Wound Research Articles

Detection of the Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors, and the Adverse Consequences of Falling among Elderly People

Abstract: Background: Falling among elders is the most causative factor of unintentional injuries resulting in disability and hospitalization. Aim: Was to identify the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors and the adverse consequences of falling among elderly people. Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted on 384 elderly participants at Minia governorate, Egypt. Tools: A structuredquestionnaire, Timed Up and Go Test Scale, Katz Scale, and Mini-Nutritional Assessment questionnaire were used. Results: Findings showed that 45.6% of the participants were at risk of falling based on the performed timed up and go test and 63.5 % of them had a falling history. Female gender, age, and chronic diseases were the main non-modifiable risk factors, while the detected modifiable factors of falling included; absence of toilet seats (95.9 %), absence of grab bars (76.2%), poor lighting (56.6%), and slippery floor (54.1%). Additionally, 93.4% had a lack of assistive devices, inactivity (81.6%), anemia (65.2%), and poor vision (50.8%). Likewise, 73.0%, 35.2%, 26.6%, and 100% of the fallers reported back pain, cut wounds, fractures, and fear respectivelyas adverse consequences. Conclusion: Hazardous environment, declined physical activities, walking problems, lifestyle, malnutrition, and body mass index were the most reported modifiable risk factors of falls. Recommendations: Early detection of the modifiable risk factors is essential for preventing falling and its adverse consequences among elderly people.

Wounded Healers

Wounded Healers

Xylocarpus granatum Mangrove Fruit Extract and Sodium Alginate Extract Lotion as Potent Wound Treatment Medicine

A preliminary study to gauge the antimicrobial potency of Xylocarpus granatum mangrove fruit extract and sodium alginate extract against pathogenic microbe from the species Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Lotions made of mangrove fruit extract (Sample 1) lotion and of a mixture of fruit extract and sodium alginate extract lotion (Sample 2) were topically tested on incision cut wound on mice abdominal area. The lotion was applied daily for five consecutive days. Observation on the test subjects were conducted to determine the rate of blood agglutination, tissue recovery rate, and fibroblast development rate using histology. The results showed that X. granatum extract lotion displayed significant antimicrobial activity against both pathogenic microbe species and did not show any conflict with the microbial activity found in sodium alginate lotion. Lotion adhesiveness test measured sample 1 at 0.26 seconds and sample two at 0.16 seconds. Both samples were shown to be oily in water. Subject observation showed blood coagulation on the first day, onset of tissue recovery on the second day and by the third day the wound had undergone complete tissue recovery. Observation on the fifth day showed that fibroblast tissue on the subject with sample 2 treatment was more solid than that with sample 1 treatment. It was concluded that the mix of X. granatum mangrove fruit and sodium alginate extracts showed most potency in wound treatment.Key words: X. granatum; incision wound; lotions; skin; histology; fibroblast.

Review of Wondrously Wounded: Theology, Disability, and the Body of Christ by Brian Brock

No abstract available.

Possibili direzioni di senso nella malattia oncologica: un’esperienza di liminalità, meaning making e progettazione esistenziale

The oncological disease experience is counted as a wound in the body and mind attributable to a traumatic experience that fragments and disorients the person’s biography. The neoplasia leaves marks and scars in both somatic and existential level. The illness experience suggests to patient to look for meaning that cannot be unheard. The literature associating the concept of liminality in oncological disease to understand the process of meaning making. The definition of new horizons of meaning, generated by crossing the limen, opens up a new self-awareness and worldview. The autopoietic dimension present in oncological disease reveals new scenarios of generativity and existential planning in the direction of self-realization in the cipher of the possible. The contribution presents the story of Anastasia, a 41-years-old nurse. A few months after her new marriage and close to a professional promotion, she receives the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma: a very aggressive, low-incidence, neoplasia, without specific therapeutic lines and with a negative prognosis. Anastasia’s words, thoughts and emotions, collected in the course of some testimonies in a university classroom, are analyzed and deciphered within the pedagogical paradigm, refering to the perspective of pedagogical problematicism and phenomenological pedagogy.

