Woven Fabrics Research Articles

Pemanfaatan Rotan di Wilayah SUB DAS Mandar (Studi Kasus : Desa Kalumammang Kecamatan Alu)

The aim of this study; to find out the use of rattan in the Mandar Sub-watershed, Kalumammang Village, Alu District, Polewali Mandar Regency. The use of rattan as a multi-purpose plant in the Mandar Sub-Watershed of Kalumammang Village has quite a lot of potential where there are 4 types of rattan. The rattan plants most widely used for woven materials are emblem (Calamus sp) and Sega rattan (Calamus axillaris Becc.). The types of rattan crafts used by the community include baskets used as containers for transporting goods and clothing containers, these baskets are made from sega rattan. Apart from that, there is also a mattress beating craft, which is woven material made from sega rattan which is usually used to beat mattresses after drying them so they don't get dusty. The traditional use of rattan is local wisdom that has been passed down from generation to generation, but there has been no research regarding the use of rattan as a craft material. Keywords: Utilization, rattan, types of crafts

Thermal comfort and mechanical analysis of vigorous diamond and diaper weaves; warp, weft and balanced float fabrics with equal thread densities

Diamond (pointed twill) and diaper (herringbone twill) woven assemblies are considered ideal for applications where thermal insulation, heat retention, wrinkle resistance, strength, softness, and breathability attributes are crucial. Limited research has been found on the optimization of thermal comfort and mechanical performance of warp face, weft face and balanced float diaper and diamond woven assemblies. In this work six different woven assemblies have been engineered using cotton (cellulosic yarn) on a dobby machine, having warp face (4/2) weft face (2/4) and balanced float (3/3) based diamond and diaper weave designs with equal number of thread densities. Thermal comfort (dry fluid transmission, thermal resistance, stiffness, and overall wet fluid management capability) and mechanical (tensile, puncture and tear strength) tests were performed for developed woven fabrics. The results of diamond warp face sample showed the highest dry fluid transmission and volume porosity. Diamond weft face specimens showed the highest thermal conductivity behavior and diaper weft face exhibited the highest overall wet fluid management capability behavior. Stiffness was the highest in diamond balanced float. Diamond warp faced fabric showed the highest tearing durability and diaper weft face showed the highest tensile resilience in mechanical performance attributes.

Sustainable Jute Fiber Sandwich Composites with Hybridization of Short Fiber and Woven Fabric Structures in Core and Skin Layers

AbstractSustainable hybrid composites, made of two different natural plant fiber types, are increasingly being attracted by composite researchers, for their cost effectiveness and ability to control mechanical performances through varying weight ratios of different fibers. In contrast, their lower mechanical properties are reported in the literature, because of strength variations of different fiber types and an improper fiber‐matrix stress distribution. Therefore, it is aimed to develop sustainable hybrid composites from two dry fiber preforms—woven fabric and short fiber preform—originated from same fiber type (jute). A highly packed short fiber preform is used as the core layer, while woven fabrics (plain/twill–rib/twill–diamond) are used in the skin layers for producing sandwiched hybrid jute composites. Mechanical tests and scanning electron microscopy images show that hybridized plain fabric/short fiber preform composites have better mechanical properties (≈58 MPa tensile strength/≈117 MPa flexural strength/≈112.12 kJm−2 impact strength with an ≈487.4% improvement) compared to other fabric structures hybrid/nonhybrid composites. This enhancement is related to the interlocking of short fibers with long plain fabric leading to a strong fiber‐matrix interfacial bonding. Thus, this developed hybrid composites, can be applied in many semi‐structural applications, wherein composites’ low cost and mechanical performances are primary concerns.

