Wrist Band Research Articles

A system for work efficiency improvement by user activity analysis and feedback

The efficiency of work processes is an important factor in company success and economic growth. Many companies are still using inefficient processes due to a lack of knowledge or defective implementation. The processes that rely upon intellectual labor, such as software development or management activities, are often undocumented, which makes them difficult for optimization. We present a method of tracking of the psychophysical state and activities of employees and providing them feedback intended to optimize the work process for work efficiency and user well-being. We use recorded traces of the user actions, including the created artifacts, and detect the psychophysical states on the base of data acquired from portable devices, including fitness wrist bands and EEG sensors. The method has been implemented in a hardware and software system whose architecture we describe in this paper. The system has been developed for the software engineering industry, but the method itself applies to other domains as well. We show how to adapt the proposed approach to different types of working environments and business processes. As the efficiency of the work process is a major factor contributing to the industrial and economic modernization, we discuss the ways to apply the method to business processes that are important for the Arctic region of Russia.

Combined FIM-PHI-Based Wearable Biosensor

Focused impedance method (FIM) is a simple non-invasive way of diagnosing epidermal tissue health by subsequent measurements of localized impedance using a set of tetra-polar orthogonal electrodes. The concept is further advanced to an increased number of electrodes with repeated FIM cells that combinedly form a pigeon hole image (PHI) and used to diagnose a range of physiological conditions and disorders. In this work, a wearable imaging device has been demonstrated by combining the attributes of FIM-based pigeon hole imaging and utilised them for detecting unusual body mass within a biological system. The device uses a total of twenty-five Cu electrodes uniformly distributed over a spatial area <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${A} = 16$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm² which combinedly form the 16 elements of a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> PHI matrix. The PHI device is capable to produce a 2D crude image of bio-impedance with a pixel resolution of 1 cm and visualise an unusual body mass underneath the testing surface at depth, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${d}_{p} \sim 0.3$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to 2.0 cm. The ubiquitous functionality of the device has been demonstrated by integrating into a custom made flexible fabric as wearable wrist band that measures the PHI image and recognizes three common gesture positions using a well-known artificial neural network classifier. The wearable device can be an emerging telemedicine solution for rapid screening of a range of abnormal physiological phenomenon at patient&#x2019;s home or in a regional hospital with resource limited settings.

Understanding Smart Wearable Sensors Technology: Impact on Human Health and Fitness

In the field of health care management, smart wearable devices and its supporting technologies have tremendously made a name all around the globe. Smart watches and other sensor trackers are practically being used by various people and its usage has shown to be accompanied with lots of benefits. This technology was envisaged to play a vital role in the healthcare needs of people; especially with applications in the healthcare sector. The objective of this study, therefore, is to evaluate the technological impact of wearable sensors in human health and fitness (HHF). A web based survey was used for data collection for the period of one month. Emails were sent to registered members of a particular gym who uses any of the smart wearable sensors in keeping fit. The study findings indicate that among the smart wearable devices examined, smart wristwatches (45.6%) appears to be the most commonly used wearable sensor device followed by smart wrist bands (34.7%), smart textiles (10.7%) and smart rings (9.1%). This signifies that a large number of people can effortlessly use SWSs and devices and are optimistic about its support in their daily healthcare/fitness needs. Users are positive on the technological prospects of SWSs and devices; although there is a gap between personal motivation to use wearable devices and trust in the confidentiality and privacy of data generated.&#x0D; Keywords: Devices, Health, Fitness, Wearable, Sensors

The Evolution of Smart Wrist Band by Using Sensors

In recent years, the integration of various electronic components and sensors with textiles aimed at giving additional functions has become more common. In this respect the wrist band can be made functional while retaining the aesthetic appeal and style at lower cost which is in high demand. Smart textiles are fabrics that have been designed and manufactured to include technologies that provide the wearer with increased functionality. Smart textiles can be produced by knitting, weaving and embroidering with conductive threads, conductive metal coating and screen printing that can be used to develop wearable electronic textiles but amongst these, the use of conductive inks onto textiles has gained interest due to the ease of their use and manufacturing scalability. The emergence of wireless technologies and advancement in on-body sensor design can enable change in the conventional healthcare system, replacing it with wearable ones, centered on the individual. Wearable monitoring systems can provide continuous physiological data, as well as better information regarding the general health of individuals. Thus, such vital-sign monitoring systems will reduce healthcare costs by disease prevention and enhance the quality of life. This dissertation is aimed at developing smart band by incorporating vital-sign monitoring systems. Using this assembly, the recent progress in non-invasive monitoring technologies for chronic disease management is reviewed. Devices and techniques for monitoring pulse rate and body temperatures are discussed in particular. For our research conductive ink and conductive fabrics are presented additionally. The main aim of this project is to produce a wearable wrist band which detects vital body parameters like pulse rate and temperature using sensors, conductive ink and conductive fabric. Finally, the recorded temperature and pulse rate readings are sent to mobile app via Wi-Fi