Tratamiento quirúrgico de la gangrena de Fournier

OBJETIVO:Describir el manejo quirúrgico realizado para la reconstrucción génitoperineal (RGP) en pacientes con secuelas de Gangrena de Fournier (GF). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS:Corresponde a una serie de casos retrospectiva de pacientes con secuelas de GF a los que se les realizó RGP entre el 2011 al 2019. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo con las variables de técnica quirúrgica, edad, sexo, comorbilidades, subunidades anatómicas afectadas, origen anatómico de la gangrena de fournier, número de procedimientos quirúrgicos, procedimiento de colostomía, terapia de presión negativa, Flexi-Seal®, bacterias aisladas, duración de estancia hospitalaria, tipo de procedimientos reconstructivos y complicaciones. RESULTADOS:Se realizó RGP a 43 pacientes (81,1% masculinos), con un promedio de edad de 59,1 (17–86 años). 72,7% eran diabéticos. El número de subunidades involucradas se asocia directamente y significativamente en relación al número de intervenciones quirúrgicas. Las técnicas utilizadas para la reconstrucción en orden de frecuencia fueron: colgajos (23%), cierre parcial más injerto dermoepidérmico de grosor parcial (IPP) (20%), cierre parcial (16%) e IPP (16%), cierre por segunda intención (10%), colgajo más IPP (7%) y cierre parcial para cierre por segunda intención de zona restante (5%).DISCUSIÓN:La elección de reconstrucción se basa en las características del defecto, es decir, el tamaño, la ubicación y profundidad, así como la disponibilidad de tejido local. De preferencia optar por cierres primarios sin tensión, seguido de colgajos y de IPP.CONCLUSIÓN: La RGP es un desafío para el cirujano plástico. Las técnicas descritas han demostrado ser seguras y reproducibles para el tratamiento quirúrgico de la Gangrena de Fournier.

From Wounded Knee to the Gallows: The Life and Trials of Lakota Chief Two Sticks. By Philip S. Hall and Mary Solon Lewis

<i>From Wounded Knee to the Gallows: The Life and Trials of Lakota Chief Two Sticks.</i> By Philip S. Hall and Mary Solon Lewis

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Induced by Carbamazepine: A Case Report

Background: Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is an uncommon but potentially fatal condition. TEN is distinguished by apoptosis of keratinocytes, which results in erosion of the mucous membrane and epidermal detachment. Case: A man, 20-year-old, came to hospital with skin sore and blisters in almost over his body, accompanied by swollen eyes, sore on the lips and genital. Dermatological examination on the regio trunk showed erythematous and hyperpigmented macules, irregularly shaped, multiple flaccid bullae, and epidermal detachment. The suspected drug, carbamazepine was discontinued immediately, then the patient was given appropriate supportive treatment with intravenous fluid drop (IVFD), systemic corticosteroid, antibiotic, and topical treatment. After 10 days, skin recovery and reepithelialization mucosal was stabilized. The patient was discharged after 12 days if admission. Drug patch testing was performed resulting in positive result for carbamazepine. Conclusion: The accurate diagnosis, avoidance of the use causative drug and rapid treatment may improve the prognosis. Drug patch testing with positive reactions have high predictive value to avoid using that drug in the future.

Efektivitas Penggunaan Cuka Apel (Apple Cider Vinegar) Terhadap Daya Hambat Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus Aureus Yang Diisolasi Dari Ulkus Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetic ulcers are a chronic complication of Diabetes Mellitus in the form of open sores on the surface of the skin. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is one of the bacteria that causes infection in wounds. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria will flourish in areas that have infections. An increasingly severe infection will cause gangrene. As it is known that Apple vinegar contains chemicals that are as antibacterial. Therefore apple vinegar can be used as a treatment in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This study used a quasi-experimental design with 6 treatments, namely Tetracycline Antibiotics as a negative control of growth, sterile aquadest as a positive control of growth and apple vinegar with concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5%. Then performed a statistical test using Kruskal Wallis with a confidence level of 95% or α = 0.05. Result: Sample Diabetic Foot Ulcer positively contained Staphylococcus aureus. Test the sensitivity that is done by using vinegar apple effective to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus at concentrations of 50% with a power resistor of 21.75 mm and a concentration of 100% by 24 mm. Conclusion: Apple Cider Vinegar effective to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from Ulcer Foot Diabetic.

EXTRACT VIRGIN OLIVE OIL AS A NATURAL REMEDY IN REMOVING CRADLE CAP IN INFANTS

Background: Cradle cap (Infantile Seborrhoeic Dermatitis), a form of dermatitis that manifested as patches of scale severity on the scalp of infants. The plaque is hard, thick, and tightly scale accompanied by red inflammation resembling a hat, cause itching, discomfort, and causes stress to the parents with a prevalence rate of 3.5% in worldwide distribution. Extract Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) have an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, wound healing, skin aging, and reduces the incidence of skin cancer. Purpose: The aim to determine the effect of EVOO with a duration time to recover the cradle cap. Method: This study was a queasy experiment with the control group (was not administered) and the intervention group (was given four drops of EVOO). The population was 21 infants and only five infants with cradle cap in the Siulak Mukai Public Medical Centre area, Kerinci Regency, Jambi. The sampling technique used the purposive sampling technique as much as 10 samplings. Infants are aged 1-4 months, cradle cap confirmed in the head with a low degree (less than 10%) from the frontal area and parietal areas of the infant’s head. The statistical analysis used an independent sample t-test. Result: There were significant differences between the two groups in the duration of recovered the cradle cap (p = 0.000). Further analysis demonstrated a favorable effect of the intervention group with duration time to recovered 10.20 days than the control group is 27.60 days. Conclusion: EVOO is recommended to removing cradle cap in infant and also nourish hair with making the infant's scalp moist by preventing oxidative damage.