The Role of Craftsmen Group in Increasing Potential Tourism of Paksebali Village

By exploiting the potential of art and culture that exists in Paksebali Village, this can be a prominent and sustainable tourist destination. The synergy between the craftsmen group and the tourism sector will not only boost the local economy, but also ensure that this rich cultural heritage is preserved and appreciated by future generations. Innovation in craft products that combines local cultural elements with modern trends. While previous research mostly deals with Although previous research mostly discussed the tourism potential in Paksebali Village, this article focuses on craftsmen who can create various types of products that are attractive to tourists, such as Endek Cloth Weaving Craft, Tedung, Prada Bludru Craft, Lontek Craft, Gambelan Bali Craft, Topeng Bali Craft. This diversification helps attract tourists who have a variety of preferences. This qualitative research was conducted in Paksebali village, Dawan Subdistrict, Klungkung Regency, Bali. Data was collected using the combination between in-depth interview and observations. The informants who participated in this research are craftsmen in Paksebali village, as my case studies. The findings show that through synergies between the craftsmen group and the tourism sector, there is a mutually beneficial exchange of value. Tourists gain experience and quality products, while the craftsmen gain the opportunity to increase their income and expand their market. In addition to economic benefits, these collaborations also have an impact on the preservation of local culture. Craftsmen products often reflect the history, tradition, and identity of a region. With increasing tourist interest in these products, the group of craftsmen is encouraged to continue to preserve and develop their expertise. Craftsmen in Paksebali Village can help increase the village's attractiveness as a tourist destination, while maintaining and preserving local cultural heritage. It is recommended that Craftsmen in Paksebali Village is expected to improve quality and innovation in craft products, setting up a craft centre or gallery, working with tourism agencies, conducting digital marketing and promotion, improving the packaging of craft products to make them more attractive, actively participating in exhibitions and festivals as well as cultural preservation and education.

Release of microplastic fibers from synthetic textiles during household washing

Textile materials are one of the primary sources of microplastic pollution. The washing procedure is by far the most significant way that textile products release microplastic fibers (MPFs). Therefore, in this study, the effects of various textile raw materials (A acrylic, PA polyamide, PET polyester, RPET recycled polyester and PP polypropylene), fabric construction properties (woven, knitted), thickness and basis weight values on MPFs release at different washing stages (pre-washing, soaping/rinsing) were examined separately. To mimic the most popular home washing procedures, a 10-min pre-wash and a 35-min soaping/rinsing phase at 40 °C were selected for the washing procedure. Utilizing the Image J program on macroscopic images captured by a high-resolution SL. R camera, the microfibers collected by filtering the water have been visually counted. According to the results, knitted fabrics released fewer MPFs than woven fabrics, with the woven acrylic sample (A3-w) exhibiting the highest release (2405 MPFs). The number of MPFs increased along with the thickness and weight of the fabric. Recycled polyester was found to release more MPFs than virgin polyester under the same conditions (1193 MPFs vs. 908 MPFs). This study demonstrates how recycled polyester, although initially an environmentally beneficial solution, can eventually become detrimental to the environment. Furthermore, it is known that the pre-washing procedure—which is optional—releases a lot more MPFs than the soaping and rinsing procedures, and that stopping this procedure will drastically lower the amount of MPFs incorporated into the water.

Dynamic strengthening of UHMWPE yarns by incorporating ZrO2/PU coatings

Wrapping is an effective technique for reducing defects in fabric weaving and promoting even wetting in composite manufacturing, which is potential to enhance the impact resistance of armor materials. In this study, we impregnated UHMWPE yarns with a polyurethane (PU) compound and cured them to create composite yarns, and ZrO2 was introduced to improve the toughness. The microstructures were analyzed using three-dimensional X-ray computed tomography, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Quasi-static and dynamic tensile experiments were conducted using a universal testing machine and Kolsky tension bar, respectively. High-speed imaging was used to capture the real-time failure process, and post-fracture analysis was performed to examine the fracture morphology. The effects of strain rate, gauge length, and the presence of PU and ZrO2 on the mechanical behavior of the yarns were investigated. The results showed that the peak force of the composite yarns with PU coatings exhibited strain-rate dependency at low strain rates (below 4.4 × 10−2 s−1) but became insensitive to strain rate in the higher range of 4.4 × 10−2 s−1 to 1500 s−1. Furthermore, the introduction of ZrO2 effectively increased the peak force, potentially by strengthening the bonding between individual fibers within the yarn.

