Woven Jute Research Articles

A Study on Mechanical Properties of Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Woven Jute Fiber Composite Polymer

Practice of biodegradable composites increase the attraction due to its lightweight and adequate strength. These plant fiber reinforced composites have captured the attention in construction and automotive industries. Jute fiber is one of the most affordable natural fibers obtained from the genus corchorus plant. In the present article woven jute fiber reinforced polymer composites are analysed to achieve the optimum layers and orientation of fibers for their peak mechanical properties. This study deals with the analysis of symmetrical and asymmetrical woven jute fiber reinforced polymers composite. Different types of composite test coupons are prepared based on number of layers and orientation of fibers like 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° & 90°. Polyester resin and Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide is used as a matrix and catalyst respectively. Tensile and flexural strength properties are studied as per respective ASTM norms. The woven jute fiber composites with different orientation exhibits better mechanical properties than randomly oriented fibers. Tensile and flexural tests are conducted and the results are tabulated. It was also found that as the number of layers and orientation angle increases the strength’s and modulus of composites are decreased.

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English

Efficacy of open weave jute geotextiles in controlling soil erosion and its impact on hill slope stabilization

Slope stabilization is a tedious process since various human activities being carried out in various parts of theworld have led to land use changes that has indirectly affected slope stability. Permanent structures are being usedfor slope stabilization which are costly and cannot be adopted in a large scale. Slope stabilization by establishinggrasses with the support of Jute Geotextiles is an alternative method for stabilization of slopes in hilly areas. Set offield studies were conducted at ICAR- Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation (IISWC), Regional Centre,Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, India with the objective to study the effect of various Jute Geotextiles (JGT) on runoff, soil loss, survival and growth of tea. Results of three years field study on efficacy of various types of open weave JGT namely 500, 600 and 700 GSM on slope stabilization showed that 700 GSM open weave JGT proved to be more effective in reducing runoff, soil and nutrient loss and increased soil moisture retention capacity of the soil. However, height and growth of tea plants were better under 500 and 600 GSM JGT. Considering the scope of tea cultivation in sloppy areas, rehabilitation of land slide areas using tea plants, optimal moisture requirement and better growth of tea plants, it is suggested that 500 GSM open weave JGT will be more effective for slope stabilization with tea plants.

Experimental Investigation on the Flexural and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Jute Fiber/Cork-reinforced Polyester Sandwich Composites

The flexural and dynamic mechanical behavior were evaluated for a new jute woven fabric/cork-reinforced polyester sandwich composite. To improve the fiber/matrix adhesion, jute fibers were treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and silane prior to composite preparation. The results indicated that the flexural strength and modulus of the composites increased after the alkali and alkali + silane treatments. Similarly, dynamic mechanical parameters, such as storage and loss modulus of the sandwiches, were enhanced as a result of alkali and silane treatments due to a better fiber/matrix adhesion compared with the untreated composites. It was also shown that the damping parameter decreased after the interfacial treatments, which indicated that the energy damping efficiency decreased as the interface quality was improved.

Performance of Plain Woven Jute Fabric-Reinforced Polyester Matrix Composite in Multilayered Ballistic System.

The ballistic performance of plain woven jute fabric-reinforced polyester matrix composites was investigated as the second layer in a multilayered armor system (MAS). Volume fractions of jute fabric, up to 30 vol %, were mixed with orthophthalic polyester to fabricate laminate composites. Ballistic tests were conducted using high velocity 7.62 mm ammunition. The depth of penetration caused by the bullet in a block of clay witness, simulating a human body, was used to evaluate the MAS ballistic performance according to the international standard. The fractured materials after tests were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that jute fabric composites present a performance similar to that of the much stronger Kevlar™, which is an aramid fabric laminate, as MAS second layer with the same thickness. The mechanism of this similar ballistic behavior as well as the comparative advantages of the jute fabric composites over the Kevlar™ are discussed.

Organically Modified Nanoclay and Aluminum Hydroxide Incorporated Bionanocomposites towards Enhancement of Physico-mechanical and Thermal Properties of Lignocellulosic Structural Reinforcement

A range of bio-nanocomposites were prepared by incorporation of organo modified montmorillonite nanoclay (OMMT) with or without use of aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) within polylactic acid (PLA) solution. Furthermore, the solution was employed for modification of ligno-cellulosic (jute) fabric structural reinforcements. The successful incorporation of nanofillers within the host polymer, polylactic acid (PLA) was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Water uptake and swelling behaviour studies revealed that the water uptake and swelling ratio of bio-composites reduced significantly as compared to pristine jute fabric, whereas upon incorporation of OMMT and Al(OH)3, the water barrier properties reduced even further in the developed bio-nanocomposites. The flexural strength of the bio-nanocomposites also showed improved mechanical and dimensional stability. Synergistic effects of OMMT and Al(OH)3 were observed in enhancing the aforementioned physico-mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed microstructural details of developed samples. Similarly, the thermo-gravimetric analysis and linear burning rate studies of Al(OH)3 treated bio-nanocomposite materials revealed enhanced thermal resistance and reduced flammability respectively compared to both pristine woven jute fabric and fabrics treated with PLA alone or those without Al(OH)3. From the above results it can safely be said that the bio-nanocomposite material can be a prospective candidate for development of flame retardant biopackaging.

