Wrist Watch Research Articles

Tensor fascia lata graft with fat graft used as a wrist watch sling for ectropion release in a complex facial scar

Tensor fascia lata graft with fat graft used as a wrist watch sling for ectropion release in a complex facial scar

Performance of wearable watch-type home blood pressure measurement devices in a real-world clinical sample.

Independent testing of home blood pressure (BP) measurement (HBPM) devices is often lacking, particularly among older and multi-morbid patients. We studied the Bpro G2 (using tonometry), Omron HeartGuide (using occlusive oscillometric technology), and Heartisans (using photoplethysmography) wrist watch HBPM devicesagainst a gold standard brachial sphygmomanometer. To test device performance, we used the ISO81060-2 protocol (though this protocol cannot formally validate cuffless devices). We also used linear mixed models to compare adjusted longitudinal BP measurements between devices. Finally, as a surrogate for usability, we recorded instances of device failure where no BP measurement was returned. We enrolled 128 participants (median [Q1-Q3] age 53 [40-65] years, 51% male, 46% on antihypertensive drugs), of whom 100 were suitable for the primaryanalysis. All three devices had mean BP values within 5mmHg of sphygmomanometry. However, due to insufficient reliability (e.g., wider than accepted standard deviations of mean BP), none of the three devices passed all criteria required by the ISO81060-2 protocol. In adjusted longitudinal analyses, the Omron device also systematically underestimated systolic and diastolic BP (-8.46mmHg; 95% CI 6.07, 10.86; p < 0.001; and -2.53mmHg; 95% CI -4.03, -1.03; p = 0.001; respectively). Nevertheless, compared to the Omron device, BPro and Heartisans devices had increased odds of failure (BPro: odds ratio [OR] 5.24; p < 0.0001; Heartisans: OR 5.61; p < 0.001). While we could not formally validate the cuffless devices, our results show that wearable technologies will require improvements to offer reliable BP assessment. This study also highlights the need for validation protocols specifically designed for cuffless BP measurement technologies.

Garmin Wrist Watches Heart Rate And Energy Expenditure Validity During Light Circuit Resistance Training

Garmin Wrist Watches Heart Rate And Energy Expenditure Validity During Light Circuit Resistance Training

A Study on Brand Preference of Wrist Watches in Sub Urban of Coimbatore

This study aims to investigate the brand preferences of wrist watches among residents in the suburban areas of Coimbatore. Wrist watches are not only functional timekeeping devices but also serve as fashion accessories, reflecting personal style and status. Understanding the factors influencing brand preference can provide valuable insights for watch manufacturers and marketers to develop effective marketing strategies. The study employs a quantitative research design, utilizing a structured questionnaire to collect data from a representative sample of residents in the suburban regions of Coimbatore. The findings of this study will shed light on the most preferred wrist watch brands in the suburban areas of Coimbatore and the factors driving brand preference among residents. The research results will contribute to the existing literature on consumer behavior and brand preference, specifically within the context of wrist watches. Additionally, the outcomes will provide valuable insights to watch manufacturers and marketers, helping them tailor their marketing strategies and enhance their market positioning in the suburban regions of Coimbatore.