Etnomatematika: Eksplorasi Amak Lampisan Mandailing dalam Pembelajaran Matematika

The decline in cultural understanding among society is something that must be taken seriously and requires ongoing study, because culture is one of the distinctive characteristics of a nation. Linking the surrounding culture with learning is one step to preserve and maintain this culture for future generations. Amak lampisan Mandailing is a typical woven mat from the Mandailing Tribe which has elements of mathematical concepts in it. The ethnomathematics studied are mathematical concepts related to learning material at SMP/MTs and equivalent schools. This research uses exploratory research with an ethnographic approach to study the relationship between culture and learning materials. explore the shapes and patterns of amaklampisan. The aim of this research is to bring out cultural wisdom in mathematics learning so that it can motivate and influence students' learning achievement. This type of research is exploratory qualitative research about Amak Lampisan Mandailing. Based on the results of this research, Mandailing lampisan amak is related to material in mathematics such as rectangles, congruence and similarity, arithmetic sequences and series, social arithmetic.

Jute/basalt fabrics in microcellulosic-filled epoxy composites for lightweight applications

For the production of lightweight, eco-friendly, and incredibly robust products, hybrid bio-epoxy composites stand out as an outstanding material choice in the manufacturing sector. This study focused on creating a composite, where in the epoxy resin infused with microcellulose fillers is reinforced by stacking four layers of basalt-jute-jute-basalt woven mats. The composite was made through the hand lay-up process, followed by the meticulous process of compression molding. The inclusion of microcellulose, sourced from the leaves of the Musa paradisiaca plant (MPPL), was a key component. The extraction of microcellulose from the MPPL involves alkali treatment, acid hydrolysis, bleaching, and slow pyrolysis. This micro cellulose was introduced to the layered composite in varying proportions (ranging from 0 % to 10 %). Subsequently, we carried out comprehensive tests in line with ASTM standards to assess the material's effectiveness with regard to thermo-mechanical properties and water absorption characteristics. The outcomes of these evaluations highlighted that the composite featuring a 5 % Musa paradisiaca plant leaf micro cellulose content within the basalt-jute-jute-basalt layers exhibited notably superior attributes in tensile strength (99.74 MPa), flexural strength (77.87 MPa), impact strength (40.27 kJ/m2), hardness (97 HRRW), and crystallinity index of 6.3 %. Furthermore, our investigation extended to the analysis of fractural morphology to understand the bonding behaviour and fracture patterns within the composite.

Load-bearing behavior of short-fiber-reinforced textile-reinforced concrete for a wrapping process

In the research project titled Wrapping process for highly fiber-reinforced concrete using the example of a pump sump (WiFaPu), a new production process for components made of short-fiber-reinforced textile-reinforced concrete was developed. The idea of wrapping concrete continuously around a formwork evokes high-level requirements on the workability of concrete while matching reinforcement properties. In this study, the load-bearing behavior of wrappable short-fiber-reinforced textile-reinforced concrete with an uncoated textile reinforcement made of AR-glass is investigated via tensile and bending tests. The concrete inserted into the wrapped layers by casting, laminating or spraying and the short fiber content and warp/weft direction of the uncoated fabric have a major influence on the load-bearing behavior of the tested specimens with regard to the utilized tensile strength and crack spacing. Members produced by inserting the concrete in a spraying or laminating process showed low tensile strength and unsatisfactory cracking patterns in the warp direction of the fabric due to the lacing of rovings, which led to lower matrix penetration. For rovings in the weft direction without lacings, higher utilized tensile strengths and fine crack patterns are observed. The casting of specimens leads to significantly higher utilized textile tensile strengths if the reinforcement is slightly tightened in the formwork. Compacting fine-grained concrete leads to better roving penetration than does the spraying process. The addition of short fibers generally benefits the cracking pattern and partially compensates for the negative effects of the textile weave on the utilized tensile strength as well as on the warp direction of the crack pattern. The load increase in tensile and bending tests is proportional to the increase in short fiber content and fiber length. Finally, the influence of different coatings is examined for another uncoated textile reinforcement made of AR-glass with a more favorable textile weave. The utilized tensile strength of the reinforcement is almost doubled when impregnated with a fine cement suspension and directly installed in the formwork and cast. An impregnation process such as this can also be integrated into the wrapping process.