Surface Modification Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Woven Jute Fabric Reinforced Laminated Composites

ABSTRACTDuring recent years, crude material costs and increasing environmental concerns have led to the search for new reinforcement materials for composites. Consequently, interest on natural fiber reinforced polymer composites has increased significantly owing to their easy availability, light weight, and low price. In this study, surface modification effects were investigated on the mechanical properties of woven jute fabric reinforced laminated composite plates, experimentally. The woven jute fabrics were retained at the rates of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% NaOH solution for 15 days at room temperature for surface modification process. Then, woven jute/epoxy (WJE), woven jute/polyester (WJP), and woven jute/vinylester (WJV) laminated composite plates having six layers were produced using modified woven jute fabric. The mechanical properties of woven jute reinforced laminated composites, such as tensile, compression, and shear properties, were determined at room temperature. The experimental results were analyzed statistically with Weibull distribution having 85% reliability level. The statistical results showed that the surface modification process and type of matrix material have dramatically affected the mechanical properties of woven jute fabric reinforced laminated composites.

Effect of Weave Structure and Yarn Density on Mechanical Attributes of Jute Fabric Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

This paper represents a comparative study of the different weave structures of jute woven fabric reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites. The weave structures were selected as plain (1/1), twill (2/1), twill (3/1) and basket (2/2). Composites (40% fiber by wt.) were prepared by using compression molding technique. The mechanical properties such as tensile strength (TS), bending strength (BS) and impact strength (IS) of the composites were evaluated and compared. It was found that basket weave/PP based composite showed the highest mechanical properties. The optimum value of TS, BS, TM, BM and IS of the composite were found to be 49.7 MPa, 92.5 MPa, 867 MPa, 5.6 GPa and 29.8 KJ/m2.To find out the effect of yarn density on mechanical properties of the composites, 2/1 twill structure was selected and found significant improvement in the mechanical properties with the increase of Ends/Inch (EPI) and Picks/Inch (PPI) in the fabric. Water uptake and degradation behavior in aqueous medium of the composites was also observed.

Determination of mechanical behavior of natural fibre based hybrid composites experimentally

AbstractThis paper deals with the production and the mechanical testing of natural fibre‐based hybrid composites. Hybrid composite is produced by vacuum assisted resin infusion method of woven jute fabric and nonwoven wool felt along with glass fabric. Tensile, flexure and impact properties have been evaluated and compared. The tensile strength and the Young's modulus were found to be 70.66 MPa and is 5.63 GPa, respectively. Flexure and impact tests were performed on both woven jute fabric surface and on nonwoven wool felt surface of the composite specimens. The highest flexural strength was obtained in the specimen loaded at the woven jute fabric surface. Impact test results show that the specimens impacted at the nonwoven wool felt surface were carrying higher loads than the specimens impacted at the woven jute fabric surface.

Mechanical behavior of nanocellulose coated jute/green epoxy composites

The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of nanocellulose coating on the mechanical behavior of jute/green epoxy composites. Cellulose was purified from waste jute fibers, converted to nanocellulose by acid hydrolysis and subsequently 3, 5 and 10 wt % of nanocellulose suspensions were coated over woven jute reinforcement. The composites were prepared by hand layup and compression molding technique. The surface topologies of treated jute fibers, jute cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), nanocellulose coated jute fabrics and fractured surfaces of composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The prepared composites were evaluated for tensile, flexural, fatigue and fracture toughness properties. The results revealed the improvement in tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, fatigue life and fracture toughness of composites with the increase in concentration of nanocellulose coating over jute reinforcement except the decrease in tensile strength.