0020 Associations between bedtime and waketime variability and sleep outcomes in autistic children

Abstract Introduction Up to 80% of autistic children experience sleep disturbances. Sleep hygiene guidelines advise patients to maintain consistent bedtimes and waketimes for the purpose of regulating one’s circadian rhythm. However, the relationship between bedtime and waketime variability and sleep outcomes in autistic children is unclear, and so the current study examines these associations. Methods One hundred thirty autistic children (Mage = 8.81 yrs, SD = 1.92 yrs, range = 6-12 yrs, 71% male) completed two weeks of daily sleep diaries with parental assistance and concurrently wore actigraphic wrist watches (Actiwatch-2, Respironics). Rest intervals in Actiware software were set using visual inspection while referencing self-reported bed/waketime. Boundaries of rest intervals were defined as the time when the child first attempted sleep to the time when the child vacated bed. Subjective and objective estimates of bedtime, waketime, total wake time during attempted sleep periods, and total sleep time were obtained. Bayesian multi-level models obtained individual estimates of average variability in bedtime and waketime. Multiple linear regressions were then used to examine associations between subjective and objective bedtime and waketime variability and total wake time and total sleep time, controlling for age and average levels of bed/waketime variability. Models were separated out by subjective/objective sleep outcomes (i.e., subjective waketime variability predicting subjective total sleep time). Results Greater objective waketime variability was associated with less objective total sleep time (B=-38.80, p&amp;lt;.001, partial eta-squared = .071). Greater subjective waketime variability was associated with longer subjective total wake time (B = 18.58, p=.02, partial eta-squared = .058) and shorter subjective total sleep time (B=-70.60, p&amp;lt;.001, partial eta-squared = 0.227). Conclusion While results do not possess causal implications, greater subjective and objective waketime variability are associated with poorer sleep outcomes in autistic children. Effect sizes ranged from approximately medium to large. Results suggest that bedtime variability may not be related to sleep outcomes in autistic children. Future studies should examine whether reductions in waketime variability mediate the effect of behavioral insomnia interventions on improved sleep in autistic children. Support (if any) MU Research Board Grant (McCrae, PI); Department of Defense Autism Research Program (McCrae, PI; W81XWH2010399); Thompson Center for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

Electronically Robust Self-Assembled Supramolecular Gel as a Potential Material in Triboelectric Nanogenerators.

A series of self-assembling gluconamide conjugated naphthalimide amphiphiles (GCNA) was synthesized and the self-assembly of GCNA into gel rendered an increased electron density in naphthalimide moiety with an overall change in energy of 15.33×10-32 J via J-type aggregation. SEM analysis and X-ray diffraction underpinning the nanofibrillar formation, and rheological measurements confirmed the processablity and material fabrication. The enriched electron density in the aggregated GCNA4 via cooperative intermolecular non-covalent interactions makes it as effective electron donor in the fabrication of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG). The TENG based on GCNA4-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) triboelectric pair generated an output voltage, current and power density of ∼250 V, 40 μA and ∼622 mW/m2 respectively, which is almost 2.4 times better in performance than the amorphous GCNA4 based TENG. The fabricated TENG can power-up 240 LEDs, wrist watch, thermometer, calculator and hygrometer.

Metal–Organic Framework–Derived ZnO‐Assisted β‐Phase‐Stabilized High‐Performance PVDF/ZnO‐PDMS/rGO Nanocomposites as Piezo–Tribo Hybrid Nanogenerator

Triboelectric and piezoelectric nanogenerators are explored to harvest electrical energy from the mechanical vibrations. These two effects are explored in a combined way as piezo–tribo hybrid nanogenerator (PTNG). Herein, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/ZnO nanocomposite where ZnO is synthesized is fabricated by using metal–organic framework precursors. The PTNG is fabricated by PVDF/ZnO nanocomposites coupling with the as‐fabricated poly dimethyl siloxane/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites. The incorporation of ZnO into the polymer matrix helps to stabilize the β‐phase of the PVDF which improves the piezoelectricity. ZnO not only enhances the piezoelectricity but also influences tribolelectricity indirectly. The as‐fabricated PTNG shows the output of open‐circuit voltage ≈185 V and short‐circuit current ≈14.5 μA and power density of ≈338 μW cm−2 which can light up 40 red light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) in series connection and 22 red LEDs in parallel connection. It can also power up daily portable electronics like digital wrist watch and calculator. This PTNG, as well as, its piezoelectric part can harvest energy from various body part movements like walking, heel pressing, elbow bending, etc.

