Weave Design Research Articles

A traditional secret saving method of woven designs in talapatra pothi by Rangani at Dhalapathar

A traditional secret saving method of woven designs in talapatra pothi by Rangani at Dhalapathar

Revolutionizing PET fabric performance with advanced metal deposition techniques

This study introduces an innovative approach to enhance both the air stability and conductivity of PET fabric using a novel dual-metal electroless deposition (ELD) technique. The fabric, woven with a combination of open weave (loose) and close weave (compact) designs, underwent coating with the metals nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu). Unlike conventional single-metal deposition methods, which often struggle to achieve optimal stability and conductivity simultaneously, this research pioneers the application of dual deposition to address these challenges effectively. The methodology entailed a series of carefully orchestrated steps including pretreatment, plasma treatment, silanization, polymerization, and ELD. The success of each stage was meticulously validated through water contact angle measurements, ensuring the efficacy of this work. Surface analysis techniques confirmed the uniform deposition of metals, as evidenced by surface morphology and elemental mapping. Additionally, detailed insights into the chemical composition and crystallinity of the coated fabrics were provided through XPS and XRD analyses. The results revealed a significant improvement in air stability and conductivity compared to traditional single-metal deposition methods. While fabrics coated solely with Cu exhibited high initial conductivity, they suffer from poor air stability. Conversely, Ni deposition demonstrated notable enhancements in air stability, with outcomes further influenced by the weave design of the fabric. Notably, in this work, the pioneering dual Ni-Cu deposition strategy not only addresses the air stability concerns associated with copper-coated fabrics but also maintains superior conductivity levels.

Experimental investigation on the thermal characteristics of Kevlar/hemp intraply hybrid composites: Influence of various weaving designs

In this work, several weaving designs of intra-ply woven fabric Kevlar/hemp fiber (KHE) reinforced epoxy hybrid composites are developed and their thermal characteristics are examined. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that intra-ply hybrid of plain and basket weave designs possessed highest thermal stability. The different weaving patterns of KHE hybrid composites have no effect on the glass transmission temperature (Tg) value as inferred from the differential scanning calorimetry results. The thermomechanical analysis clearly demonstrates the superior dimension stability of the hybrid composites with basket weave. Dynamic mechanical analysis reveals that twill weave KHE have exhibited the maximum storage modulus (2021 MPa), loss modulus (210 MPa) and lower tan delta (0.3090) values compared to all other composites. Based on the obtained results, it is denoted that all the fabricated KHE hybrid composites displayed improved thermal performance. It may be suitable for applications in thermal insulation panels, fire-resistant clothing, and automotive underbody shields.

Assessment of 3D woven near‐net‐shaped I‐sections for aeronautical applications: Weave design, manufacture, and mechanical properties under multiple loading conditions

Assessment of <scp>3D</scp> woven near‐net‐shaped I‐sections for aeronautical applications: Weave design, manufacture, and mechanical properties under multiple loading conditions

Thermal comfort and mechanical analysis of vigorous diamond and diaper weaves; warp, weft and balanced float fabrics with equal thread densities

Diamond (pointed twill) and diaper (herringbone twill) woven assemblies are considered ideal for applications where thermal insulation, heat retention, wrinkle resistance, strength, softness, and breathability attributes are crucial. Limited research has been found on the optimization of thermal comfort and mechanical performance of warp face, weft face and balanced float diaper and diamond woven assemblies. In this work six different woven assemblies have been engineered using cotton (cellulosic yarn) on a dobby machine, having warp face (4/2) weft face (2/4) and balanced float (3/3) based diamond and diaper weave designs with equal number of thread densities. Thermal comfort (dry fluid transmission, thermal resistance, stiffness, and overall wet fluid management capability) and mechanical (tensile, puncture and tear strength) tests were performed for developed woven fabrics. The results of diamond warp face sample showed the highest dry fluid transmission and volume porosity. Diamond weft face specimens showed the highest thermal conductivity behavior and diaper weft face exhibited the highest overall wet fluid management capability behavior. Stiffness was the highest in diamond balanced float. Diamond warp faced fabric showed the highest tearing durability and diaper weft face showed the highest tensile resilience in mechanical performance attributes.