Advances in nursing research on wounds: achievements, opportunities and challenges

Advances in nursing research on wounds: achievements, opportunities and challenges

Prevalence of home related injuries among children under 5 years old and practice of mothers toward first aid in Buraidah, Qassim.

Background:Unintentional injuries are reported to be the most common mechanism of childhood injuries; large proportion of these occur in or around home. Quick response and appropriate first aid is vital in saving life and preventing negative outcomes.Objectives:The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of home injuries among children five years old and younger and to explore their mothers' knowledge, attitude and practice toward first aid.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 mothers attending well baby clinics at primary health care centers (PHCC) in Buraidah city. The survey was conducted from February to June 2020. Simple random sampling was used to select PHCCs and systematic random sampling was used for participant selection. A self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data.Results:A history of home-related injury to the youngest child was reported by 114 (46.3%) mothers. The common home injuries were falls (50%), cut wounds (15.2%) and burns (10.7%). Among less than one-year age, injuries were more prevalent among males (41.4%) as compared to females (27.6%). Majority (58.2%) of mothers had fair knowledge about first aid. Internet websites (53.6%) followed by social media (47.6%) were the main sources of their knowledge. Mothers showed appropriate practice in dealing with suspected fracture (85.9%) and foreign body ingestion (80%) while burn (55.5%) and choking (43.2%) had the lowest appropriate practice.Conclusion:Home injuries are common among children. However, mothers' knowledge and practice of first aid is inadequate. To reduce the injuries' related morbidity and mortality, increasing awareness and organizing first aid training courses are recommended.

A Review of Streptococcus pyogenes: Public Health Risk Factors, Prevention and Control.

Streptococcus pyogenes, (colloquially named “group A streptococcus” (GAS)), is a pathogen of public health significance, infecting 18.1 million people worldwide and resulting in 500,000 deaths each year. This review identified published articles on the risk factors and public health prevention and control strategies for mitigating GAS diseases. The pathogen causing GAS diseases is commonly transmitted via respiratory droplets, touching skin sores caused by GAS or through contact with contaminated material or equipment. Foodborne transmission is also possible, although there is need for further research to quantify this route of infection. It was found that GAS diseases are highly prevalent in developing countries, and among indigenous populations and low socioeconomic areas in developed countries. Children, the immunocompromised and the elderly are at the greatest risk of S. pyogenes infections and the associated sequelae, with transmission rates being higher in schools, kindergartens, hospitals and residential care homes. This was attributed to overcrowding and the higher level of social contact in these settings. Prevention and control measures should target the improvement of living conditions, and personal and hand hygiene. Adherence to infection prevention and control practices should be emphasized in high-risk settings. Resource distribution by governments, especially in developed countries, should also be considered.

The Effects of Honey, Curcuma, Ginger, Nigella sativa and Their Mixture on the Radial Bone Defect Repair in Rat Model: Histological and Biomechanical Study

Honey, curcumin, ginger, and Nigella sativa are known for their antioxidant, immune stimulation properties, and wound healing effects. This study was conducted to determine the effect of these compounds and their mixture on the bone healing of the radial bone defect model in rats. One hundred and ten radial bone defects in 55 healthy male rats were randomly divided into 11 groups (10 rats per group). Groups 1-5 received honey, curcumin, ginger, and Nigella sativa orally by gavage, and groups 6-10 received the same materials locally by rubbing them on the sutured skin. The bone repair effects of these materials were evaluated by histopathology and biomechanical examinations. Using honey, curcumin, ginger, and Nigella sativa exhibited a beneficial effect to promote bone healing in this study. The biomechanical and histopathologic evaluations showed that the honey (oral), the mixture of honey and curcumin (oral), and the mixture of honey and Nigella sativa (topical) groups exhibited significantly better results at 52nd postoperative day compared to the other groups.

National expert consensus on early management of scars (2020 version)

Recently, more and more clinical and basic studies have shown that early intervention of scars after wound healing can shorten the immature period of scars, improve the final outcome of scars, effectively prevent and control the occurrence and development of pathological scars. However, there are many methods for early management of scars with varying quality, and there is a lack of expert consensus on early scar management. Based on the existing clinical evidence of each intervention method and clinical experience of experts, more than 40 domestic experts from Standing Committee of Chinese Association of Plastics and Aesthetics Scar Medicine Branch have reached a consensus on definition, therapeutic principles, therapeutic methods, and other aspects of early scars after multiple discussions and revisions, providing reference for clinical treatment.