Mechanical property evaluation of woven jute–coir fiber based polymer composites

In this twenty-first century, the interest in using natural fibers as reinforcement in polymer composite material has increased significantly. These composite materials are replacing the traditional materials and reducing overall costs at great extent. Now this natural fiber based composite manufacturing has been a wide area of research and it is the most preferred choice for its superior properties like low density, stiffness, light weight and possesses better mechanical properties. In this work, an investigation has been carried out on jute and coir fiber reinforced (fabricating by hand lay-up technique) hybrid polymer composites. The effect of fiber orientation effect according to two jute fiber direction (0°/90° and 45°/45°) has also been investigated. The mechanical properties like tensile, flexural and impact properties of these composite materials has been studied and analyzed using experimental and numerical analysis (In Autodesk Simulation Mechanical). Fractured surfaces were comprehensively examined with scanning electron microscope to determine the microscopic fracture mode and to characterize the microscopic mechanism governing fracture. The maximum tensile strength (62 MPa), flexural strength (89.12 MPa) and impact strength (190.65 J/m2) is obtained from jute 45°/45°–coir 0°/90° composite. The investigation revealed that fiber orientation significantly affect the mechanical properties of these composites. The predicted results based on the FEM analysis were found to be in reasonable agreement with experimental observations.

Fatigue Behaviour and Life Assessment of Jute-epoxy Composites under Tension-Tension Loading

The present study involves fabrication and fatigue life assessment of multi-layered, woven jute fibres with epoxy matrix composites. Jute fabric were treated with 1N sodium hydroxidesolution for a duration of 6 hours. Alkali treatment was done to modify internal structure as well as surface properties of fibre. Laminates were fabricated by laying up multi layered woven jute fabric at varying angle [0-900/ (±450)2/0-900]. Vacuum bagging method was used to reduce the void content and thus increase the quality of composites. Tension-Tension fatigue tests were performed with a constant fatigue stress ratio (R=0.1) and results obtained from the tests were used to plot S-N Curve. A model based on power law equation was used for curve fitting.

Optimization of woven jute/glass fibre-reinforced polyester hybrid composite solar parabolic trough collector

In the present work, structural analysis of 5.77m × 4m woven jute (J)/glass (G) fibre-reinforced polyester hybrid composite solar parabolic trough is carried out based on trough parameters to obtain the minimum RMS local slope deviation, termed as SDx value under gravity loading. The optimization is done by varying parameters viz. direction and size of reinforced conduits, stacking number and sequence of hybrid trough laminate at fibre orientation of Δθ=45° and Δθ=60° amongst the layers at 0° collector angle. The analysis revealed that the configuration in which the conduits are placed in both X and Y directions is preferred over other configurations to scale down the effect of wind loads. Furthermore it has been observed that laminate of the order [0°G/45°G/-45°J/90°J]s undergoes minimum surface deformation amongst all the other configurations at conduit reinforcement in both X and Y directions for a conduit thickness of 0.75 mm and radius of 10 mm and obtains the overall SDx value of 1.3492 mrad. The results shows that proposed trough model is very promising and evolves a cost effective system.

Mechanical properties of waste paper/jute fabric reinforced polyester resin matrix hybrid composites

Hybrid composites were prepared with jute fabric and un-shredded newspaper in polyester resin matrix. The experiment was designed 1:2 weights ratio jute and unshredded newspaper to have 42 (w/w)% fibre content hybrid composites and two different sequences jute/paper/jute and paper/jute/paper of waste newspaper and jute fabric arrangement. Reinforcing material is characterized by chemically, X-ray diffraction methods, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and tensile testing. The tensile, flexural and interlaminar shear strength and fracture surface morphology of composites were evaluated and compared. It was found that tensile and flexural properties of the hybrid composite are higher than that of pure paper-based composite but less than pure woven jute composite. The hybridization effect of woven jute fabric and layering pattern effect on mechanical properties of newspaper/woven jute fabric hybrid composites were studied. The test results of composites were analyzed by one-way ANOVA (α=0.05), it showed significant differences among the groups.

Analysis of electrical, thermal and compressive properties of alkali-treated jute fabric reinforced composites

The effect of alkali treatment on thermal, electrical and compressive behaviour of jute composite has been studied. The plain woven jute fabrics were manufactured using handloom. The manufactured fabrics were treated with alkali at the optimized treatment conditions of 5% NaOH for 4 h at 30℃ made into a composite of [0°]4 lay-up sequence by means of compression moulding technique using vinyl ester resin. The improvement in the crystallization of the alkali-treated jute fabric was characterized using differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction technique. The composites were characterized for compression strength, thermal conductivity and electrical resistance properties. It is observed from the results that the alkali-treated jute composites showed increased compression strength, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of the composites. This may be due to the better adhesion of the fabric–matrix interface with the removal of lignin and hemicelluloses that impart hydrophobicity on the fabric.

