrong claim made in 1942 by Bronowski.

Complexity of Manipulating Sequential Allocation

Sequential allocation is a simple allocation mechanism in which agents are given pre-specified turns in which they take one item among those that are still available. It has long been known that sequential allocation is not strategyproof. This raises the question of the complexity of computing a preference report that yields a higher utility than the truthful preference. We show that the problem is NP-complete for one manipulating agent with additive utilities and several non-manipulating agents. In doing so, we correct a wrong claim made in a previous paper. We then give two additional results. First, we present a polynomial-time algorithm for optimal manipulation when the manipulator has additive binary utilities. Second, we consider a stronger notion of manipulation whereby the untruthful outcome yields more utility than the truthful outcome for all utilities consistent with the ordinal preferences; for this notion, we show that a manipulation, if any, can be computed in polynomial time.