Effectiveness of P6 Acupressure on Reduction of Nausea, Vomiting &amp; Retching among Antenatal Women attending Antenatal Clinic at District Hospitals of Sikkim

Background: Nausea vomiting and retching are troublesome symptoms, which occur during the first trimester of pregnancy. Considering the adverse effects caused by most drugs used during pregnancy to control these symptoms, alternative treatments such as acupressure have been suggested in various studies. The present study examined the effectiveness of acupressure wristband at P6 point on nausea, vomiting and retching during pregnancy among Sikkimese women. Methods: A non-blinded randomized clinical trial conducted in outpatient department of District Hospitals of Sikkim in 2017 among 80 antenatal women having mild nausea, with or without vomiting or retching within 8th to 12th weeks of gestational period. After consecutive sampling, participants were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups comprising 40 women in each group. The experimental group applied the acupressure wrist band and self-assessed symptoms were recorded twice a day as per Rhodes Index Scale. The control group did not receive any intervention but was asked to record the self-assessed symptoms as per Rhodes Index Scale.Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 15 applying descriptive, and inferential statistical methods. Result: A significant difference was observed on 5th, 6th and 7th day after performing the intervention in experimental group as compared to control group. Further, the mean duration, discomfort and frequency of nausea, vomiting and retching scores in experimental group showed significant decrease as compared to the control group (p &lt;0.001). Conclusion: Acupressure on P6 point has proved to be effective to reduce the duration, discomfort and frequency of nausea, vomiting and retching. How to cite this article:Lepcha K, Devi B, Das M. Effectiveness of P6 Acupressure on Reduction of Nausea, Vomiting &amp; Retching among Antenatal Women attending Antenatal Clinic at District Hospitals of Sikkim. Int J Nurs Midwif Res 2020; 7(1): 24-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.9318.202005

Smart Wrist Band for Women Safety

It has become quite difficult for today girls to move freely on streets. This has become a constant matter of worry and safety regarding their safety. There has been a tremendous increase the harassments against women these days. 54%of all the harassments registered are women harassments. We can’t change the society but we can increase the security of girls. This proposed system for women consists of a wearable safety device which operates with sos button. This project is built using raspberry pi, GSM module and GSM modem. The sos button is provided in the band. If women get into any trouble, then if she presses sos button then the message is sent to registered mobile number. The message along with the location details is sent to the already registered mobile numbers and other emergency contacts. The location of the user is tracked using GPS. The LCD display will display the status of the project. This tracking system is a combination of raspberry pi, GPS receiver and GSM modem. The GPS receiver receives the location data from the satellite in the form of latitude and longitude. When a person presses the sos button, the raspberry pi processor processes this information and send it to the predefined registered mobile numbers through GSM modem. This research work can be applied in the safety sector for women. It reduces the crime rate against women to a major extent.

Gait-Watch: A Gait-based context-aware authentication system for smart watch via sparse coding

In recent years, wrist-worn smart devices such as smart wrist band and smart watch have pervaded our everyday life. Under this trend, the security issue of these wearable devices has received considerable attention as these devices usually store various private information. Conventional methods, however, do not provide a good user experience because they either depend on a secret PIN number input or require an explicit user authentication process. In this paper, we present Gait-watch, a context-aware authentication system for smart watch based on gait recognition. We address the problem of recognizing the user under various walking activities (e.g., walking normally, walking upstairs and walking with calling the phone), and propose a feature extraction method from gait signals to improve recognition accuracy. Extensive evaluations show that Gait-watchimproves recognition accuracy by up to 30.2% by leveraging the activity information, and can achieve 3.5% Equal Error Rate (EER). We also report a user study to demonstrate that Gait-watchcan accurately authenticate the user in real-world scenarios and require low system cost.