A comparative analysis of physico‐mechanical, water absorption, and morphological behaviour of surface modified woven jute fiber composites

During the last few decades, some ecological concerns have resulted in an improved interest in the natural fiber reinforced polymer composites because of their low cost, low density, lightweight, nontoxic, combustible, biodegradable, and high specific mechanical properties. Among various natural fibers, jute has been widely used for various applications due to its advantages. Currently, jute fiber based composites are mostly used in door panels, automotive parts, household goods, agriculture, and horticulture. Chemical treatments are able to induce fiber modifications that increase their resistance when utilized in composite products. The objective of the present research work is to study the physical, mechanical, and water absorption behaviour of jute fiber reinforced by epoxy composites with and without fiber treatment. A series of composites with different fiber content (10, 20, 30, and 40 wt%) is fabricated using a simple hand layup technique. Jute fibers were subjected to chemical modification namely, mercerization (alkali treatment) and benzoylation (benzoyl chloride treatment) to improve the interfacial bonding with the matrix. A comparison has been made between the untreated composites and treated composites. Finally, the surface morphology of fractured surfaces after tensile testing is also examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Experimental results show the significant improvement in mechanical properties for treated fiber composites. As far as the comparison of alkali treatment and benzoyl chloride treatment, the benzoylated jute fiber based composites show the better properties. Improvement in the water absorption resistance has also been recorded for the treated fiber composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:2952–2960, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

Theoretical modeling of mechanical properties of woven jutefiber reinforced polyurethanecomposites

Natural fiber reinforced composites and biocomposites have wide interest as an inexpensive and biodegradable material. In present work, a comparison is made between experimental data and different theoretical models. The experimentally observed mechanical properties of woven jute fiber-reinforced polyurethane resin composite for different fiber loading have been compared with the existing theories of reinforcement. An analysis has been done on the existing models for the prediction of the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of natural fiber composites. Composite models, such as parallel, Hirsch, Cox, Halpin T-sai, mass fraction based models have been tried to fit the experimentaldata.

Experimental Study on Effect of Stacking Sequence, Clearance and Clamping Torque on Strength of FRP Composite Bolted Joints

The work presented in this paper covers an experimental study on finding the effect of fiber volume fraction, width to diameter (W/D) ratio and clamping pressure on single bolted lap joint of woven jute fabric reinforced epoxy and woven glass fiber reinforced epoxy (GFRP) composites. Composite laminates were prepared by hand layup technique and were made with two different fiber volume fractions. GFRP laminates were made with three staking sequence. For each volume fraction, four different W/D ratios were studied. In each group unnotched member was also fabricated and tested to determine the efficiency of the joint. All the tests were conducted on Zwick universal testing machine. The result of the study indicates that the joint efficiency increases continuously with the increase in the fiber volume fraction but decreases with the increase in W/D ratio. Tension and cleavage type of failure modes were observed on the specimens. The effect of clamping pressure and clearance on joint strength of GFRP laminates is also presented.

Potential Applications of Open Weave Jute Geotextile (Soil Saver) in Meeting Geotechnical Difficulties

Geotextiles made of natural fibres like jute have been found to be effective in improving geotechnical characteristics of soil and are being extensively used for various technical end-uses viz. rural road construction, protection of river banks, stabilization of embankments, erosion control, management of slopes, consolidation of soft soils etc. Out of the several natural agents causing extensive damages to roads, landslides can claim to be a major destroyer. Open weave Jute Geotextile (JGT), popularly known as soil savers, if properly designed can fulfil the said criteria besides facilitating growth of vegetation. This article delineates testing and analysis of the prime property parameters of some open weave JGT samples of different fabric weight categories, manufactured in the jute mills, followed by their comparative analysis based on which they have been selected to fulfil the end-use requirement. This was followed by determination of the tolerance limit of the property parameters of the selected open weave JGT samples by statistical interpretation for formulation of the specification before the actual field trial.

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This work presents an experimental study to determine the mechanical properties in bending, tension, compression and shear of a new sandwich material based on natural materials (jute and cork). The sandwich material is made basically of natural materials whose soul is agglomerated cork white (located in Jijel, East of Algeria) and the skins are woven jute with ortho phthalic polyester resin. Agglomerated white cork granules with medium density were used (cork boards with thicknesses of 10, 20 and 30 mm). The bending tests were performed on standard samples that were cut elaborate sandwich plates. The sandwich material prepared was tested for 3 and 4 flex points which indicate the stress, strain, bending stiffness, shear strength and failure mode. It was also found that a core thickness of 10 mm has better results compared to 20 and 30 mm. The results of this study allow us to develop a variety of agglomerated cork white product in for the development of low-density sandwich panels for use in the field of insulation and field of construction. Key words: Cork, jute, resin, sandwich, mechanical characteristics.