Closing The Brief Case: A Maggot Mystery-Ignatzschineria larvae Sepsis Secondary to an Infested Wound.

Closing The Brief Case: A Maggot Mystery-Ignatzschineria larvae Sepsis Secondary to an Infested Wound.

Síndrome de Jael – Um relato de caso

Os traumas frequentemente envolvem a área maxilofacial, porém os ferimentos de arma branca em face são raros. O mecanismo protetor de defesa ativa instintivamente defendendo a face de quaisquer lesões possíveis. Devido a essa incidência menor e também as diversas formas de ferimentos e objetos utilizados para tal injúria o ferimento por arma branca se torna um desafio aos cirurgiões. O cirurgião deve estar completamente familiarizado e preparado para atender essa demanda no pronto socorro. O objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar um caso de agressão com arma branca em face. O trauma gerado por um membro de sua família contra a mulher ocasionou um ferimento em região infraorbitária esquerda, transfixando até a região do palato onde era possível visualizar a outra extremidade da faca. Foi realizado procedimento cirúrgico sob anestesia geral para remoção do corpo estranho e síntese dos tecidos. A paciente se recuperou bem sem nenhuma complicação mais grave, somente com parestesia do nervo infraorbitário esquerdo. A paciente permaneceu em acompanhamento por dois meses e não compareceu as outras consultas pós-operatórias mais longas para uma avaliação a longo prazo.Incluir o resumo.

Evaluation of Aqueous Creams Containing Ethanolic Extract of Curcuma longa (Turmeric) as Bioactive Ingredient for the Management of Wounds

Abstract Background: Wounds are considered health indispositions with detrimental socio-economic influences on the afflicted and their kin. Curcuma longa or turmeric has been used in the treatment of wounds. Employing the extracts of turmeric as a bioactive ingredient in an aqueous cream could enhance its value in wound treatment. Aim: This study aimed to formulate aqueous creams containing concentrations of ethanolic extract of turmeric (EET) as bioactive ingredients, evaluate their stability and wound healing activities in male Wistar rats using hydroxyproline (HXP) as a biochemical marker. Materials and methods: Solutions of 1.5, 3.0 and 5.0 % w/v of crude EET were prepared and also incorporated as bioactive ingredients in aqueous creams. The stability of the creams was evaluated and their wound healing effects were studied using distilled water, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and cholesterol as controls in male Wistar rats. Results: The creams were stable in colour, pH, viscosity, etc. and exhibited wound healing activities. The animals treated with the crude 1.5 % w/v EET and its cream demonstrated the highest tissue HXP level showing significant percentage differences in tissue HXP levels from the control groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The crude EET has been confirmed to possess wound healing properties with an optimal effective concentration for wound healing in male Wistar rats determined as 1.5 % w/v which when incorporated as a bioactive ingredient in an aqueous cream retained its efficacy in wound healing and could therefore be beneficial in the treatment of body injuries.

Incisional Hernia in Pregnancy at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Southern Nigeria

Background: Aim: incisional hernias occur through a weakness at the site of abdominal wall closure after surgery and is a common condition encountered in day to day surgical practice. It lends itself to multiple and varied aetiological factors. Despite recent advances in the management of incisional hernias, the recurrence rate is still high. Incisional hernia is uncommon in pregnancy, however when it occurs serious and life-threatening complications may arise. Thus there is a need to revisit the possible aetiological factors that may give rise to incisional hernia in our locality so as to prevent them. To our knowledge no such study has ever been undertaking here. Materials and methods This is a five-year retrospective survey conducted at the antenatal clinic of the university of Port Harcourt Teaching hospital in southern Nigeria between January 2008 to December 2013. A total of one hundred and seven patients with incisional hernia were identified and some aetiological factors for incisional hernia in the patient were deciphered. Each patient’s abdomen was examined to confirm the presence of incisional hernia, and type of surgical incision used. All these were collated and analysed. Results: Obesity was the commonest risk factor 78 (72.9%), while wound sepsis accounted for 61 (57.0%) Nearly all patients had longitudinal incisions 105 (98.1%) while for some 11 (10.3%), there were no identifiable risk factors. Also, Caesarean section accounted for majority of the surgeries that led to incisional hernia in the study population 72(67.3%) followed by myomectomy. Emergency surgeries were complicated by incisional hernia than elective Conclusion: This study found that the commonest aetiological factors for incisional hernia in our locality but not limited to: Obesity, wound sepsis, emergency surgeries as well as longitudinal incisions. Interestingly these are all modifiable risk factors and are amenable to health education and sound surgical techniques.

Design and research of closed bionic spiral wound soft gripper

Design and research of closed bionic spiral wound soft gripper