A Review of the Electrical Conductivity Test Methods for Conductive Fabrics

With the substantial growth of the smart textiles market, electrical properties are becoming a basic requirement for most of the advanced textiles used in the development of wearable solutions and other textile-based smart applications. Depending on the textile substrate, the test method to determine the electrical properties can be different. Unlike smart fibers and yarns, the characterization of the electrical properties of fabrics cannot be tested between two connection points because the result would not represent the behavior of the entire fabric, so the electrical properties must be related to an area. The parameters used to characterize the electrical properties of the fabrics include resistance, resistivity, and conductivity. Although all of them can be used to indicate electrical performance, there are significant differences between them and different methods available for their determination, whose suitability will depend on the function and the textile substrate. This paper revises the main parameters used to characterize the electrical properties of conductive fabrics and summarizes the most common methods used to test them. It also discusses the suitability of each method according to several intervening factors, such as the type of conductive fabric (intrinsically or extrinsically conductive), its conductivity range, other fabric parameters, or the final intended application. For intrinsically conductive woven fabrics, all the methods are suitable, but depending on the requirements of conductivity accuracy, the contact resistance from the measuring system should be determined. For intrinsically conductive knitted fabrics, two-point probe, Van der Pauw, and eddy current methods are the most suitable. And for intrinsically conductive nonwoven fabrics, two-point probe and four-point probe methods are the most appropriate. In the case of extrinsically conductive fabrics, the applied method should depend on the substrate and the properties of the conductive layer.

Functional performance of low-cost electronic yarn for E-textiles

The current work presents and discusses the design and performance qualities of braided electronic yarns for woven textiles to produce red light-intensity effects. The design process involves a simple encapsulation process with adhesive tape and a heat-shrinkable tube to secure stainless-steel conductive threads (SS-CTs) to the solder pads of light-emitting diodes. These are arranged in a series against two SS-CTs to provide single positive and negative terminals at both ends. Findings from the infrared images show that the heat distribution and dissipation of the stainless-steel conductive threads are insignificant in affecting the wear comfort of the electronic textiles on the human body. The washing test shows the robust nature of the braided electronic yarns even after 20 cycles of being subjected to high agitation and mechanical stress. A proof of concept illustrates the effectiveness of the study results, which calls on further research work to enhance the durability and flexibility of the braided electronic yarns and electronic textiles to ensure a higher level of wear comfort. These braided electronic yarns would find end applications for nighttime visibility of pedestrians, a situation that would improve the recognition of drivers for reduced collision.Graphical abstractA simple low-cost process to manufacture electronic yarns (e-yarns) starts by embedding light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in series on two stainless-steel conductive threads (SS-CTs) through encapsulation in a heat-shrinkable tube (HST), and insulating one side of the SS-CT, then braided by using 8-core retroreflective threads that are then woven to form an electronic textile (e-textile). The braided e-yarns and e-textiles when washed exhibit good performance properties for clothing that would be interactive to enhance the nighttime visibility of pedestrians.Impact statementElectronic textiles otherwise known as e-textiles have been the subject of scholarly attention in recent years due to their performance properties and wide areas of application for entertainment, monitoring, and safety purposes. The use of appropriate electronic yarns (e-yarns) plays a key role in connectivity and provides the necessary feedback when applied to a textile material. E-yarns are now replacing a few modern electronic textiles (e-textiles) that use rigid copper wires commonly applied in electronic circuits for e-textiles and improve the wear comfort of the garment. The integration of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) into conductive threads to form electronic yarns for textile material can be applied not only for entertainment purposes but also as a safety feature for pedestrians. The use of appropriate components is necessary to ensure and maintain the textile quality and properties for effective wearability. Herein, an e-yarn fabricated with stainless-steel conductive threads and LEDs for e-textiles is presented. As part of ongoing research work to develop smart interactive clothing to increase the nighttime visibility of pedestrians, this work discusses the design and performance qualities of braided e-yarns for woven textiles. The success of these low-cost, flexible, and strong (high wash durability) braided e-yarns facilitates their integration into woven fabrics for smart clothing to enhance the visibility and therefore safety of pedestrians.