Development of a Novel 120-Hook Punched Card Reader to Regenerate the Woven Designs

Development of a Novel 120-Hook Punched Card Reader to Regenerate the Woven Designs

Cultural Statistics: Behind The Weaving Designs of T’nalak Tapestry

This research describes the multidisciplinary approach in between culture and mathematics/ science concepts, bounded with the different ethno modelling approaches. Like ethno modelling in math-ethno mathematics and physics-ethno physics The static value of the every IPs crafts man, evolve the statistical geometric patterns like the crystallize and geometric weaving designs, volume, areas and its skeletal designs most particularly in the geometric designs of some T’nalak handloom tapestry. When the artistic mind works, dynamism of neurons particles create a weaving designs and patterns with frequencies of wavelength that pointing in a symmetrical and elliptical rays of designs down to his affective and psychomotor of every T’nalak weavers, that’s include that application of cultural statistics. The cultural statistics based on the image processing analysis based on amplitude, wavelength and string theory in perfections of the unique designs of T’nalak weaving patterns.

Protective and Comfort Performance of Fire Protective Clothing

The study examined the fire protection performance of several woven products. Given that the comfort and fire protection properties of fire protective clothing (FPC) are opposite, it is important to consider the specific needs of firefighters when selecting the most suitable structure from various plain-woven derivatives, such as plain, basket, and ripstop. The yarn used was Nomex IIIA, which is a type of meta-aramid fibre. To achieve different thread densities, the pick density was adjusted while keeping the end density constant. The physical characteristics, thermal protective performance, thermal resistance, thermal conductivity, water vapour transmission rate and air permeability of all samples were assessed according to the appropriate standards. The goal was to identify the weave structure with the highest performance and the most optimal thread density. The basket weave structure was proposed as a fire protective clothing (FPC) having comfort qualities at a moderate level. Furthermore, increased density provided enhanced fire resistance, however, comfort must be sacrificed. Thus, to achieve a balance between fire protection and comfort, it was recommended to choose a thread density that is of an average level and the suggestion made by this research is to use the fabric as a basket weave design with an ends per inch of approximately 42, it is recommended to retain the pick density within the range of 46 with 44 tex Nomex IIIA yarn. The results of this study may be replicated in other designs using Nomex IIIA and comparable types of cloth and weave specifications.

A COMPREHENSIVE CASE STUDY ON TRADITIONAL WEAVING OF WESTERN RAJASTHAN

The present paper discusses an age-old craft practised in India named Pattu weaving. This weaving technique is based on the extra weft weave design. Along with the ground warp and weft, few extra bright colored yarns are used in this technique to weave beautiful motifs on the fabric during the weaving process. The craft follows the sustainable way of fabric manufacturing as the fabrics are made on the handloom and follow the traditional ways for pre-weaving process also. The craft becomes more relevant in the present scenario considering the fact that for the last few decades unsustainable practices have increased drastically due to the imbalance of demand and supply, scarcity of natural resources, advent of unsustainable technologies among the other factors. While traditionally, sustainable practices were an integral part of the lifestyle of human beings and balanced the eco-system of the earth. One of the ways for balancing the natural energy consumption is utilization of all natural resources wisely by reinventing traditional craft practices. Hence, the present study focuses on the materials, tools, techniques and processes used in the Pattu weaving craft. PASTLE analysis of the craft has also been done to understand the opportunity and challenges of the craft. Along with this, a comparative analysis of the traditional and contemporary raw materials, techniques, motifs, colour range and application of the craft have also been covered in this paper. For this study, the primary research is based on the information that was collected during Craft Research Documentation activity funded by the Ministry of Textiles, India. Data from Secondary research has also been added to strengthen the analysis.

Mock leno weave design-preparation on jute cotton union fabric

In the Weaving department of the Mechanical Processing Division of the Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, the characteristics of union fabric made of jute and cotton with a fancy weave design were investigated. The goal of this study is to create jute-cotton union fabric with a Mock leno weave pattern for a variety of applications. 10/2 cotton yarn was used for the warp, while 17 lbs/spy jute yarn was utilized by the weft. The elaborate union fabric was created using a Mock leno weave pattern with a repeat size of 12 by 12.