Flexible Electronic Systems on Plastic Substrates and Textiles for Smart Wearable Technologies

AbstractThe future era of hyperconnected information technology demands smart wearable devices, which provide ubiquitous human‐oriented service platforms and imperceptible computing with hands‐free and lightweight gadgets. Wearable devices have progressively developed from accessories such as glasses, wrist bands, and watches to embedded types in fibers or textiles, skin tattoos, and even implanted in the user's body. As a crucial component of smart applications, the flexible electronic system should contain embedded active electronic components such as transistors and integrated circuitry for processing data acquired in sensors and transmitting them to wireless communication systems. The substrates of these flexible electronic systems have also expanded from flexible plastic substrates to conformable ones such as fabrics and textiles. Here, recent progresses in flexible electronic systems, composed of transistor‐based circuitry and active matrix built on plastics or textile substrates, with an emphasis on fabrication using the conventional technology for electronic materials, are reviewed. In addition, emerging application areas of smart wearable technologies in a health monitoring system are also presented.

The Role of Family Time Together in Meeting the Recommendation for Physical Activity among Primary School Children.

Family time may have an influence on children’s physical activity (PA) participation or may contribute to increased sedentary behaviour. The aim of this paper was to examine whether spending family time is associated with the PA of children aged 10–11. Cross-sectional data on 158 primary school children (80 girls and 78 boys) with a mean age of 10.6 ± 0.49 years were collected. Weight and height were used to calculate body mass index. The level of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was determined with a physical activity screening measure. Participants wore a Vivofit® wrist band activity tracker to measure their daily number of steps. The Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children questionnaire was used to obtain information from children about the frequency of activities undertaken by the family. Analyses entailed descriptive statistics of the total sample and by gender, t-test, and the Mann–Whitney U-test to examine the gender differences and Spearman’s correlation coefficients. It was found that 32.3% of the children did not accomplish at least 60 min per day on ≥5 of the seven days and more than 75.9% of them did not accumulate at least 12,000 or more steps daily. More boys than girls tended to be sufficiently active and met the guideline of at least 60 min per day on ≥5 of the seven days (70.5% and 65.0%, respectively) or 12,000 steps per day (25.8% and 10.0%, respectively). The number of steps during the weekday was significantly and inversely associated both in girls and in boys with active family time (r = −0.27 and r = −0.25, respectively), and with total family time (r = −0.28) and non-active family time (r = −0.25) only in boys. Average MVPA was also inversely correlated with active family time (r = −0.31), non-active family time (r = −0.24), and total family time (r = −0.29) in boys. The correlation effect size values ranged between small to medium significant differences for these measures. The findings underscore the need for community-based PA programmes designed for whole families to meet the recommended PA of children and also to develop and promote active leisure activities among families.

0205 Remote Collection of Daily Life Information for Japanese Residents

Abstract Introduction Japanese medical students spend their school days under a dense curriculum. It is often difficult to maintain their healthy lifestyle. After graduation, most of them participate in clinical training programs as residents. It is also difficult to maintain a normal life because they are engaged in different specialized departments every few months. Such an environment is considered prone to mental health problems. In fact, one in four residents are reported to be newly depressed two months after the start of clinical training (Maeno T, et al. 2008). These mental health issues are thought to be affected by changes in daily life, but it is difficult to know such changes. In order to investigate changes in their daily lives, we developed a data collection system related to mental health via the Internet. Methods The subjects were 22 medical students who graduated from our university in March 2017. They were asked to wear activity tracker wrist bands from December 2016. They were also asked to answer the questionnaire on a web site every week as much as possible, and the responses were collected via the Internet together with the activity data. The first eight months of the observation period, including four months before the start of clinical training and four month after the start of clinical training, are divided into four quarters every two months, and the averaged sleep time and responses to the questionnaire in each period were investigated. Results The average number of days that the sleep was effectively recorded during each two months was 28–48. The average number of responses to the questionnaire during each two months was 6.0–7.2. Conclusion Residents in the initial clinical training period should be very busy, but the system we have developed seems to have worked well with them for the first four months after the start of clinical training. Whether this system would work as well a longer period is a further problem. Support This study is supported by KAKENHI 16K01753.

A sub-cm3 energy harvester for in-vivo biosensors

The development of a kinetic energy harvester for in-vivo applications is reported. Consisting of an untethered magnetic platform encased by two stators, the device converts normal body movements into electrical power. A combination of microfabrication technologies, conventional manufacturing and 3D printing techniques were used to fabricate and package the harvester, measuring 0.27 cm3 in total volume. The device was initially tested on a linear shaker, yielding an RMS and instantaneous output power of 0.33 μW and 0.65 μW, respectively, on a 20 Ω matched load at 7.17 Hz actuation frequency. The device was then embedded on a wrist band to characterize its power conversion capability on human body, and tested during walking and running activities. Instantaneous output power measured during these activities were 0.28 μW and 0.61 μW for walking and running, respectively. The findings reported in this work demonstrate the potential of this energy harvester to continuously recharge the batteries of in-vivo biosensors, when implanted together in the body.