Effect of abrasion level on surface handling and thermal conductivity of blended suit fabrics

The tactile comfort of garments is of great interest for researchers to achieve their performance efficiently. This research aims to study the ability of blended worsted fabrics to be used as men’s suits by checking the thermal conductivity (k) and surface handling properties that are represented in surface roughness deviation (SMD), surface mean friction (MIU), and electrostatic properties before and after abrasion actions. Different levels of weft yarn counts (16 Ne and 24), weft density (19 and 21 per cm) and fabric weave structures (stripped twill 2/2 and stripped satin 4) were used. Abrasion weight loss percentage, thermal conductivity, surface roughness, and friction in warp and weft directions, and electrostatic properties were measured. Results showed that all the fabric factors studied are significant to affect abrasion weight loss percentages, thermal conductivity, and fabric roughness in the weft and warp directions. Fabric friction behavior follows the fabric roughness, but there is a difference between weft direction and warp direction. In addition, the fabrics achieved a reasonable resistance to form static charges after abrasion actions, and the fabric factors studied are not significant to affect the electrostatic properties except for abrasion cycles as P-value equals 0.03.

Effect of stabilising overfeed of draw textured yarns on woven fabric properties

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of draw texturing of polyester yarn on various structural, mechanical, and physical characteristics of plain woven fabric. Partially oriented (POY) polyester filament yarn is taken as starting material for the experiment, which has undergone draw texturing treatment with seven different levels of stabilizing overfeed (SOF) percentage (2%–14%), keeping other texturing parameters constant. Plain woven fabrics are prepared by using the control and six textured yarns as weft on a water jet loom while warp yarn and other weaving parameters are kept unchanged. Thickness, porosity, tensile strength, tearing strength, bending stiffness, water vapour & air permeability, and dye-uptake ability of the control and six textured fabrics are evaluated and analyzed to find out the effect SOF on the fabric properties. It has been observed that the bending length, water vapour & air permeability, tear strength, and pore size of the fabrics are gradually reduced as SOF increases. Meanwhile, thickness, tensile strength, and dye absorbency increase as SOF increases.

Cut-resistance of elastic high-performance composite yarn

Soft and lightweight personal protective equipment for civil or military use that is made of cut-resistant textiles is usually rigid and heavy, less elastic or flexible. Insertion of elastane fiber during the fabrication of rigid textiles seems to be working, but actually is not. Therefore, it presents a severe challenge in achieving an appropriate balance among elasticity, flexibility, and protection. To address this issue, an elastic cut-resistant composite yarn is fabricated by single wrapping ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene around elastic Spandex. The effects of wrapping parameters (including the twist, spindle speed, and yarn combination) on yarn elasticity and coverage are investigated to achieve a perfect wrapping, and the cut-resistance of the composite yarn is evaluated by using a self-improved AUTOGRAPH universal testing machine. It demonstrates that the cutting process of the composite yarn consists of four stages, the cut modulus and yarn elasticity are highly correlated with yarn structure and wrapping process parameters. The optimizing coverage and cut-resistance are achieved when the twist is 750 t/m, which is also with a high elastic recovery rate (79.79%) and low plastic deformation rate (10.11%). Groups of parallelized composite yarns with varying densities are fabricated by self-improved sample holders to simulate the cut-resistant weaving fabrics with different weaving densities, of which the cut-resistance is evaluated. The resistance against cutting varies significantly among different groups, which is directly proportional to their densities. Finally, two types of elastic cut-resistant fabrics with different structures are woven from fabricated elastic cut-resistant composite yarns practically. Both weft-backed weave and the double-layer weave fabrics have good flexibility and protection, of which the cut-resistance is level 1 and level 2, respectively. Thus, the composite yarn has an excellent elasticity and maintained cut-resistance, which is an ideal material for the production of highly elastic protective textiles.

Multi-objective optimization of weight reduction process parameters of micropolyester woven fabrics using Taguchi gray relational analysis

The weight loss process variables of alkali-treated micropolyester woven fabrics were optimized and reported in this study. The gray relational analysis with the help of the Taguchi technique was efficiently used to optimize the key variables of this process. The caustic soda concentration, treatment temperature, and weight loss machine speed were considered the control or design parameters. The weight reduction percentage, air permeability, tensile strength, and thermal resistance of alkali-treated woven polyester fabrics were also considered as responses in this study. The experiments were implemented according to a 33 full factorial design. The levels of the control parameters which yield the maximum weight reduction, tensile strength, air permeability, and minimum thermal resistance of the treated polyester fabrics were found to be the sodium hydroxide concentration, and treatment temperature with the highest levels, and machine speed with the lowest level. This means that a 27% caustic soda concentration, treatment temperature of 125°C, and machine speed of 40 m/min exhibited the optimum properties of the treated micropolyester fabrics. It was also proved that the treatment temperature is the most influential factor affecting the micropolyester fabric’s properties. The confirmation test, which was carried out in this study, confirmed that the gray relational analysis improved the alkali-treated polyester fabric properties.