A Robust Triboelectric Nanogenerator Resistant to Humidity and Temperature in Ambient Environment

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is an energy harvesting technology from widespread mechanical energy based on the combined effects of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction. TENG devices are promising to be integrated into human daily life and their stability in the ambient environment is quite crucial to guarantee robust output. This requirement is increasing exponentially for powering various wearable/portable electronics and still remains as a challenge. Herein, contact and separation mode‐based, humidity‐ and temperature‐resistant TENG (HT‐TENG) is fabricated utilizing ethylene vinyl acetate and polytetrafluoroethylene tape as frictional layers. By harvesting biomechanical energy, the device could generate peak‐to‐peak open circuit voltage of ≈210 V and short‐circuit current of ≈12.85 μA, respectively. The as‐fabricated device is tolerant to fluctuating relative humidity ranging from 10% to 60% and temperature ranging from 10 to 60 °C. Further, the device is shown to charge 22 and 47 μF commercial capacitors to 3 V using rectifier bridges, glowing light‐emitting diodes, powering digital wrist watches, and a calculator. Thus HT‐TENG as an efficient power source reliably operates not only in typical conditions, but also in desert and frigid environments, thereby extending the applicability and commercialization of the device in the global environments.

Aligned PLLA electrospun fibres based biodegradable triboelectric nanogenerator

Transient triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) fabricated with degradable materials is an emerging area which can tackle the global issue of electronic waste. Here, we report a fully biodegradable TENG comprising of aligned PLLA (aPLLA) fibres and chitosan as the active layers. The aPLLA and random PLLA (rPLLA) fibers are compared for the performance and the aPLLA fibre based TENG (aPL-TENG) is found to exhibit superior performance (output voltage and current of 45 V and 9 μA, respectively) due to better 103 helix chain conformation. The performance of aPLLA fibres was also analysed with different interface combinations. The aPL-TENG showed excellent mechanical stability for 24000 cycles and produced an output power density of 6.5 mW m−2. The soil burial test confirms the degradation of the materials used in the device fabrication. Finally, as a proof-of-concept, the output of aPL-TENG was fed to a capacitor to demonstrate it capability to continuously power the commercial wrist and stop watch. Considering the facile fabrication and easily available sustainable materials used for the aPL-TENG, the presented approach can provide attractive green energy harvesting machine to power portable devices at a large scale – without having to worry about the end-of-life electronic waste management.

Influence of Donated Pair of Electrons by a Nitrito-Group Ligand on the Solid-State Properties of Lead Sulfide Thick Films

In general, thick and thin films are developed to provide special properties that range from electrical properties, optical, mechanical and chemical properties that can satisfy the needs for specific applications in technology. Lead sulfide (PbS) is an example of such films. Lead sulfide thin films have been synthesized on glass substrates. Some of the advantages of PbS thin film in olar cell applications include low material consumption, shorter energy payback period, large area modules, monolithic integration, tuneable material properties, low-temperature processes, and transparent modules. PbS thin films help also help in preventing corrosion of metallic parts of many devices. They are also used to offer protection against wear in moving parts. Materials such as jewelry, wrist watches, and knives are often coated to avoid corrosion. For deposition of PbS thin films, lead acetate is used as lead precursor and for sulfur source thiourea, has been was used in many studies.in this study, three samples of lead sulphide thick films were deposited on microscope glass slides at varying nitrito-group ligand concentrations at room temperature using solution method. The nitrito group ligand has a capacity to coordinate a central metal {Pb) atom using two different sites. First, it can use the nitrogen (N) atom as donor atom (nitrito group) and the oxygen (O) as donor atom (nitrito group). Secondly, it can use a sulphur (S) atom as donor atom ( in a thiocyanate group) and nitrogen (N) atom as donor atom ( as in a isothiocyanate). The influence of nitrito-group ligand on the solid-State properties of PbS thin films deposited by chemical bath technique were investigated and characterized using UV-VIS spectrophotometer and Four-Point Probe (FPP) technique. They were analyzed graphically, and the results show that, the donated pair of electrons from the nitrito group ligand caused absorption edge to decreases towards longer wavelength region while band gap energy increase from 1.61eV to 3.71eV with increase concentration. On the sampled films, there was a consistent increase in the sheet resistance and electrical conductivity as the concentration of Nitrito-group ligand increases.