SUN-199 PHLEBOTOMY PRACTICE IN A TERTIARY CARE PEDIATRIC HOSPITAL - AUDIT FOR IMPLEMENTING "SAVE YOUR VEINS" INITIATIVE

Venipuncture is often done indiscriminately in hospitals leading to phlebitis and stenosis of veins. Patients with chronic diseases have difficult venous access and it is catastrophic in pediatric patients, more specifically those with chronic kidney diseases, hematological disease and cancers. Due to long life expectancy for paediatric chronic kidney patients, now all efforts must be focused on vein preservation for future use. Campaigns to preserve veins in kidney patients have been conducted worldwide, but not in developing countries. No paediatric specific data or campaigns are available. Hence, we reviewed the current practice of venipuncture in our pediatric department with special focus on nephrology patients. We aimed to assess the knowledge about vein preservation among our phlebotomists, nurses and junior doctors and review the current phlebotomy practice in pediatric patients in our center. A survey designed to test the knowledge among phlebotomists, nurses and junior doctors regarding vein preservation, assess current practice and willingness to get training was conducted and data was collected. Simultaneously we noted all venipunctures performed at the emergency department(ED), paediatric ward (PW) and paediatric outpatient department (OPD) in our hospital for 30 days. Data on admitting department, diagnosis, type of venipuncture (needle stick or cannula), purpose (sample collection or drug instillation), number of pricks and site preferred were collected. Outcomes like percentage of phlebotomies done by each group of health care personnel, preferred site and department or diagnosis associated with difficult venous access (2 or more attempts) were analysed. Out of 320 venipunctures recorded, 203 were considered for analysis (117 - insufficient data). The mean age of patients was 4.7 years. 85 (41.9%), 85(41.9%) and 33(16.2%) procedures were done in OPD, ED and PW respectively. General paediatrics department (n=116, 57.1%) had most patients, followed by nephrology (n= 34, 16.7%) and hematooncology (n= 33, 16.2%). 84/203 (41.3%) children were suffering from chronic disease. Nurses performed 103(50.7%), followed by phlebotomists (90 (44.3%)) and junior doctors (10(4.9%)). Only 17.2% requests had physician instruction regarding vascular access. 124 patients (61.1%) had needle stick and 79 patients (38.9%) had cannula placed. The preferred site used for needle stick method was cubital fossa (n=62, 50%) followed by dorsum of hand (n= 60, 48.3%). For cannula placement, 77/79 venipuncture attempts were made in dorsum of hand. 7% of patients required more than 1 attempt to obtain sufficient blood samples. Of 203 patients, 46 had difficult access and all these patients (100%) who had this difficult venous access were chronic disease patients (Kidney 50%, hematology 37.5%, endocrine 12.5% ). Only 60% of doctors and 33.3% of phlebotomists preferred dorsum of hand as first site. Vein preservation education is lacking and should be implemented in all hospitals. This strategy benefits children with chronic disease most, especially kidney disease. Interventions like flagging patients with chronic disease, use of wrist bands and bracelets, educating parents/children on vein preservation can help these patients.

A chitosan film containing quercetin-loaded transfersomes for treatment of secondary osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis, due to its prevalence worldwide, is a serious health problem. Topical administration of quercetin, a phytoestrogen, in the form of deformable transfersomes, could be used to treat osteoporosis to overcome its low oral solubility and bioavailability. Formulation process of transfersomes was screened by fractional factorial design and further optimized using full factorial design. Transfersomes showed good characteristics such as entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index (83.0 ± 2.2%, 75.95 ± 2nm, - 13.6 ± 6mv and 0.333, respectively). Transfersomes were further loaded into chitosan film and showed good permeation through rat skin. Further, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis rat model showed induction of osteoporosis after day 30. On day 45, treatment with chitosan film containing quercetin-loaded transfersomes showed remarkable rise in femur thickness, length, density as well as in serum biochemical parameters such as calcium, phosphorous, alkaline phosphatase, and tartrate-resistant alkaline phosphatase compared to positive control group. Tensile strength of osteoporotic femur bone was also found to be increased and was comparable with normal group. Histomicrographic analysis of femur bone exhibited less disruptive and lytic changes. Thus, all the above findings indicated the beneficial effects of quercetin-loaded transfersome chitosan film, due to decline in osteoclastogenesis and osteoblast apoptosis, which further favored increase in osteoblast numbers and mineralization of bones. Thus, chitosan film containing quercetin-loaded transfersomes was found to be good alternative to oral administration of quercetin to treat osteoporosis, while easy applicability of film in the form of wrist band anytime, anywhere, and even at work achieve patient compliance. Graphical abstract.