Colour prediction as a weaving design selection help tool in Jacquard CAD

The final colour prediction of a weave design made of dyed yarns is a difficult problem. This study shows how a geometric model can be developed to obtain the final colour prediction objectively. For this purpose, a woven material was divided into weft, warp and pores. Then, all parameters needed for the calculation of each colour contribution were identified. A geometrical model based on construction parameters was developed to predict the surface colour contribution of each coloured yarn in a weave surface. To validate the predicted colorimetric data, a visual assessment experiment was conducted. Then, the difference between the predicted and actual colour appearance of the weave pattern was evaluated and analysed in function of weaving structures, and weft yarns colours. For this purpose, simple woven structures (plain, twill 1/3, basket 2/2 and satin Turc) with four coloured weft yarns were used. Results show that the proposed model could correctly predict the final colour of weave designs. Therefore, the model has the potential to eliminate subjective evaluations and reduce prototype sample production by automating the process of weave/colour simulation, thereby reducing the cost and time for product development. The methods of utilization of colour in woven textiles depend upon the composition of the weave design to be woven and the structure parameters of the cloth.

SUSTAINING THE CULTURAL HERITAGE: HANDLOOMS IN HIMACHAL PRADESH

Traditional textiles in India have been a reflection of its rich cultural heritage for ages. In today’s global world, these products have been extensively commercialized to the extent of losing their authenticity. The artisan communities need to be abreast with current market trends in order to create a demand for their products. The empowerment of the craft ecosystem demands sincere efforts on the part of craft practitioners to facilitate product diversification and wider market reach. However, artisanal products need to be put at the forefront of any design intervention without losing the essence of the original craft.Himachal Pradesh is not only rich in biodiversity but also in various crafts like metal, weaving, knitting, and painting. In this paper, an effort has been made to catalog the products of traditional Kullu Handloom weaving with the raw materials used, the process followed, motifs and colour palette etc. Moreover, initiatives taken by Ms. Anshul Malhotra, a well-known craft entrepreneur in Himachal Pradesh for popularizing the traditional woven designs of the Kullu and Kinnaur region in India and abroad have been reported. Design interventions made by combining new colors and exploring different combinations of yarns and weaves by Ms Anshul Malhotra would serve as a guiding source for the design and artisan communities alike.

Geometrical modeling and experimental validation of 3D woven honeycomb fabric for lightweight aircrew helmet liner manufacturing

This research focused on the development of a honeycomb fabric by predicting the areal density suitable for aircrew helmet liner. The aim was to fulfill the requirements for the lightweight and mechanical properties of composite liner. The model was based on the structural characteristics of the preform, including the weave design and geometric parameters. The predicted areal density, based on varying yarn linear density and the number of picks in the free and bonded wall, was compared to experimental results and showed good agreement. A geometric model was derived to predict the areal density of 3D woven honeycomb preforms for producing the composite liner of aircrew helmet. The model was validated using experimental data from a variety of 3D woven honeycomb preforms, showing that it accurately predicts the areal density and can be used as a tool to design 3D woven honeycomb preforms for advanced composites.

Comparative Geometrical Analysis of In Situ Mechanical Performance of 2-D Woven In-Plane Auxetic Structures

Abstract Recently, the production of auxetic textiles using conventional yarns and equipment has captured the attention of researchers. Yet only uni-stretch 2-D woven auxetic structures and auxetic knitted textiles have been produced using conventional yarns. This paper reports a comparative analysis of auxetic and mechanical performance (tensile strength, tear strength, and stretch and growth %) performance of auxetic foldable and auxetic honeycomb (AHC) structures using common elastic and nonelastic yarns and conventional weaving technologies. For this purpose, five different auxetic weave designs including α-vertical pointed twill (S1), β-vertical pointed twill (S2), α-horizontal pointed twill (S3), β-horizontal pointed twill (S4), and honeycomb structure (S5) were selected, and their corresponding woven fabrics were developed with equal thread density at the weaving stage. Auxeticity of woven structures was measured in both the warp and weft directions. The results showed that when the developed fabrics were stretched along the warp and weft directions, the foldable geometry showed −1 and −0.07 maximum negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR), respectively. Although the AHC structure showed maximum NPR −0.94 and −0.21 along warp and weft directions, respectively. AHC showed better mechanical performance as compared with foldable geometry and has higher dimensional stability. AHC structure showed the highest tensile strength as compared with the others. S3, S4, and S5 remained untorn along the warp direction because these have longer float lengths that produce a bunch having a greater number of yarns, whereas S1 and S2 showed tear strength of 47 and 43.2 N, respectively. In the weft direction, only S1 remained untorn, whereas the other four samples showed the tear strength value.