IoT Based Health Monitoring System for Physiological Investigation

The health monitoring system is emerged in the recent times since it is most desirable for checking physiological conditions. Internet of Things (IoT) based health care is one of the growing research which helps to monitor the physiological conditions in a repeated span of time. This technology is much obliged especially during epidemic conditions. Hence, present study focuses on development of distembot system which is used to measure temperature, pulse rate and respiratory rate of a person for a repeated span of time. It is identified that wrist position provides the accurate measurements of human body conditions. Hence in this paper, wrist watch is developed as distembot system. Initially, distembot system is designed and fabricated using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) technology. Then, temperature sensor and pulse sensor amped heart rate sensor are employed in the system to measure temperature, pulse rate and respiratory rate of a person. The distembot system is interfaced with respective sensors using ESP32 module. Network Time Protocol (NTP) is adopted to synchronize the clock over a network and OLED is interfaced with the system to display the measurements. The digital values of various measurements are extracted from the device using Wi-Fi module. The results suggested that proposed system is performing effectively to monitor the human health conditions in a repeated span of time.

Detection and analysis of coagulation effect in vein using MEMS laminar flow for the early heart stroke diagnosis

&lt;abstract&gt; &lt;p&gt;The primary objective of the research article is to describe the functionality of wrist watch which acts as a digital stethoscope to measure health constraints such as heart pulse through blood pressure. The second objective is the detection of blockages of an artery due to fatty, cholesterol-deposited, over a period when the blood is passing through due to stress and exercise, etc. Pressure and velocity are two inputs with their respective results of contrast and expansion of veins at the outputs. The major parameters in detecting the laminar flow are pressure and velocity. These parameters of a vein are analyzed by integrating valves in the vein. The movement of blood laminar flow in the vein is captured by a MEMS-based piezoelectric sensor by its functionality. The proposed design performance accuracy is estimated by modeling of vein's laminar flow when blood is circulating. The coagulation effect of the vein is used to measure heart stroke by placing MEMS along with the stent, as MEMS are tiny in size. The functionality of a digital Stethoscope works on the piezoelectric effect that generates an electrical signal when pressure is applied from the vein. The accuracy, functionality, and performance of the design can be analyzed by COMSOL multi-physics. Applications of MEMS include detection, prevention, and alert during the second heart stroke, and also used in the bionic eye and automotive electronics.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/abstract&gt;

Abstract 10186: Accuracy Study of Wearable Devices for Monitoring Blood Pressure in Acute Stroke Patients

Objective: The fluctuations of blood pressure in the acute stage of stroke are associated with neurological deterioration and poor prognosis. Although continuous monitoring of blood pressure changes becomes possible with the emergence of wearable blood pressure monitoring equipment, the accuracy of the equipment is still in doubt. Here, the accuracy of the optoelectronic-based wearable device for blood pressure monitoring in hospitalized patients with acute stroke were investigated and verified. Methods: Thirty-five acute stroke patients in the Department of Neurology of a teaching hospital were recruited. With the blood pressure values measured by bedside ECG monitor as the gold standard, wearables devices (wearable wrist watch) and bedside ECG monitors were monitored sequentially the same upper limb at the same time and recorded every 2 hours during the first 24 hours of admission. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to determine the optimal cut off points and tests of sensitivity, specificity, kappa coefficients were conducted. Results: The average age of participants (male 17, female 18) was 61.91 ±8.72 years. 414 groups of blood pressure values were measured and ranged from 74/41 to 221/124 mmHg. The kappa value of systolic blood pressure (SBP) measured by wearable wrist watch and bedside ECG monitor was 0.768, with 89.1% sensitivity and 87.7% specificity (Table 1-A). And the kappa value of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 0.648, with 94.6% sensitivity and 67.9% specificity (Table 1-B). The area under ROC curve for SBP diagnosis and DBP diagnosis of wearable wrist watches were 0.941 ( p &lt; 0.001, Figure 1-A) and 0.939 ( p &lt; 0.001, Figure 1-B) respectively. There was no significant difference in SBP and DBP between these two methods ( p &gt;0.05, Table 3). Conclusions: The accuracy of wearable wrist watch for measuring patient blood pressure with acute stroke is good enough for ambulatory blood pressure monitoring of acute stroke patients.

