Wrinkle Resistance Of Fabric Research Articles

Ester crosslinking on cellulose with pyromellitic acid for anti-wrinkle finishing

Aromatic carboxylic acids were investigated for anti-wrinkle finishing on cotton fabrics as it caused less damage to fibers. However, its application was limited to its poor water solubility. In this study, pyromellitic acid (PMA) was applied for anti-wrinkle finishing on fabric in 30%(w/w) ethanol solution instead of water. The optimum process parameters, such as concentration, bath pH, catalyst dosage, curing condition, were analyzed by orthogonal test for crosslinking cellulose. The surface morphology changes of treated fibers were recorded by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The possible reactive mechanism between PMA and cellulose was discussed by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), in-situ temperature-dependent Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results demonstrated that the optimized process for PMA crosslinking cellulose was PMA 0.3 mol/L, bath pH 1.5, sodium hypophosphite (SHP, NaH2PO2) 0.10 mol/L, baking condition 180 °C*1.5 min. The bath pH and curing temperature were the primary factors for fabric wrinkle resistance and strength lose, respectively. After repeated laundering, the strength loss of treated samples with PMA was obviously lower than that of aliphatic carboxylic acid and dimethylol dihydroxy ethylene urea (DMDHEU, 2 D resin). Meanwhile, PMA had less effect on fiber surface morphology and the fiber strength lose was mainly from the damage accumulation of macromolecular chains in fibers. The SHP catalytic action in PMA was much lower than that in aliphatic carboxylic acids for esterification. Moreover, the ortho carboxylic groups on PMA not only esterified with cellulose directly, but also dehydrated into anhydride and further reacted with cellulose. The crosslinking between PMA and cellulose was mainly by direct esterification rather than indirect esterification by anhydride intermediate. The results provided new insights for the application of insoluble crosslinker on cellulose.

Fabric wrinkle evaluation model with regularized extreme learning machine based on improved Harris Hawks optimization

Aiming at the problem of low manual efficiency and inaccuracy in the traditional evaluation of fabric wrinkle-resistance performance relying on the eye of experts and subjective judgment, this paper proposes a fabric wrinkle grade evaluation model based on optimized regularized extreme learning machine. First, this paper extracts four image characteristics of fabric wrinkle image, including wrinkle density, gray level co-occurrence matrix, wavelet parameter standard deviation and data fusion feature, combined with the grade evaluation standard, and then obtains a complete wrinkle grade data set. Then, differential evolution is used to initialize the initial population of the Harris Hawks optimization, and the improved Harris Hawks optimization is used to optimize the input weights and hidden layer bias of the regularized extreme learning machine. Finally, this optimized regularized extreme learning machine is used to evaluate the fabric wrinkle grade. Experimental results show that the classification accuracy of the model proposed in this paper can reach 96.39%, and the proposed algorithm has no abnormal points in the analysis of the stability of the box plot.

Application of Sericin in Anti-Crease Finishing of Silk Fabric

It is of perfect anti-crease effect that using sericin finishing agent in finishing of silk fabric. Analyzed integration test of wrinkle resistance of silk fabric, the optimally applied parameters are obtained as follows, the dosage of sericin is 15g/L, the concentration of TEA is 8g/L, twice dip and twice rolling, drying, baking in 3 minutes at 150 °C. The wrinkle recovery angle has been increased obviously after sericin finishing. Also the performance of anti-crease resistance can be improved effectively by adding 3g/L of sodium hypophosphite. The phenomena of increased solvent viscosity and activation energy of thermal decomposition were shown that the cross-linking structure were formed in the fiber with the using of sericin finishing, thereby the wrinkle resistance of the fabric was improved. Sericin finishing agent can increased the wrinkle resistant properties of fabrics effectively.

Novel testing equipment for fabric wrinkle resistance simulating actual wear

Wrinkling is one of the most important factors that determine the visual aesthetic of our clothes. To investigate wrinkling characteristics in actual wear and explore the relationship between the wrinkling caused by wearing and testing results of the wrinkle recovery angle (WRA) method, we made a device that can produce wrinkles very similar to those on clothes. Twenty-four fabrics were wrinkled by the device, and the images of wrinkled fabrics were analyzed. Wrinkle density (WD) was defined for wrinkling characterization. In addition, fractal dimension (FD) and gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) variables were also used to describe wrinkling. These features were subsequently correlation analyzed with wrinkle recovery angles in 11 directions. The results show that both FD and WD can be used to characterize the wrinkling behavior and wrinkles generated by the device have obvious fractal characteristics. The larger the wrinkle recovery angle, the lower the fractal dimension. GLCM variables (energy, entropy, contrast, and correlation) had not shown obvious correlation with WRA. Furthermore, the wrinkling behavior in the 45° direction plays an important role in actual wear. It is advised that the WRA in the 45° direction be tested.

Nonformaldehyde durable press finishing of cotton fabrics using the combination of maleic acid and sodium hypophosphite.