Study of the slippage and sliding mesoscopic defects during complex shape preforming of woven fabric

Study of the slippage and sliding mesoscopic defects during complex shape preforming of woven fabric

A numerical study on the effects of fabric structure on the impact resistance of 3D interlock woven fabrics

Three-dimensional (3D) woven fabrics have emerged as an effective structure for ballistic protection due to their flexibility, multi-impact resistance, and ability to form complex shapes. However, the influence of different 3D fabric architectures on ballistic performance is not fully understood. This study investigates the ballistic response of three types of 3D angle-interlock woven fabrics (3DTAWF, 3DSSWF, 3DSBWF) using numerical simulations with experimentally validated material models. Full-scale fabric models enable examining the dynamic behavior at the yarn level. Results show 3DSBWF exhibits the best ballistic performance with higher ballistic limit and energy absorption compared to 3DTAWF and 3DSSWF. Damage evolution indicates 3DSBWF and 3DSSWF have better structural integrity during penetration. The higher warp density and straighter warp path contribute to balanced warp-weft energy absorption and improved impact resistance in 3DSBWF. This study elucidates the role of 3D fabric structure on energy absorption patterns and failure morphology. The findings provide valuable insights into 3D woven fabric designs for optimizing ballistic protection performance.

Influence of the Structure of 3D Woven Fabrics on Radiation Heat Resistance and Thermophysiology Properties

The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of structural and constructional parameters of 3D fabric on two of the most significant properties of fabrics for thermal protection—resistance to radiation heat and thermophysiological properties. Today’s textile materials provide high thermal protection, but they display poor thermophysiological properties in extreme conditions. Six samples of 3D fabrics were developed using a laboratory weaving machine. The examined samples were made of identical warp, with a total of three different weft densities, and were woven in two different weaves. The conditions of the weaving process and construction were the same. EN ISO 6942:2022 and EN ISO 11092:2014 methods were used to determine the resistance of the samples to thermal radiation and thermophysiological properties. The results showed that the samples that contained folds in their structure with a larger volume of “trapped” air had better thermophysiological properties and better resistance to thermal radiation. The volume of air contained in the 3D structure was used as a thermal insulator and it did not have a negative effect on the thermophysiological properties. The described structure enabled the 3D fabric to have an optimal ratio of thermal protection and comfort, which is of crucial importance for fabrics used to make thermal protective clothing.

One stone for four birds: Multifunctional MXene-coated PET fabric with favorable photothermal, antibacterial, flame retardant, and EMI shielding properties

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) woven fabrics are gradually becoming the main substrate for breathable multifunctional wearable electronic textiles owing to their lightweight, high strength, good chemical resistance, and low cost. The coating process of MXene was modeled and optimized by the response surface methodology (RSM). Simultaneous effects of cycles and time on the performance of MXene-coated PET fabric were studied. Noticeably, the optimized flexible, breathable, and washable PET heater with the RSM approach exhibited exceptional multifunctional performances with a low loading amount and maintained its inherent properties. The lightweight wearable heater demonstrated superior electrical conductivity and excellent photothermal properties with a wide temperature range. Furthermore, the excellent relative electromagnetic shielding (up to 59.5 dB/mm in X-band) and antibacterial activity of the multifunctional heater against Escherichia coli (E. Coli) within a short time of 20 min reached over 98% without the addition of disinfecting agents. More significantly, MXene created the flame retardancy of PET fabrics and anti-dripping performance, representing safety in service. These multifunctional wearable MXene-based heaters are outstanding candidates for heating management and health protection in the future with high sensitivity, fast response, easy processability, and suitable durability.

Designing an Eco-Friendly Information Center and Gallery for Sustainable Woven Fabrics in Jakarta

Designing an Eco-Friendly Information Center and Gallery for Sustainable Woven Fabrics in Jakarta