Eco-benign nanostructured triboelectric films of onion tunic-SnOx based TENG for sustainable and green energy generation

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) are playing a vital role in generation of eco -friendly, cost effective power in self-powered form. Herein, a novel contact-separation mode based TENG is fabricated using waste biomaterial onion tunic (OT) as dielectric layer. Moreover, nanocomposite of OT with tin oxide SnOx (x = 1-2) (OT/SnOx composite), and tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized by chemical bath deposition (CBD) method, and used for making active dielectric layers for TENG. For comparative analysis, the biomaterials egg shell membrane (ESM), garlic tunic (GT), almond peel (ALM), bombax ceiba fibers (BOM), calotropis fibers (CALO) and highly electronegative inorganic material polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) have also been used as TENG dielectric layers. The synthesized materials are characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The average particle size of SnO2 NPs and OT/SnOx is in the range of 17–24 nm and 50-60 nm, respectively. The highest output voltage of 19V is produced by TENG combination of SnO2 NPs - PTFE followed by OT/SnOx composite - PTFE (16.6V) and least voltage (10.7V) produced by BOM – PTFE as active dielectric TENG layers by manual tapping of 4–5 Hz. The extensive experimentation observation of single TENG output voltage peaks help in deciding the position in the triboseries of materials used in this study. This triboseries reflects that all biomaterials, NPs and OT/SnOx composite are highly electropositive in nature with respect to PTFE. The fabricated TENGs also tested to power tens of green Light emitting diodes (LEDs), small digital wrist watch and successfully produce range of voltages from mechanical energy of different human activities like walking, running, and jumping.

MARKET ADOPTED BY TITAN

This examination paper has been written to comprehend the buyer purchasing conduct towards Titan wrist watches in Noida. The goals of this exploration is to concentrate on the variables influencing decision of sort of Titan wrist watches, to gauge the consumer loyalty towards Titan wrist watches, to figure out the ideal stage for purchasing of watches and to figure out the kind of lash material liked for wrist watches. Illustrative examination plan and non-likelihood (accommodation) inspecting method has been utilized to direct this exploration. To gather the essential information, poll is utilized and telephonic meeting is directed. . Information is broke down utilizing SPSS. The aftereffects of the review uncovered helpful data about the customers purchasing conduct which may be of extraordinary worth to the advertisers and the makers of Titan organization.  World's fifth biggest Watch Manufacturer  65% portion of the overall industry in coordinated watch market  Sonata: India's biggest selling watch brand  Fastrack: India's biggest youth brand  Tanishq: India's driving Jewelry player  Titan Eye+: India's biggest corporate store in Eyewear  Strength in Retail: 968 stores with over 1.3 million sft region  Conveyance: More than 11,000 multi-brand outlets

Design and Fabrication of Portable PPE Kit Sterilization

Abstract: Medical demands during the COVID-19 pandemic have triggered a grave shortage of medical-grade personal protective equipment (PPE), especially, N95 respirators. N95 respirators are critical for the personal protection of medical providers and others when being exposed to individuals with infections caused by the SARS- CoV-2 coronavirus. To address the shortage of PPE Kit &amp; N95 respirators, innovative methods are needed to decontaminate coronaviruses from N95 respirators &amp; PPE Kit, allowing them to be safely reused by healthcare workers. For this research, we use a commercial ozone disinfecting cabinet to examine the efficacy of ozone-based disinfection of a conservative surrogate virus for SARS-CoV-2/Ultra Violet radiation, Chlorination, washing with soap and heating are some methods of sterilizing. Ultra Violet light is thebest sterilizing and disinfectant agent, used for domestic as well as clinical purpose. Food packets, books, stationery, medical equipment’s, toys, electronic gadgets like mobile phones, laptops, wrist watches, etc. can be sterilized with UV radiation whereasother methods of sterilization cannot be used. UV light does not release any waste andis eco-friendly, if used in a controlled manner. UV radiation is a range of electromagnetic waves with shorter wavelength (high frequency and energy). The wavelength from 100-280 nm known as UV-C isthe best disinfectant used for purifying water, air, sterilizing vegetables and surgical equipment’s. Research has shown that UV-C wavelength can kill harmful fungi, protozoa, bacteria and viruses like SARS- CoV-2 Virus. The article describes the construction of a low-cost UV-C Sterilizer Boxwhere UV radiation is taking place in a closed environment. Safety features are also incorporated to prevent humans from UV light exposure. The germicidal property of ultraviolet-C is well known. This review will cover the most commonly described methods for sterilization of PPE Kit, namely, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation. These techniques have been tested previously and have demonstrated efficacy in reducing or inactivating viral and bacterial pathogens, although testing against SARS-CoV-2 specifically has not been done. Moreover, it must be emphasized that proper disposal after a single use is still ideal under normal circumstances. Keywords: UV, UV-C LED, Sterilize, Ultraviolet-C; decontamination; N95 respirator; peracetic acid; SARS-CoV-2, ozone