Polycarboxylic acids have been used as nonformaldehyde crosslinking agents for cotton with sodium hypophosphite (NaH2PO2) as the catalyst to replace the formaldehyde-based dimethyloldihydroxyethleneurea (DMDHEU). Maleic acid (MA), an α, β-unsaturated bifunctional carboxylic acid, can esterify cotton but is not able to form crosslinking between two cellulose molecules by itself. In this research, we discovered that the wrinkle resistance of the cotton fabric treated with MA and NaH2PO2 was significantly increased and phosphorus was bound to cotton when the treated fabric was exposed to temperatures higher than that required for esterification of cotton by MA. Elevation of the fabric wrinkle resistance and increase in quantity of the phosphorus bound to cotton had similar dependency on curing temperature, on MA concentration, and on NaH2PO2 concentration. All the data support the hypothesis that H-P-(residual of NaH2PO2) added to >CC< of the MA already bound to cotton by esterification, thus forming a new crosslink between two cotton cellulose molecules. The cotton fabrics treated by MA/NaH2PO2 showed fabric wrinkle resistance similar to that treated with DMDHEU, but the breaking strength and tearing strength of the MA-treated cotton fabrics were significantly improved.

Anisotropy in wrinkle properties of woven fabric

In this paper, the wrinkle resistance of plain fabrics woven with weft yarn in S‐ and Z‐twist directions and at various twist levels in different test directions has been measured and then analysed. Results show that the wrinkle resistance increases as the weft yarn twist increases. The wrinkle properties of the fabric show that the direction of test has an obvious effect on the results and the wrinkle resistance depends on the method of folding such as face‐to‐face and back‐to‐back methods. The experimental results showed that there is anisotropy in wrinkle properties of the fabric made of yarns with different twist directions. When the fabric is folded face‐to‐face and the weft twist direction is S, the wrinkle resistance of fabric in various test directions shows a convex curvature, whereas when the same fabric is folded in a back‐to‐back manner then results show a linear curvature. This means that the wrinkle resistance of a fabric differs in various directions and in the method of folding (back‐to‐back or face‐to‐face) and shows an anisotropic wrinkle resistance nature.

Cross-Linking Cotton Cellulose by the Combination of Maleic Acid and Sodium Hypophosphite. 1. Fabric Wrinkle Resistance

Durable press finishing agents used to produce wrinkle-resistant cotton garments are cross-linking agents for cotton cellulose. Polycarboxylic acids have been the promising durable press finishing agents to replace the formaldehyde-based reagents when sodium hypophosphite (NaH2PO2) was used as the catalyst. In our previous research, we found that a polycarboxylic acid esterifies cotton cellulose by first forming a five-membered cyclic anhydride as a reactive intermediate. Maleic acid (MA) is a bifunctional carboxylic acid, therefore is not able to form the second cyclic anhydride intermediate once it forms the first ester linkage with cotton. However, we discovered that MA imparted wrinkle resistance to cotton fabrics when NaH2PO2 was present, thus indicating that MA was able to cross-link cotton. Sodium hypophosphite functions as the catalyst for the esterification of cellulose by MA, and the esterification takes place at relatively low temperatures (≥130 °C). Esterification of MA forms single esterlinka...

Prediction of Wrinkle Resistance of Cotton Fabrics Using Neural Network

The method to objectively evaluate and to predict the fabric wrinkle resistance using the neural network was proposed in this paper. The fabric wrinkle resistance could be predicted by use of their textural feature and mechanical parameters. The correlation coefficient between the predicted value and practical wrinkle grade was as high as 0.9. The results showed that the wrinkle resistance of cotton fabrics not only could successfully be predicted using the neural network model that has been trained, but also could precisely be done using the one that has not been learned.

Formaldehyde‐free durable‐press finishes

Durable‐press finishing agents that neither contain nor release formaldehyde when applied to cotton fabrics are reviewed and compared with conventional N‐methylolamides in regard to fabric wrinkle resistance, smooth drying properties, strength retention and yellowing imparted. The need for agents that are not derived from formaldehyde results from international recognition that formaldehyde is a probable human carcinogen. When formaldehyde‐free cellulose crosslinking agents are screened to eliminate those having toxicity, odour and environmental problems of their own, the most likely candidates are seen to be polycarboxylic acids and 1,3‐dimethyl‐4, 5‐dihydroxy‐ethyleneurea (also known as DHDMI). These differ in cost and effectiveness, and will require further research and development to become fully practical.

The Effects of Construction on the Wear Wrinkling of Dacron®/Wool Suitings

This paper describes a systematic investigation of the effects of fabric construction on the wear wrinkling of worsted spun "Dacron" polyester/wool blend fabrics. Variables studied were blend ratio, yarn count, yarn twist, yarn ply, fabric tightness, and fabric weave pattern. The effect of these variables on the wrinkle resistance of fabrics was compared in laboratory tests under controlled atmospheric conditions and in carefully monitored slack wear tests. These studies led to the conclusion that the three major construction factors which determine wear wrinkling are the proportion of polyester fibers, the yarn count, and the weave pattern. Best performance resulted from the use of high blend levels, coarse yams, and long-float weaves. While the absolute performance levels can be modified by changing test conditions (humidity, wearer severity, or recovery time), the over-all conclusions are unaltered. Within the limits of this investigation, interfiber friction, yarn twist, and tightness for a given weave and yarn size (weight) had little effect on wrinkle propensity. These findings are generally consistent with accepted mechanical concepts of fabric behavior.