A 3D CFD study on the effects of feed spacer designs on membrane performance for high-permeance RO membranes

Feed spacers can promote fluid mixing near membrane surfaces, thereby enhancing water permeation performance through reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. Their role becomes more important under high-flux conditions, where concentration polarisation (CP) near the membrane surfaces occurs more severely. However, flow stagnation formed between the spacer filaments and membrane walls might induce an increased risk of membrane fouling. In this work, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is performed for spacer-filled feed channels with different water permeances and spacer types to assess the efficiency of each spacer type in mitigating CP under a wide range of flux conditions. Also quantitative analyses are made for wall shear rates, indicative of flow stagnation and fouling, as well as for water and salt fluxes and CP moduli. A new design, called a spine-ramp configuration, is accounted for in addition to the conventional unwoven and fully woven designs, which is expected to reduce flow stagnation. Simulation results demonstrate that discrepancies in CP modulus between different spacers for high-flux conditions are larger than those for low-flux conditions, suggesting that the choice of spacer design would be more critical for high-permeance membranes. Furthermore, an obtuse contact angle between spacer filaments and membrane walls turns out to be beneficial in minimising flow stagnation, thereby potentially reducing the risk of fouling.

Influence of weave arrangements on mechanical characteristics of cotton and bamboo woven fabric reinforced composite laminates

Due to the increasing demand for environmentally safe products, the use of composites manufactured from natural fibres has become one of the most widely researched subjects lately. In this present study, the influence of weave designs on the mechanical characteristics of bio-based cotton, bamboo and cotton/bamboo fabric reinforced textile epoxy composites is presented. The textile composites were prepared by compression moulding process with different fabric weight ratio of 70:30; 65:35; 60:40; 55:45 and 50:50. The composites were tested for interlaminar shear, flexural, compressive, tensile and impact strength as per ASTM standards. Compared to other weave design composite laminates, 45 wt.% loading of cotton and bamboo textile composite achieved the greatest results for all the tests in a simple weave pattern. The scanning electron microscopy results of the fractured samples exhibited superior interfacial bonding between the fabric and matrix, as evidenced by the presence of significantly reduced fibre bend, fibre pullout, tearing and crack. The prepared natural fibre composites (cotton/bamboo) can be used as an eco-friendly alternative to man-made materials that aid in pollution management. They are also less expensive, have higher mechanical characteristics and use less energy in the manufacturing process.

AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON UPCYCLING OF WASTE PLASTIC BAGS IN WEAVING DESIGN

Today, humanity is faced with plastic bag wastes caused by industrial applications and unconscious use that have become widespread over the last century. These bags, which have become a global problem, negatively affect the environment and human health with the chemicals in their structure. In addition, since plastic bags do not have to be upcycled and are considered as garbage, they are mostly not upcycled. However, today's environmental conditions necessitate upcycling for sustainable life. In this context, it is aimed to use the waste plastic bags directly through woven design, and to use the resulting textural product as a textile surface and dividing element in interiors. In this respect, after the literature review, experimental surface research was carried out with plastic bags on the traditional vertical weaving loom in the weaving process and the ones with high texture effects were selected and woven in large sizes. The concept of texture, which is one of the basic elements of design, is directly related to weaving. Even if the eyes are closed, objects can be distinguished by touch and therefore affect the person sensually and emotionally. In this regard, in order for the plastic bag texture to be in the foreground, the number of warp was drawn infrequently and plastic bags cut into strips were used in the weft insertion. The plastic bag is enriched in textural terms by combining materials such as paper and copper wire from time to time to ensure aesthetic integrity. While it is thought that this experimental study for the upcycling of plastic bags can reduce the pollution caused by the bags to a certain extent, it is hoped that new ideas about upcycling will cause an environmental awareness in the society