Heart rate variability based physical exertion monitoring for manual material handling tasks

Physical exertion monitoring has been strongly emphasized to avert the ill-effects of physically demanding nature of many industries such as construction. Recently, several sensors-based approaches have been suggested as an alternative to traditional subjective feedback-based methods. Although the proposed sensor-based approaches have laid the foundation for automated physical exertion monitoring, they require multiple on-body and/or off-body sensors to collect psychological, physiological, acceleration/posture or weather-related data. As such, multiple on-body sensors may instigate irritation and discomfort whereas other off-body sensors require additional resources for handling and managing them. To address these limitations, taking a minimalistic approach, this study explored the use of heart rate variability (HRV) metrics which could be computed from a single electrocardiogram or optical sensor (often found in fitness wrist bands and smart watches). For this purpose, manual material handling experiments were conducted while state-of-the-art HRV features were used to perform physical exertion monitoring with ensemble classifiers and artificial neural network (ANN) based regression analysis. The results indicate that ensemble classifiers achieved accuracies from 64.2% to 81.2%, depending on the number of levels in which physical exertion data was divided, whereas ANN regression achieved the least root mean square error of 1.651. Given the wide availability of HRV sensors in fitness bands and wrist watches, this study highlights the usability and limitations of HRV based physical exertion monitoring which could help make informed decisions related to its adoption in physically demanding industries such as construction.

A Comparative Analysis of Healthcare Monitoring Systems Using WSN

Wearable sensors and forms of social media are very helpful in providing a new way to collect medical data for effective healthcare monitoring. Technological solutions have benefited people's daily lives practically in every industry. Sensing devices that detect and gather signals from the sources such as human, environment, and machines, design the response accordingly. Innovative sensor techniques are used in a variety of applications in healthcare, production, lifestyle, fitness, and everyday life. These sensors can be used as wrist watch, implanted under the body or skin, and can be attached with the treads of clothes. Wearable sensors, which have transmission, computing, storage, and sensing capabilities, are known as a wireless body sensor network (WBSN). The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging information technology that enables performance enhancement and improved solutions in the health sector. This review gives a brief outline of the various types of sensors that are used for healthcare monitoring, WBSN components, and its applications.

Relationship between the evaluation of lifestyle factors of elderly people as measured by the Health Wrist Watch and the health index

article: Relationship between the evaluation of lifestyle factors of elderly people as measured by the Health Wrist Watch and the health index - Gazzetta Medica Italiana - Archivio per le Scienze Mediche 2021 December;180(12):785-95 - Minerva Medica - Journals

The Current State and Features of the Japanese Watch Market

The article presents a brief historical background to the formation period of the Japanese watch industry and provides the most important statistical data characterizing its current state. The corporate structure of the Japan watch industry is represented by three giant companies: “Seiko”, “Citizen” and “Casio”. The article shows what place the watch business occupies in the overall sales structure of these companies, highlights the features of their production and sales strategy, lists the most important financial indicators, outlines the main measures taken in connection with a sharp deterioration of the market situation amid pandemic. Back at the end of the 20th century, Japanese watch companies transferred the bulk of their enterprises to the countries of Southeast Asia with a cheaper labour force. At the same time, the production of technically complex wristwatches, requiring qualified personnel, remained mainly in Japan. It was this primordially Japanese production that became the basis for the gradual transition of Japanese watch products to the elite segment of the market, although manufacturing companies are solving the issue of such a transition by various methods. In the final part of the article, the approximate capacity of the Japanese wrist watch market is calculated, based on data from international sources, the role of imports in meeting domestic demand is assessed, and some of its features in Japan are also indicated.