Emergency Protection System for Women

This venture depicts about a savvy keen security framework for ladies. Ladies everywhere throughout the world are confronting a lot of untrustworthy physical badgering. This procures a quick pace because of absence of a reasonable reconnaissance framework. Our task is a challenge to decide this issue. We are using two things wrist band and shows that are used in regular daily existence. A device takes after the group of a wrist got together by strain key at data impels show the end result shattering alert &amp; noxious gab instrument of a constrained self-opposite reason &amp; send region of a emergency message the contact and moreover comprehend enemy uses exist spouting tape. Nerve chat framework at a live spill capture using webcam is combined into a scenes going as an instrument to the insightful advancement. We genuinely acknowledge of endeavor will have any sort of impact on the female life.

Torsion Sensing on a Cylinder Using a Flexible Piezoelectric Wrist Band

A wrist band undergoes torsional loads during twisting motions of the human forearm. In this article, we investigate sensing torsional loads on a silicone cylinder using a wrist band hosting a sensor. We utilize a flexible sensor based on polyvinylidene fluoride, which is a flexible piezoelectric material. The flexible piezoelectric sensor is inserted into a pocket of the wrist band and outputs an electrical response to the torsional loads on the cylinder. We model the sensing response from the wrist band during the torsional loads on the silicone cylinder through an electromechanical model for a piezoelectric beam. To validate the model, we compare theoretical predictions with experimental data at systematically varied torsional loading conditions. The experimental results demonstrate that the sensor outputs are linearly proportional to the rotation angle of the cylinder. Moreover, we conduct human tests using the flexible piezoelectric wrist band sensor, and its result shows the same linearity about twisting motion angles of the human forearm. This article shows the feasibility of sensing from the twisting motion of a human forearm using a wrist band with a piezoelectric sensor.

Exposure of Nail Salon Workers to Phthalates, Di(2-ethylhexyl) Terephthalate, and Organophosphate Esters: A Pilot Study.

Relatively little is known about the exposure of nail technicians to semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in nail salons. We collected preshift and postshift urine samples and silicone wrist bands (SWBs) worn on lapels and wrists from 10 female nail technicians in the Boston area in 2016-17. We analyzed samples for phthalates, phthalate alternatives, and organophosphate esters (OPEs) or their metabolites. Postshift urine concentrations were generally higher than preshift concentrations for SVOC metabolites; the greatest change was for a metabolite of the phthalate alternative di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP): mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) terephthalate (MECPTP) more than tripled from 11.7 to 36.6 μg/g creatinine. DEHTP biomarkers were higher in our study participants' postshift urine compared to 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey females. Urinary MECPTP and another DEHTP metabolite were moderately correlated (r = 0.37-0.60) with DEHTP on the SWBs, suggesting occupation as a source of exposure. Our results suggest that nail technicians are occupationally exposed to certain phthalates, phthalate alternatives, and OPEs, with metabolites of DEHTP showing the largest increase across a work day. The detection of several of these SVOCs on SWBs suggests that they can be used as a tool for examining potential occupational exposures to SVOCs among nail salon workers.

Daily Physical Activity Among Toddlers: Hip and Wrist Accelerometer Assessments.

Physical activity (PA) habits seem to track over time from as young as early childhood. For children under age 3 years, wearable sensor-measured PA levels have begun to be investigated. The aims of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of using hip- vs. wrist-worn accelerometers, and to report accelerometer-derived PA metrics among toddlers. A convenience sample of 22 toddlers aged 13 to 35 months and their mothers were recruited for this study. ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometers were attached to wrist bands and waist belts. The mothers were asked to affix a wrist band and a waist belt to their participating children during waking hours for four days. They also completed an acceptability survey. Of the 22 toddlers, 19 (86%) had ≥ 3 valid days of hip data, while only 14 (64%) did so for wrist data (p = 0.16). In terms of acceptability, 18 mothers (82%) responded that the 4-day hip wear was easy, while only 13 (59%) responded that the 4-day wrist wear was easy (p = 0.19). Daily light-intensity PA (LPA) was on average 161 min, and daily moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) was on average 47 min, as determined using published hip accelerometer cut-points. There were no significant differences in LPA or MVPA by age or by sex. In conclusion, this study suggests that hip placement of an ActiGraph accelerometer is more feasible than wrist placement among toddlers.