Effect of Cellulosic Material and Weave Design on Comfort Performance of Woven Fabrics

ABSTRACT Availability, simplicity of processing, biodegradability, sustainability, and compatibility with human skin in terms of moisture management and temperature regulation, cellulosic fibers are preferred for clothing. In this study four (04) different cellulosic yarns (cotton, bamboo, viscose, and tencel) and two weave designs (1/1 plain and 2/2 warp rib) were used to develop eight (08) woven fabrics with equal thread densities, and their volume porosity %, air permeability, thermal resistance, water vapor permeability index, and moisture management properties were compared. The results showed that tencel fabrics showed the highest water vapor permeability index and overall moisture management capability (OMMC) values, whereas cotton fabrics had the highest values of volume porosity %, air permeability, and thermal resistance. Furthermore, the 2/2 warp rib weave design showed higher values of volume porosity %, air permeability, and thermal resistance in comparison with 1/1 plain woven fabrics, while the water vapor permeability index and OMMC values were higher in 1/1 plain woven fabrics. Moreover, the statistical significance of both factors (cellulose material and weave design) on different results was also analyzed.

A sustainable blend of Tencel/jute fibers as an alternative to cotton/polyester for clothing

The increasing concern about the environment has enhanced the utilization of sustainable products in every field of life, from common household items to fabrics. Although cotton is a plant-based fiber, its cultivation requires large amounts of water and pesticides. Therefore, the future of product development demands environmental friendliness. To overcome the problems of cotton related to the environment, a novel sustainable fabric was developed by using Tencel and jute fiber for the apparel industry to reduce the usage of cotton. In this current study, six blended yarns of two counts (10 &amp; 20 Ne) of Tencel and jute (90:10, 80:20, and 70:30) were developed by ring spinning to weave fabric in two weave designs (Plain &amp; Twill). These developed fabrics were assessed for mechanical, comfort, and hand properties. The results revealed that the blended fabric with a high content of Tencel is good in terms of mechanical, comfort, and hand properties, except for stiffness, pilling resistance, resilience, and drapeability. Additionally, fabric woven with a fine yarn count is also good in the above-stated properties, except for stiffness, resilience, and wrinkle recovery. However, fabrics woven with a twill weave design have good comfort and hand properties, except for smoothness and drapability. On the other hand, fabric with a plain weave design is good in terms of mechanical properties, except for tear strength. The comparison of TJ blended fabric with PC blended fabric shows that the tensile strength, air permeability and OMMC of JT blended fabric is 8.31%, 96%, and 29.46% higher than PC blended fabric but tear strength is 99% less. Furthermore, statistical analysis was performed to check the effect of the input variables on the response factors, and it was found that the effect of yarn count on all output responses is statistically the most significant.

Multifunctional auxetic and honeycomb composites made of 3D woven carbon fibre preforms

Three dimensional (3D) woven composites started to find applications in various industrial sectors, mainly in aerospace and with a potential in automotive. 3D-woven fabrics can be architected to form complex and near-net-shape preforms ready for automated composites manufacturing. The 3D-woven honeycomb fabric is designed to include additional functionality into finished composites, such as positive and negative Poisson's ratios. In this study, complex honeycomb architectures were created using various weave designs to demonstrate the effects of auxetic behaviours when manufactured into a composite structure. A Staubli 3D-weaving system equipped with Jacquard UNIVAL 100 and creel of 3072 6 k carbon fibre tows were used to weave the designed honeycomb architecture. With the aid of hard polyester foam inserts, the 3D-woven fabrics were converted to honeycomb and auxetic preforms. These preforms were infused using epoxy resin to manufacture a set of honeycomb and auxetic composite structures. In comparison with the baseline honeycomb structure, it is proven that the developed auxetic composites exhibited negative Poisson’s ratio of − 2.86 and − 0.12 in the case of tensile and compression tests respectively.