P6541Wrist band photoplethysmography pulse morphology-based autocorrelation analysis enables atrial fibrillation detection without the need of pulse detection

Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is often asymptomatic and intermittent making its detection a major clinical challenge. A photoplethysmography (PPG) wrist band with algorithm-based detection of AF provides a promising solution for screening of AF. However, the shapes of individual pulse waveforms vary in AF decreasing pulse detection accuracy. Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of PPG wrist band pulse morphology in detection of AF. Methods A 5-minute PPG was recorded with a PPG wrist band from patients with AF or sinus rhythm. A simultaneously registered ECG served as the golden standard for the rhythm analysis and was interpreted by two cardiologists. In addition to using the inter-beat-interval (IBI) based AFEvidence algorithm in comparison, we extracted a feature straight from the PPG signal, without the need of pulse detection. This feature was calculated as the average of absolute autocorrelation values over different lags. The feature describes the regularity of the PPG signal and is decreased if the shape and periodicity of pulse waves vary. The performance of this PPG morphology-based method in detection of AF was evaluated and compared to the AFEvidence. Results The study population consisted of 213 patients (106 AF, 107 sinus rhythm). The sensitivity and specificity of PPG morphology-based autocorrelation AF detection method were 98.1% and 94.4%. For AFEvidence, the sensitivity and specificity were 96.2% and 98.1%, respectively (p=0.146 between the methods, McNemar test). PPG samples of AF and sinus rhythm Conclusions The PPG morphology-based autocorrelation method detects AF with good accuracy without the need of pulse detection. The method seems promising in detection of AF and should be studied further. Acknowledgement/Funding None

Low‐powered wearable motion detecting system using static electric fields

Recently, the commercial market has seen an increase in the availability of smart wearable Internet of things (IoT) devices (wearables) including such items as: smart shoes, smart watches, wrist bands, and pendants. Many of these devices are part of the human-in-the-loop cyber-physical systems. In this research, the authors have designed and developed an embedded sensory IoT system with a low-power Bluetooth communication module to collect body single node voltage using a smartphone. Their approach for sensing the user's movement builds on work in the electric field sensing. Experimentation and verification have been conducted on a group of test subjects with different test scenarios including remaining at rest, walking, jumping, running, hand waving, eating, and bending over. They designed and developed their sensor to detect body motion data, and then used their algorithm to analyse the collected data. This study introduces the use of signal processing techniques for sensor data analytics to detect human body motion. The system can detect activity with a high degree of accuracy (∼ 87%).

Effect of Acupressure versus Aerobic Exercise on Depression in Postmenopausal Women

AbstractBackground: The effect of acupressure and aerobic exer-cise on depression was a hot topic in physical therapy in the past decades. The results of the research available to date showed that acupressure and exercise training might be a promising, additional, safe and economical method to help in improving depression.Aim of Study: This study was conducted to compare the effect of acupressure versus aerobic exercise on depression in postmenopausal women.Material and Methods: A sample of 40 postmenopausal women diagnosed with depression by gynecologist and con-firmed by Zung self-rating depression scale, their ages ranged from 45 to 55 years with body mass index not exceeded 30kg/m2 participated in this study from the outpatient clinic of Kasr Al-Ainy University Hospital, Cairo University. They were distributed into two groups; each consisted of 20 post-menopausal women, Group (A) received acupressure by wearing wrist band for four weeks for 24 hours and Group (B) performing aerobic exercises on treadmill 3 sessions per week for four weeks for a duration 40mins (10mins warming up, 20mins running and 10mins cooling down).Results: Showed that there was a statistically significant decrease in the value of Zung self-rating depression scale measured at post-treatment compared with the pre-treatment in both study Groups (A) and (B) (p=0.001).On the other hand at post-treatment, there was a statistical significant decrease in value of Zung self-rating depression scale in Group B (38.80±3.02) when compared with its cor-responding value in Group A (46.90±3.82) with Z-value= –4.903 and p-value=0.001.Conclusion: Both acupressure and aerobic exercise have significant effect on depression in postmenopausal women but, patients may get additional benefit in improving the depression level through aerobic training program more than the acupressure.